Battle of Chamb - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:19, 29 June 2022
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	\| casualties1 = 72 killed<br />15 wounded<br />Several [[tank\|tanks]], [[artillery]] and [[military vehicle\|military vehicles]] destroyed or captured		\| casualties1 = 72 killed<br />15 wounded<br />Several [[tank\|tanks]], [[artillery]] and [[military vehicle\|military vehicles]] destroyed or captured
	\| casualties2 = 60 killed<br />80 wounded<br />4 [[tank\|tanks]], several [[military vehicle\|military vehicles]] destroyed		\| casualties2 = 60 killed<br />80 wounded<br />4 [[tank\|tanks]], several [[military vehicle\|military vehicles]] destroyed
	\| territory = Pakistan captures ~~around {{convert\|120\|km2\|sqmi\|abbr=on}} of Indian territory~~		\| territory = Pakistan captures Chamb
	\| map_mark = red_pog.svg		\| map_mark = red_pog.svg
	\| map_type = Kashmir		\| map_type = Kashmir
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	{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}		{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}

	The '''Battle of Chamb~~, 1971~~''' was a battle in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. The [[Pakistan Army]] invaded [[Chumb]] on the same principle as the [[Operation Grand Slam\|Battle of Chamb (1965)]]. The Pakistan Army's primary objective was to capture the town of Chamb and surrounding areas that had strategic importance for both Pakistan and India.		The '''Battle of Chamb''' was a battle in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. The [[Pakistan Army]] invaded [[Chumb]] on the same principle as the [[Operation Grand Slam\|Battle of Chamb (1965)]]. The Pakistan Army's primary objective was to capture the town of Chamb and surrounding areas that had strategic importance for both Pakistan and India.

	Before the capture of [[Chumb]] by Pakistan forces, this western sector was under India's control. Similar to 1965, plans were made to capture this strategic town. The reason behind this plan was to deter Indians from attacking the crucial north-south line of communications passing via Gujrat. The 23 Division of Pakistan was given the task of protecting this sector and later attacking the Chamb-Dewa sectors. On the Indian side, the 10th Division was given the task of defence of Chamb; the Indian army believed that by attacking Gujrat and Tanda, they could guarantee the defence of Chamb. In comparison to 1965, the Indians were better prepared in terms of defences and now realized the importance of the town and sector.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Lt. Col. Muhammad Usman Hassan \|chapter-url=http://pakdef.org/battle-lore-on-breakthrough-in-chamb/\|chapter=Battle Lore – On Breakthrough in Chamb \|title=Soldiers Speak, Selected Articles from Pakistan Army Journal 1956-1981 \|publisher=Army Education Press, GHQ, Rawalpindi}}</ref>		Before the capture of [[Chumb]] by Pakistan forces, this western sector was under India's control. Similar to 1965, plans were made to capture this strategic town. The reason behind this plan was to deter Indians from attacking the crucial north-south line of communications passing via Gujrat. The 23 Division of Pakistan was given the task of protecting this sector and later attacking the Chamb-Dewa sectors. On the Indian side, the 10th Division was given the task of defence of Chamb; the Indian army believed that by attacking Gujrat and Tanda, they could guarantee the defence of Chamb. In comparison to 1965, the Indians were better prepared in terms of defences and now realized the importance of the town and sector.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Lt. Col. Muhammad Usman Hassan \|chapter-url=http://pakdef.org/battle-lore-on-breakthrough-in-chamb/\|chapter=Battle Lore – On Breakthrough in Chamb \|title=Soldiers Speak, Selected Articles from Pakistan Army Journal 1956-1981 \|publisher=Army Education Press, GHQ, Rawalpindi}}</ref>

