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{{pp|small=yes}}
{{other uses|Battle of Delhi (disambiguation)}}
{{more footnotes|date=August 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Delhi
| partof = Later Mughal-Maratha Wars (1728-1763)
| image =
| date = 28 March 1737
| place = [[Talkatora Gardens|Talkatora]]
| territory =
| result = [[Maratha]] Victory
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Maratha|Marathas]]
| combatant2 = [[Mughal Empire]]
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Baji Rao I]]

[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Malhar Rao Holkar]]

[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] Vithoji Bule
| commander2 = Mir Hasan Khan Koka<ref name="books.google.ca">[https://books.google.ca/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA117&dq=Mir+Hasan+Khan+delhi+1737&hl=en&sa=X&ei=M_WjVIGBGo28uATAw4DICQ&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Mir%20Hasan%20Khan%20delhi%201737&f=false Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813]</ref>
| strength1 = 50,000 [[soldiers]]<ref>
{{cite book |last1=Dighe |first1=V. G. |title=Peshwa Bajirao I and Maratha expansion |page=136 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57399}}</ref>
| strength2 = 8,000 [[soldiers]]<ref>
{{cite book |last1=Dighe |first1=V. G. |title=Peshwa Bajirao I and Maratha expansion |page=136 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57399}}</ref><ref>Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707-1803) Pg.117</ref>
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}

{{Campaignbox
| title = Later Mughal-Maratha Wars
| name = Campaignbox Later Mughal-Maratha Wars
| listclass = hlist
| battles =
* [[Battle of Amjhera (1728)]]
* [[Battle of Palkhed]]
* [[Battle of Jaitpur (1729)]]
* Battle of Delhi (1737)
* [[Battle of Bhopal]]
* [[Battle of Damalcherry Pass (1740)]]
* [[Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)]]
* [[First Battle of Katwa (1742)]]
* [[Siege of Trichinopoly (1743)]]
* [[Second Battle of Katwa (1745)]]
* [[Battle of Burdwan (1747)]]
* [[Battle of Malthan (1751)]]
* [[First Battle of Sikandarabad (1754)]]
* [[Battle of Sindkhed (1757)]]
* [[Battle of Mangrol (1761)]]
* [[Battle of Kharda]]
* [[Battle of Rakshasbhuvan]]
}}

The '''First Battle of Delhi''' took place on 28 March 1737 between the [[Maratha (caste)|Marathas]] and the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref name="maratha"/> It was part of the Later Mughal-Maratha Wars (1728-1763).

== Background ==
On 12 November 1736, the Maratha general [[Baji Rao I|Bajirao]] advanced on [[Old Delhi]] to attack the Mughal capital. Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]] sent [[Saadat Ali Khan I]] with a 150,000-strong army to stop the Maratha advance on Delhi.<ref> https://books.google.ca/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA117&dq=Mir+Hasan+Khan+delhi+1737&hl=en&sa=X&ei=M_WjVIGBGo28uATAw4DICQ&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Mir%20Hasan%20Khan%20delhi%201737&f=false </ref> But Bajirao's subordinate chiefs [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] and Pilaji Jadhav crossed the river [[Yamuna]] and looted [[Ganga-Yamuna Doab]], Saadat Khan defeated the maratha forces under Malhar Rao and retired to [[Mathura]].<ref> https://books.google.ca/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA117&dq=Mir+Hasan+Khan+delhi+1737&hl=en&sa=X&ei=M_WjVIGBGo28uATAw4DICQ&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Mir%20Hasan%20Khan%20delhi%201737&f=false </ref> Bajirao's army advanced to Delhi and encamped near [[Talkatora]].<ref> https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/talkatoras-vicissitudes-of-fortune/article17333158.ece </ref>

== Battle ==
Muhammad Shah sent Mir Hasan Khan Koka with an army to intercept Bajirao. The Mughals led an attack on Maratha army but were repulsed with heavy losses.<ref> https://books.google.ca/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA117&dq=Mir+Hasan+Khan+delhi+1737&hl=en&sa=X&ei=M_WjVIGBGo28uATAw4DICQ&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Mir%20Hasan%20Khan%20delhi%201737&f=false </ref>

== Aftermath ==
The battle signified the further expansion of the Maratha Empire towards the north. Muhammad Shah called upon the Nizam's and Nawab's armies to destroy the Maratha Army.<ref> https://books.google.com/books?id=6L6avTlqJNYC&pg=PA247&dq=Battle+of+Bhopal+1737&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gLAHUKy_BMmrrAez85TZAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Battle%20of%20Bhopal%201737&f=false </ref><ref> https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PR23&dq=maratha+delhi+1737&hl=en&sa=X&ei=z-PVT7mfGpDLrQfP6_D8Dw&ved=0CF0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=maratha%20delhi%201737&f=false </ref> The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Nawab of Bhopal left Hyderabad to protect the [[Mughal Empire]] from the invasion of the Marathas, but they were defeated decisively in the [[Battle of Bhopal]] (24 December 1737).<ref name="History Modern India">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ga-pmgxsWwoC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=Bajirao+I&source=bl&ots=HkQzEFQlsy&sig=gJoHIm67VxjHT3ocvewdicebbHY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gqoaVdTxJMeduQSMw4HIDg&ved=0CF8Q6AEwDTgK#v=onepage&q=Bajirao%20I&f=false History Modern India]</ref><ref name="maratha">[https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PR23 An Advanced History of Modern India]</ref> The Marathas extracted large tributaries from the Mughals, and signed a treaty which ceded [[Malwa]] to the Marathas.<ref name="maratha"/>

The Maratha plunder weakened the Mughal Empire, which got further weakened after successive invasions of [[Nadir Shah]] in 1739 and [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] in the 1750s. The continuous attacks led the Marathas to wage another [[Battle of Delhi (1757)|Battle of Delhi in 1757]] against the Rohillas who were pushed out, which largely effaced the remaining central authority of the Mughal Empire.<ref name="Howard">Robinson, Howard; James Thomson Shotwell (1922). "Mogul Empire and the Marathas". The Development of the British Empire. Houghton Mifflin. p. 106-132.</ref>{{qn|date=September 2021}}

== See also ==
* [[Battle of Delhi (1803)]]
* [[Battle of Karnal]]
* [[Battle of Delhi (1757)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1737|Delhi 1737]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Delhi 1737]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Delhi 1737]]
[[Category:1737 in Asia]]
[[Category:1737 in India]]
[[Category:18th century in Delhi]]

Battle of Delhi (1737) - Revision history

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