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{{Short description|Battle in Rajasthan, India between 1222 and 1229}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Bhutala
| place = Bhutala, [[Rajasthan]]
| result = [[Rajput]] victory
| combatant1 = {{tree list}} [[Rajput|Rajput Confederacy]]
**[[Guhila dynasty]]
**[[Vaghela dynasty]]
**[[Paramaras of Chandravati|Paramaras]]
**[[Chahamanas of Jalore|Chahamanas]]
{{tree list/end}}
| combatant2 = [[File:Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg|25px]] [[Delhi sultanate]]
| commander1 = [[Jaitrasimha]]<br>Viradhavala<br>Dharavarsa<br>[[Udayasimha]]
| commander2 = [[Iltutmish]]
| date = 1222 / 1229
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| partof = List of wars between the Kingdom of Mewar and the Delhi Sultanate
}}

The '''Battle of Bhutala''' took place in modern-day [[Rajasthan]] between Maharawal [[Jaitrasimha]] of [[Mewar]] and Sultan [[Iltutmish]] of [[Delhi sultanate|the Delhi sultanate]] somewhere between 1222 and 1229 A.D.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106 |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |pages=81}}</ref> Initially, Mewar suffered from invasion and the capital was destroyed, but [[Jaitrasimha]], supported by Viradhavala of Dholaka and his allies [[Udayasimha]], the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Chahamana]] ruler of [[Jalor]], Dharavarsa, the [[Paramaras of Chandravati|Paramara]] ruler of [[Abu Road|Abu]], and others, forced the retreat of the sultan without achieving his end.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Srivastav Ashoka .k |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.66317 |title=Khalji Sultans In Rajasthan |date=1981 |pages=8}}</ref>

==Background==

After the defeat of [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamanas of Shakhambhari]] in 1192, several attempts were made to annex portions of [[Rajasthan]]. During the short and unstable reign of [[Aram Shah]], the Rajput clans of Rajasthan appeared to reclaim much of their former prominence. However, [[Iltutmish]], the new and dynamic Sultan of Delhi, was not content with merely maintaining the territories in Rajasthan that he had inherited.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106 |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |pages=81–84}}</ref> Instead, he launched significant efforts to expand his control into the western regions of the region. After solidifying his authority in Delhi, Iltutmish directed his focus towards Rajasthan, initiating campaigns to assert his dominance over the area.<ref name="Srivastav Ashoka .k 1981 7–8">{{Cite book |last=Srivastav Ashoka .k |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.66317 |title=Khalji Sultans In Rajasthan |date=1981 |pages=7–8}}</ref>

==Battle==
===Hostilities===
King Viradhaval of Gujarat engaged in hostilities with [[Jaitrasimha|Jaitrasingh]], the ruler of [[Mewar]], who remained defiant, bolstered by his confidence in his military strength. According to historical accounts, during this time, a spy informed King Viradhaval about events in Nagada, where the city had been set ablaze, causing widespread panic. Many residents fled in fear, while others took their own lives. The spy reported that he sought to calm the distressed population by announcing the arrival of Viradhaval with his full army, which allegedly caused the [[Turkic peoples|Turk]] invaders to retreat in disarray. A fierce battle took place at Bhutala, near Nagada, during which Talaraksha Yograj’s eldest son, Pemraj, was killed.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106 |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |pages=82}}</ref><ref name="Srivastav Ashoka .k 1981 7–8"/>

===Inscriptions===
The latter part of the narrative appears to be somewhat exaggerated as it glorifies the author’s generous patron, Viradhaval. Details of this invasion are also recorded in the [[Chirawa]] inscription dated 1278 CE. According to the inscription, a Sultan attacked Nagada, resulting in heavy destruction. Additionally, the Ghaghasa inscription of 1265 CE and the [[Chirawa]] inscription of 1273 CE reveal that the Sultan failed to subdue the pride of [[Jaitrasimha|Jaitrasingh]]. These records suggest that despite initial setbacks, Jaitrasingha rallied his forces, decisively defeated the Sultan's army, and compelled the invaders to retreat.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106 |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |pages=82}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=S. Ramakrishnan |url=http://archive.org/details/struggleforempir05bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 05, The Struggle For Empire |date=2001 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=134}}</ref>

===Texts===
The invader is referred to in the text as ''Milachchhrikara''. According to [[Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha|G.H. Ojha]], this term is a Sanskritized version of ''Amir-i-Shikar'', a title attributed to [[Iltutmish]] in the ''[[Tabaqat-i-Nasiri]]''. However, O.R. Barnett and [[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri|H.C. Ray]] dispute this identification, arguing that ''Milachchhrikara'' cannot phonetically derive from ''Amir-i-Shikar''. [[Dasharatha Sharma]], on the other hand, interprets it as a ''[[Paishachi]]'' form.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106 |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |pages=82}}</ref>

===Dates===
Regarding the date of this invasion, G.H. Ojha places the event around 1229 CE, while [[Dasharatha Sharma]] suggests 1222 CE. Sharma bases his conclusion on the fact that [[Vastupala]], the chief organizer of the anti-Muslim confederacy, was the governor of Cambay (now [[Khambat]]) during the invasion. Since Vastupal held this position between 1219 and 1222 and was removed in 1222, Sharma argues that the incursion could not have occurred after that year. However, the [[Charbhuja]] temple inscription of Nandesama, dated 1222 CE, mentions [[Jaitrasimha|Jaitrasingh]] as having his capital at Nagada.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106 |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |pages=82}}</ref>

Given that [[Jaitrasimha|Jaitrasingh]] relocated his capital to [[Ahar, Rajasthan|Ahar]] after the invasion, the event is unlikely to have occurred in 1222. A more detailed account of the invasion is found in the ''Hamir-Mada-Mardan'', a contemporary work completed in 1229 CE. Therefore, the invasion is most likely to have occurred between 1222 and 1229 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=BANARJEE |first=ANIL CHANDRA |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12693 |title=MEDIEVAL STUDIES |date=1958 |publisher=A. MUKHARJEE AND COMPANY, CALCUTTA |pages=28–29}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14106 |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |pages=82}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
After the destruction of Nagada, [[Jaitrasimha]] abandoned the city, and the capital of [[Mewar]] was moved to [[Chittor]]. Iltutmish was decisively defeated by the [[Guhilot]] prince, which prevented him from attempting to invade the region again during his reign. Jaitrasingh successfully captured the territory of Vagada and granted it to his son, Sihad. While [[Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha|G.H. Ojha]] and Dashrath Sharma have suggested that Sihad was the grandson of Samantsingh of Mewar, this claim is not supported by earlier epigraphic sources. The Uparganva inscription of 1404 CE confirms that Jaitrasingh conquered [[Vagad]]a and assigned it to Sihad. Other inscriptions also reference Jaitrasingh as the father of Sihad, identifying him as none other than Jaitrasingh of Mewar. After this, [[Mewar]] became a challenging region for many Turkish sultans of Delhi due to its difficult terrain and strong fortresses.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
*[[Second Battle of Tarain]]
*[[Iltutmish]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of Bhutala}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1222]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1229]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]
[[Category:Battles involving India]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:13th century in India]]
[[Category:1220s conflicts]]
[[Category:1220s in Asia]]
[[Category:Delhi Sultanate]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]

Battle of Bhutala - Revision history

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