	Brigadier Amar Cheema of the [[Indian Army]], while comparing the strength of two countries during the battle, claimed that the [[Indian Armed Forces]] had superior tanks such as [[T-55]] and [[T-54]] who were equipped with 100 mm guns. They were said to be far superior to those of the Pakistani [[Type 59 tank]].<ref name="v"/> The T-55 ~~Tanks~~ also possessed pads{{clarify\|date=October 2019}} ammunition firing capability which the Type 59 tank did not have. The T-55 had a far superior stabilisation system.<ref name=defencejournal>{{Cite web\|url=http://defencejournal.com/sept99/chamb.htm\|title=The Battle of Chamb-1971}}</ref> Cheema also claims that there was near parity in terms of artillery but when it came to infantry Pakistan army had fewer soldiers than the Indian army during the battle. He states that 'it was this battle which helped in sustaining the morale of Pakistan army. The Indians, on the other hand, describe it as a most serious reverse suffered in the 1971 war'.<ref name="v"/>		Brigadier Amar Cheema of the [[Indian Army]], while comparing the strength of two countries during the battle, claimed that the [[Indian Armed Forces]] had superior tanks such as [[T-55]] and [[T-54]] who were equipped with 100 mm guns. They were said to be far superior to those of the Pakistani [[Type 59 tank]].<ref name="v"/> The T-55 tanks also possessed pads{{clarify\|date=October 2019}} ammunition firing capability which the Type 59 tank did not have. The T-55 had a far superior stabilisation system.<ref name=defencejournal>{{Cite web\|url=http://defencejournal.com/sept99/chamb.htm\|title=The Battle of Chamb-1971}}</ref> Cheema also claims that there was near parity in terms of artillery but, when it came to infantry, the Pakistan army had fewer soldiers than the Indian army during the battle. He states that "it was this battle which helped in sustaining the morale of Pakistan army. The Indians, on the other hand, describe it as a most serious reverse suffered in the 1971 war".<ref name="v"/>

	Under the [[Simla Agreement]], signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972; Pakistan retained the territory it captured in the Chamb sector whereas India retained the territory it captured on the Pakistani side of the ceasefire line opposite the Kargil sector.~~<ref>~~		Under the [[Simla Agreement]], signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972, Pakistan retained the territory it captured in the Chamb sector whereas India retained the territory it captured on the Pakistani side of the ceasefire line opposite the Kargil sector.{{cn\|date=March 2022}}
	{{~~Cite web~~\|~~title=IPCS {{!}} Institute Of Peace & Conflict Studies\|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/indo-pak/kargil-loc-and-the-simla-agreement-210.html\|access-~~date=~~2020-09-11\|website=www.ipcs.org~~}}~~</ref>~~

	Later Gen Andre Beaufre (Retired) of the French Army, who was invited by Pakistan and remained there throughout the war and who also later went to India by invitation and toured the battlefields after the ceasefire felt that it was difficult to get an accurate picture because both India and Pakistan grossly exaggerated the casualties in men and material inflicted on the adversary. He gave two examples to support his view. The Pakistani commanders in the Chhamb sector claimed that a brigade of four battalions supported by a regiment of armour and five artillery regiments had annihilated an Indian infantry brigade and captured many tanks, a large number of other vehicles and large quantities of arms and equipment. Some pictures shown to him in support of these claims appeared to him to be the product of trick photography. He visited the Chhamb sector soon after the main battle but did not see much-captured equipment, and it certainly bore no relation to the much-publicized Pakistani claims.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/>		Later Gen Andre Beaufre (Retired) of the French Army, who was invited by Pakistan and remained there throughout the war and who also later went to India by invitation and toured the battlefields after the ceasefire felt that it was difficult to get an accurate picture because both India and Pakistan grossly exaggerated the casualties in men and material inflicted on the adversary. He gave two examples to support his view. The Pakistani commanders in the Chhamb sector claimed that a brigade of four battalions supported by a regiment of armour and five artillery regiments had annihilated an Indian infantry brigade and captured many tanks, a large number of other vehicles and large quantities of arms and equipment. Some pictures shown to him in support of these claims appeared to him to be the product of trick photography. He visited the Chhamb sector soon after the main battle but did not see much-captured equipment, and it certainly bore no relation to the much-publicized Pakistani claims.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/>

>Arjayay: Undid revision 1061908134 by 142.184.183.129 (talk) Unsourced

2021-12-24T20:21:49Z

Undid revision 1061908134 by 142.184.183.129 (talk) Unsourced

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 25 December 2021
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	{{short description\|Battle of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}		{{short description\|Battle of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}{{Infobox military conflict
	~~{{Cite check\|date=October 2018}}~~
	~~{{Original research\|date=October 2018}}~~

