Battle of Ambur - Revision history

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			{{Short description\|1749 battle of the Second Carnatic War}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2021}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=May 2012}}		{{More citations needed\|date=May 2012}}
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	\|result =Allied victory		\|result =Allied victory
	\|status =		\|status =
	\|combatant1 = Mughal Empire ~~defecto~~		\|combatant1 = [[Mughal Empire]]
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Nawab of Arcot]]		* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Nawab of Arcot]]
	\|combatant2 =[[File:~~Pavillon royal de la~~ France.svg\|18px]] [[Kingdom of France]]		\|combatant2 =[[File:Royal Flag of France.svg\|18px]] [[Kingdom of France]]
	* [[File:Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png\|15px]] [[French ~~East India~~ Company]]		* [[File:Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png\|15px]] [[French Indies Company]]
	<hr/>		<hr/>
	* [[Chanda Sahib]]		* [[Chanda Sahib]]
	* [[Muzaffar Jung]]		* [[Muzaffar Jung]]
	\|commander1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan\|Anwaruddin Khan]] {{KIA}}		\|commander1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan\|Anwaruddin Khan]] {{KIA}}
	\|commander2 =[[File:~~Pavillon royal de la~~ France.svg\|18px]] [[Joseph François Dupleix]]<br>[[File:~~Pavillon royal de la~~ France.svg\|18px]] [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau\|De Bussy]]<br>		\|commander2 =[[File:Royal Flag of France.svg\|18px]] [[Joseph François Dupleix]]<br>[[File:Royal Flag of France.svg\|18px]] [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau\|De Bussy]]<br>
	<hr/>		<hr/>
			[[Mughal Empire]]
	* [[Chanda Sahib]]		* [[Chanda Sahib]]
	* [[Muzaffar Jung]]		* [[Muzaffar Jung]]
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	[[Muzaffar Jung]] fled Hyderabad and tried to gain new allies. He received the support of the French Governor-General [[Joseph François Dupleix]], who helped release [[Chanda Sahib]] the son-in-law of [[Dost Ali Khan]], who was imprisoned after being overrun by the [[Maratha]]s and after his father-in-law was killed in the fray. Chanda Sahib sought the investiture of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] by declaring himself ''[[Nawab]] of [[Tinnevelly]]'' and gathered his own army of 3500 men and even received 400 French infantry from Dupleix. Because Muzaffar Jung was the chosen successor of Nizam-ul-Mulk his loyalists exceed 30,000. Together they marched towards [[Arcot]], the capital of the [[Carnatic region\|Carnatic]] and sought to eliminate Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, who supported [[Nasir Jung]]'s claim to the Hyderabadi throne.		[[Muzaffar Jung]] fled Hyderabad and tried to gain new allies. He received the support of the French Governor-General [[Joseph François Dupleix]], who helped release [[Chanda Sahib]] the son-in-law of [[Dost Ali Khan]], who was imprisoned after being overrun by the [[Maratha]]s and after his father-in-law was killed in the fray. Chanda Sahib sought the investiture of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] by declaring himself ''[[Nawab]] of [[Tinnevelly]]'' and gathered his own army of 3500 men and even received 400 French infantry from Dupleix. Because Muzaffar Jung was the chosen successor of Nizam-ul-Mulk his loyalists exceed 30,000. Together they marched towards [[Arcot]], the capital of the [[Carnatic region\|Carnatic]] and sought to eliminate Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, who supported [[Nasir Jung]]'s claim to the Hyderabadi throne.

	Instead of entrenching himself in Arcot, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan decided to advance towards the allied forces with his own 20,000 battle-strong army.~~<ref name="google">~~{{~~cite book\|title=The Cambridge History of the British Empire\|author1=Rose, J.H.\|author2=Newton, A.P.\|author3=Benians, E.A.\|author4=Dodwell, H.~~\|date=~~1929\|volume=1\|publisher=Macmillan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ\|page=126\|accessdate=2014-11-26~~}}~~</ref>~~		Instead of entrenching himself in Arcot, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan decided to advance towards the allied forces with his own 20,000 battle-strong army.{{Cn\|date=May 2024}}

	== Battle ==		== Battle ==
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	== Aftermath ==		== Aftermath ==
	[[Image:French India 1741-1754.png\|280px\|thumb\|[[French ~~East India~~ Company]] influence 1741–1754.]]		[[Image:French India 1741-1754.png\|280px\|thumb\|[[French Indies Company]] influence 1741–1754.]]
	The Battle of Ambur convincingly demonstrated the superiority of European arms and methods of discipline and infantry warfare.		The Battle of Ambur convincingly demonstrated the superiority of European arms and methods of discipline and infantry warfare.{{Citation needed\|date=February 2024}}