	{{Infobox military conflict
	\| conflict = Battle of Chamb		\| conflict = Battle of Chamb
	\| image = Chamb101.jpg		\| image = Chamb101.jpg
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	\| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] (Western Front)		\| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] (Western Front)
	\| date = December 1971		\| date = December 1971
	\| place = ~~Chamb~~, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]] <small>(present−day [[Azad Kashmir\|Azad Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Pakistan]])</small>		\| place = [[Chhamb]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]] <small>(present−day [[Azad Kashmir\|Azad Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Pakistan]])</small>
	\| coordinates = {{coord\|32.838\|N\|74.404\|E\|display=inline,title}}		\| coordinates = {{coord\|32.838\|N\|74.404\|E\|display=inline,title}}
	\| result = Pakistani victory<ref name="v">{{cite book\|title=The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective\|author=Brigadier Amar Cheema\|year=2015\|isbn=978-81-7062-301-4\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|page=297–298\|quote=The contention that this was the most serious reverse for India in the war is also correct as it was here that Pakistan could maximise their territorial gains amounting to some 400 Sq. Km.... The way it ultimately planned out, Chamb was the only sector in J&K where the Indian forces suffered setback and this was attributable to Indian operational stance and inadequate preparation for the defensive battle for which the formation had been mandated.....Loss of territory in the sector for both sides was unacceptable, yet it was India who let this happen.}}</ref><ref name="js">{{cite book\|title=Indian Gunners at War:The Western Front 1971\|author=Major General Jagjit Singh\|year=1994\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|quote=The saga of Chamb had come to an end. Despite defeat, 191 infantry brigade under the leadership of Brigadier Jasbir Singh (later Lieutenant General) had fought splendidly against, heavy odds.\|page=88}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm\|title=Three Indian blunders in 1971 war\|quote=In the 1971 war in Kashmir, Pakistan gained some territory in Chhamb as the Indian Army poised for an offensive was caught off guard by the Pakistani attack.\|date=11 December 2011\|work=Rediff India}}</ref>		\| result = Pakistani victory<ref name="v">{{cite book\|title=The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective\|author=Brigadier Amar Cheema\|year=2015\|isbn=978-81-7062-301-4\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|page=297–298\|quote=The contention that this was the most serious reverse for India in the war is also correct as it was here that Pakistan could maximise their territorial gains amounting to some 400 Sq. Km.... The way it ultimately planned out, Chamb was the only sector in J&K where the Indian forces suffered setback and this was attributable to Indian operational stance and inadequate preparation for the defensive battle for which the formation had been mandated.....Loss of territory in the sector for both sides was unacceptable, yet it was India who let this happen.}}</ref><ref name="js">{{cite book\|title=Indian Gunners at War:The Western Front 1971\|author=Major General Jagjit Singh\|year=1994\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|quote=The saga of Chamb had come to an end. Despite defeat, 191 infantry brigade under the leadership of Brigadier Jasbir Singh (later Lieutenant General) had fought splendidly against, heavy odds.\|page=88}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm\|title=Three Indian blunders in 1971 war\|quote=In the 1971 war in Kashmir, Pakistan gained some territory in Chhamb as the Indian Army poised for an offensive was caught off guard by the Pakistani attack.\|date=11 December 2011\|work=Rediff India}}</ref>
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	{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}		{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}

	The '''Battle of Chamb, 1971''' was a battle in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. The [[Pakistan Army]] invaded ~~Chamb~~ on the same principle as the [[Operation Grand Slam\|Battle of Chamb (1965)]]. The Pakistan Army's primary objective was to capture the town of Chamb and surrounding areas ~~which~~ had strategic importance for both Pakistan and India.		The '''Battle of Chamb, 1971''' was a battle in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. The [[Pakistan Army]] invaded [[Chumb]] on the same principle as the [[Operation Grand Slam\|Battle of Chamb (1965)]]. The Pakistan Army's primary objective was to capture the town of Chamb and surrounding areas that had strategic importance for both Pakistan and India.

	Before the capture of ~~Chamb~~ by Pakistan forces, this western sector was under India's control. Similar to 1965, plans were made to capture this strategic town. The reason behind this plan was to deter Indians from attacking the crucial north-south line of communications passing via Gujrat. The 23 Division of Pakistan was given the task of protecting this sector and later attacking the Chamb-Dewa sectors. On the Indian side, the 10th Division was given the task of defence of Chamb; the Indian army believed that by attacking Gujrat and Tanda, they could guarantee the defence of Chamb. In comparison to 1965, the Indians were better prepared in terms of defences and now realized the importance of the town and sector.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Lt. Col. Muhammad Usman Hassan \|chapter-url=http://pakdef.org/battle-lore-on-breakthrough-in-chamb/\|chapter=Battle Lore – On Breakthrough in Chamb \|title=Soldiers Speak, Selected Articles from Pakistan Army Journal 1956-1981 \|publisher=Army Education Press, GHQ, Rawalpindi}}</ref>		Before the capture of [[Chumb]] by Pakistan forces, this western sector was under India's control. Similar to 1965, plans were made to capture this strategic town. The reason behind this plan was to deter Indians from attacking the crucial north-south line of communications passing via Gujrat. The 23 Division of Pakistan was given the task of protecting this sector and later attacking the Chamb-Dewa sectors. On the Indian side, the 10th Division was given the task of defence of Chamb; the Indian army believed that by attacking Gujrat and Tanda, they could guarantee the defence of Chamb. In comparison to 1965, the Indians were better prepared in terms of defences and now realized the importance of the town and sector.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Lt. Col. Muhammad Usman Hassan \|chapter-url=http://pakdef.org/battle-lore-on-breakthrough-in-chamb/\|chapter=Battle Lore – On Breakthrough in Chamb \|title=Soldiers Speak, Selected Articles from Pakistan Army Journal 1956-1981 \|publisher=Army Education Press, GHQ, Rawalpindi}}</ref>

	Brigadier Amar Cheema of the [[Indian Army]], while comparing the strength of two countries during the battle, claimed that the [[Indian Armed Forces]] had superior tanks such as [[T-55]] and [[T-54]] who were equipped with 100 mm guns. They were said to be far superior to those of the Pakistani [[Type 59 tank]].<ref name="v"/> The T-55 Tanks also possessed pads{{clarify\|date=October 2019}} ammunition firing capability which the Type 59 tank did not have. The T-55 had far superior stabilisation system.<ref name=defencejournal>{{Cite web\|url=http://defencejournal.com/sept99/chamb.htm\|title=The Battle of Chamb-1971}}</ref> Cheema also claims that there was near parity in terms of artillery but when it came to infantry Pakistan army had ~~less~~ soldiers than the Indian army during the battle. He states that 'it was this battle which helped in sustaining the morale of Pakistan army. The Indians, on the other hand, describe it as a most serious reverse suffered in the 1971 war'.<ref name="v"/>		Brigadier Amar Cheema of the [[Indian Army]], while comparing the strength of two countries during the battle, claimed that the [[Indian Armed Forces]] had superior tanks such as [[T-55]] and [[T-54]] who were equipped with 100 mm guns. They were said to be far superior to those of the Pakistani [[Type 59 tank]].<ref name="v"/> The T-55 Tanks also possessed pads{{clarify\|date=October 2019}} ammunition firing capability which the Type 59 tank did not have. The T-55 had a far superior stabilisation system.<ref name=defencejournal>{{Cite web\|url=http://defencejournal.com/sept99/chamb.htm\|title=The Battle of Chamb-1971}}</ref> Cheema also claims that there was near parity in terms of artillery but when it came to infantry Pakistan army had fewer soldiers than the Indian army during the battle. He states that 'it was this battle which helped in sustaining the morale of Pakistan army. The Indians, on the other hand, describe it as a most serious reverse suffered in the 1971 war'.<ref name="v"/>

	Under the [[Simla Agreement]], signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972; Pakistan retained the territory it captured in the Chamb sector whereas India retained the territory it captured on the Pakistani side of the ceasefire line opposite the Kargil sector.<ref>		Under the [[Simla Agreement]], signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972; Pakistan retained the territory it captured in the Chamb sector whereas India retained the territory it captured on the Pakistani side of the ceasefire line opposite the Kargil sector.<ref>
	{{Cite web\|title=IPCS {{!}} Institute Of Peace & Conflict Studies\|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/indo-pak/kargil-loc-and-the-simla-agreement-210.html\|access-date=2020-09-11\|website=www.ipcs.org}}</ref>		{{Cite web\|title=IPCS {{!}} Institute Of Peace & Conflict Studies\|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/indo-pak/kargil-loc-and-the-simla-agreement-210.html\|access-date=2020-09-11\|website=www.ipcs.org}}</ref>

	Later Gen Andre Beaufre (Retired) of the French Army, who was invited by Pakistan and remained there throughout the war and who also later went to India by invitation and toured the battlefields after the ceasefire felt that it was difficult to get an accurate picture because both India and Pakistan grossly exaggerated the casualties in men and material inflicted on the adversary.~~{{cn\|date=October 2018}}~~		Later Gen Andre Beaufre (Retired) of the French Army, who was invited by Pakistan and remained there throughout the war and who also later went to India by invitation and toured the battlefields after the ceasefire felt that it was difficult to get an accurate picture because both India and Pakistan grossly exaggerated the casualties in men and material inflicted on the adversary. He gave two examples to support his view. The Pakistani commanders in the Chhamb sector claimed that a brigade of four battalions supported by a regiment of armour and five artillery regiments had annihilated an Indian infantry brigade and captured many tanks, a large number of other vehicles and large quantities of arms and equipment. Some pictures shown to him in support of these claims appeared to him to be the product of trick photography. He visited the Chhamb sector soon after the main battle but did not see much-captured equipment, and it certainly bore no relation to the much-publicized Pakistani claims.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/>
	He gave two examples to support his view. The Pakistani commanders in the Chhamb sector claimed that a brigade of four battalions supported by a regiment of armour and five artillery regiments had annihilated an Indian infantry brigade and captured many tanks, a large number of other vehicles and large quantities of arms and equipment. Some pictures shown to him in support of these claims appeared to him to be the product of trick photography. He visited the Chhamb sector soon after the main battle but did not see much captured equipment, and it certainly bore no relation to the much-publicized Pakistani claims.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/>

	According to Gen Beaufre, the Pakistani offensive in the Chhamb sector lacked boldness. Their forces moved slowly, and because of inadequate training and faulty planning, marrying of infantry and armour was delayed and resulted in a halt at the Manawar Wali Tawi, thus giving the Indians time to reinforce their position. Pakistan attacked positions west of the river with four battalions supported by one armoured regiment and five artillery regiments.		According to Gen Beaufre, the Pakistani offensive in the Chhamb sector lacked boldness. Their forces moved slowly, and because of inadequate training and faulty planning, the marrying of infantry and armour was delayed and resulted in a halt at the Manawar Wali Tawi, thus giving the Indians time to reinforce their position. Pakistan attacked positions west of the river with four battalions supported by one armoured regiment and five artillery regiments.
	Armour was not used in a concentrated manner, and artillery fire was spread all over instead of focusing on one objective at a time. Beaufre would have liked at least two brigades to attack simultaneously in the initial phase, followed by at least one brigade and a couple of armoured regiments to break through after securing the river line. A small force infiltrated behind the Indian defences over the Kachrael heights was not enough. A larger force in the same role would have definitely altered the situation.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh">{{citation\|last=Singh \|first=Maj. Gen. Sukhwant \|title=1971: Assessment of campaign in the Western Sector \|magazine=Indian Defence Review \|date=20 May 2018 \|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/1971-assessment-of-campaign-in-the-western-sector/}}</ref>		Armour was not used in a concentrated manner, and artillery fire was spread all over instead of focusing on one objective at a time. Beaufre would have liked at least two brigades to attack simultaneously in the initial phase, followed by at least one brigade and a couple of armoured regiments to break through after securing the river line. A small force infiltrated behind the Indian defences over the Kachrael heights was not enough. A larger force in the same role would have definitely altered the situation.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh">{{citation\|last=Singh \|first=Maj. Gen. Sukhwant \|title=1971: Assessment of campaign in the Western Sector \|magazine=Indian Defence Review \|date=20 May 2018 \|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/1971-assessment-of-campaign-in-the-western-sector/}}</ref>

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	{{Military of Pakistan}}		{{Military of Pakistan}}

			{{Tank battles\|style=wide}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Chamb}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Chamb}}
	[[Category:Conflicts in 1971]]		[[Category:Conflicts in 1971]]

218.186.135.10 at 10:10, 2 June 2021

2021-06-02T10:10:33Z

New page

{{short description|Battle of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
{{Cite check|date=October 2018}}
{{Original research|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Chamb
| image = Chamb101.jpg
| image_size = 350px
| caption = [[Computer graphics|Digitized]] map of the Chamb sector in [[Kashmir]] with the rough area captured by Pakistan hatched in yellow
| partof = the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] (Western Front)
| date = December 1971
| place = Chamb, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]] (present−day [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Pakistan]])
| coordinates = {{coord|32.838|N|74.404|E|display=inline,title}}
| result = Pakistani victory<ref name="v">{{cite book|title=The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective|author=Brigadier Amar Cheema|year=2015|isbn=978-81-7062-301-4|publisher=Lancer Publishers|page=297–298|quote=The contention that this was the most serious reverse for India in the war is also correct as it was here that Pakistan could maximise their territorial gains amounting to some 400 Sq. Km.... The way it ultimately planned out, Chamb was the only sector in J&K where the Indian forces suffered setback and this was attributable to Indian operational stance and inadequate preparation for the defensive battle for which the formation had been mandated.....Loss of territory in the sector for both sides was unacceptable, yet it was India who let this happen.}}</ref><ref name="js">{{cite book|title=Indian Gunners at War:The Western Front 1971|author=Major General Jagjit Singh|year=1994|publisher=Lancer Publishers|quote=The saga of Chamb had come to an end. Despite defeat, 191 infantry brigade under the leadership of Brigadier Jasbir Singh (later Lieutenant General) had fought splendidly against, heavy odds.|page=88}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm|title=Three Indian blunders in 1971 war|quote=In the 1971 war in Kashmir, Pakistan gained some territory in Chhamb as the Indian Army poised for an offensive was caught off guard by the Pakistani attack.|date=11 December 2011|work=Rediff India}}</ref>
| combatant1 = {{IND}}
| combatant2 = {{PAK}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg|size=23px}} [[Major general|Maj. Gen.]] Jaswant Singh
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|size=23px}} [[Major general|Maj. Gen.]] [[Iftikhar Janjua]] [[Killed in action|†]]
| strength1 = *4th Infantry Brigade<ref name="IA">{{cite book|title=Indian Army After Independence|author=Major K.C. Parval|publisher=Lancer Publisher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdxDcxj_wn4C&q=Chhamb|isbn=9781935501619}}</ref>
*6 Artillery Regiments<ref name="IA"/>
*3 Armoured Divisions<ref name="js"/> (mainly composed of [[T-54]] and [[T-55]])<ref name="v"/>
*2nd Engineer Regiment<ref name="IA"/>
*9th [[Para (Special Forces)|Para SF]] Brigade<ref name="IA"/>
*1st Guided Missiles Company<ref name="js"/>
| strength2 = *5th Infantry Brigade<ref name="js"/>
*11 Artillery Regiments<ref name="js"/>
*2nd Armoured Brigade<ref name="js"/> (mainly composed of [[Type 59 tank]])<ref name="v"/>
| casualties1 = 72 killed 15 wounded Several [[tank|tanks]], [[artillery]] and [[military vehicle|military vehicles]] destroyed or captured
| casualties2 = 60 killed 80 wounded 4 [[tank|tanks]], several [[military vehicle|military vehicles]] destroyed
| territory = Pakistan captures around {{convert|120|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of Indian territory
| map_mark = red_pog.svg
| map_type = Kashmir
| map_label = Chamb
| map_caption = Location of the battle with present−day geopolitical borders in the [[Kashmir]] region
| map_size = 250px
}}
{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}

The '''Battle of Chamb, 1971''' was a battle in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. The [[Pakistan Army]] invaded Chamb on the same principle as the [[Operation Grand Slam|Battle of Chamb (1965)]]. The Pakistan Army's primary objective was to capture the town of Chamb and surrounding areas which had strategic importance for both Pakistan and India.

Before the capture of Chamb by Pakistan forces, this western sector was under India's control. Similar to 1965, plans were made to capture this strategic town. The reason behind this plan was to deter Indians from attacking the crucial north-south line of communications passing via Gujrat. The 23 Division of Pakistan was given the task of protecting this sector and later attacking the Chamb-Dewa sectors. On the Indian side, the 10th Division was given the task of defence of Chamb; the Indian army believed that by attacking Gujrat and Tanda, they could guarantee the defence of Chamb. In comparison to 1965, the Indians were better prepared in terms of defences and now realized the importance of the town and sector.<ref>{{cite book|author=Lt. Col. Muhammad Usman Hassan |chapter-url=http://pakdef.org/battle-lore-on-breakthrough-in-chamb/|chapter=Battle Lore – On Breakthrough in Chamb |title=Soldiers Speak, Selected Articles from Pakistan Army Journal 1956-1981 |publisher=Army Education Press, GHQ, Rawalpindi}}</ref>

Brigadier Amar Cheema of the [[Indian Army]], while comparing the strength of two countries during the battle, claimed that the [[Indian Armed Forces]] had superior tanks such as [[T-55]] and [[T-54]] who were equipped with 100 mm guns. They were said to be far superior to those of the Pakistani [[Type 59 tank]].<ref name="v"/> The T-55 Tanks also possessed pads{{clarify|date=October 2019}} ammunition firing capability which the Type 59 tank did not have. The T-55 had far superior stabilisation system.<ref name=defencejournal>{{Cite web|url=http://defencejournal.com/sept99/chamb.htm|title=The Battle of Chamb-1971}}</ref> Cheema also claims that there was near parity in terms of artillery but when it came to infantry Pakistan army had less soldiers than the Indian army during the battle. He states that 'it was this battle which helped in sustaining the morale of Pakistan army. The Indians, on the other hand, describe it as a most serious reverse suffered in the 1971 war'.<ref name="v"/>

Under the [[Simla Agreement]], signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972; Pakistan retained the territory it captured in the Chamb sector whereas India retained the territory it captured on the Pakistani side of the ceasefire line opposite the Kargil sector.<ref>
{{Cite web|title=IPCS {{!}} Institute Of Peace & Conflict Studies|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/indo-pak/kargil-loc-and-the-simla-agreement-210.html|access-date=2020-09-11|website=www.ipcs.org}}</ref>

Later Gen Andre Beaufre (Retired) of the French Army, who was invited by Pakistan and remained there throughout the war and who also later went to India by invitation and toured the battlefields after the ceasefire felt that it was difficult to get an accurate picture because both India and Pakistan grossly exaggerated the casualties in men and material inflicted on the adversary.{{cn|date=October 2018}}
He gave two examples to support his view. The Pakistani commanders in the Chhamb sector claimed that a brigade of four battalions supported by a regiment of armour and five artillery regiments had annihilated an Indian infantry brigade and captured many tanks, a large number of other vehicles and large quantities of arms and equipment. Some pictures shown to him in support of these claims appeared to him to be the product of trick photography. He visited the Chhamb sector soon after the main battle but did not see much captured equipment, and it certainly bore no relation to the much-publicized Pakistani claims.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/>

According to Gen Beaufre, the Pakistani offensive in the Chhamb sector lacked boldness. Their forces moved slowly, and because of inadequate training and faulty planning, marrying of infantry and armour was delayed and resulted in a halt at the Manawar Wali Tawi, thus giving the Indians time to reinforce their position. Pakistan attacked positions west of the river with four battalions supported by one armoured regiment and five artillery regiments.
Armour was not used in a concentrated manner, and artillery fire was spread all over instead of focusing on one objective at a time. Beaufre would have liked at least two brigades to attack simultaneously in the initial phase, followed by at least one brigade and a couple of armoured regiments to break through after securing the river line. A small force infiltrated behind the Indian defences over the Kachrael heights was not enough. A larger force in the same role would have definitely altered the situation.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh">{{citation|last=Singh |first=Maj. Gen. Sukhwant |title=1971: Assessment of campaign in the Western Sector |magazine=Indian Defence Review |date=20 May 2018 |url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/1971-assessment-of-campaign-in-the-western-sector/}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
* {{citation|last=VSM|first=Brig Amar Cheema|title=The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qc25BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA297|date=31 March 2015|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-81-7062-301-4|pages=297–}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090323054617/http://www.defencejournal.com/sept99/chamb.htm The Battle of Chamb-1971]

{{Military of India}}
{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Chamb}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:November 1971 events in Asia]]
[[Category:December 1971 events in Asia]]