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	*[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]		*[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]

	== References ==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

			==External links==
			*{{Commonscatinline\|Battle of Ambur}}

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	[[Category:1749 in India]]		[[Category:1749 in India]]
	[[Category:Conflicts in 1749\|Ambur]]		[[Category:Conflicts in 1749\|Ambur]]
			[[Category:1740s in the Mughal Empire]]

>Dawnseeker2000: date format audit, link maintenance

2021-04-27T18:08:03Z

date format audit, link maintenance

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2012}}
{{infobox military conflict
|conflict =Battle of Ambur
|partof =the [[Second Carnatic War]]
|image =[[File:Death of the Nabob of the Carnatic by Paul Philippoteaux.jpg|200px|Death of [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan]]]]
|caption =Engraving depicting the death of the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]] at Ambur (also note: the [[sharpshooter]] upon the elephants)
|date =3 August 1749
|place =[[Ambur]]
|coordinates =
|map_type =
|map_relief =
|latitude =
|longitude =
|map_size =
|map_marksize =
|map_caption =
|map_label =
|territory =[[Chanda Sahib]] is declared the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]]
|result =Allied victory
|status =
|combatant1 = Mughal Empire defecto
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Nawab of Arcot]]
|combatant2 =[[File:Pavillon royal de la France.svg|18px]] [[Kingdom of France]]
* [[File:Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png|15px]] [[French East India Company]]
<hr/>
* [[Chanda Sahib]]
* [[Muzaffar Jung]]
|commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan|Anwaruddin Khan]] {{KIA}}
|commander2 =[[File:Pavillon royal de la France.svg|18px]] [[Joseph François Dupleix]]<br>[[File:Pavillon royal de la France.svg|18px]] [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau|De Bussy]]<br>
<hr/>
* [[Chanda Sahib]]
* [[Muzaffar Jung]]
|units1 =
|units2 =
|strength1 =20,000 total<br>100 [[war elephant]]s
|strength2 =36,000 total<br>400 Frenchmen
|casualties1 =4,000
|casualties2 =1,500
|notes =
|campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Second Carnatic War}}
}}
The '''Battle of Ambur''' (3 August 1749) was the first major battle of the [[Second Carnatic War]].<ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=155}}</ref>

The battle was initiated by [[Muzaffar Jung]] and supported by [[Joseph François Dupleix]] and led by [[Chanda Sahib]], who sought to overthrow [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan]], the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]], for supporting [[Nasir Jung]]'s claim to be [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]. French forces were decisive in giving the allies victory; Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan was killed in the battle and Chanda Sahib seized control of the Carnatic.

== Background ==
Since the beginning of the [[Second Carnatic War]] [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan]], the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]], had warned the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] of an irreversible power struggle in the Carnatic and how he wanted his interests to be legitimized by [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam-ul-Mulk]], the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] who had nominated him in the first place.

Nizam-ul-Mulk died in 1748 and was succeeded as Nizam by his grandson [[Muzaffar Jung]]. This decision was confirmed by the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] but rejected by [[Nasir Jung]], Nizam-ul-Mulk's son, who captured the city of [[Hyderabad]] after a coup.

[[Muzaffar Jung]] fled Hyderabad and tried to gain new allies. He received the support of the French Governor-General [[Joseph François Dupleix]], who helped release [[Chanda Sahib]] the son-in-law of [[Dost Ali Khan]], who was imprisoned after being overrun by the [[Maratha]]s and after his father-in-law was killed in the fray. Chanda Sahib sought the investiture of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] by declaring himself ''[[Nawab]] of [[Tinnevelly]]'' and gathered his own army of 3500 men and even received 400 French infantry from Dupleix. Because Muzaffar Jung was the chosen successor of Nizam-ul-Mulk his loyalists exceed 30,000. Together they marched towards [[Arcot]], the capital of the [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]] and sought to eliminate Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, who supported [[Nasir Jung]]'s claim to the Hyderabadi throne.

Instead of entrenching himself in Arcot, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan decided to advance towards the allied forces with his own 20,000 battle-strong army.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Cambridge History of the British Empire|author1=Rose, J.H.|author2=Newton, A.P.|author3=Benians, E.A.|author4=Dodwell, H.|date=1929|volume=1|publisher=Macmillan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ|page=126|accessdate=2014-11-26}}</ref>

== Battle ==
On 3 August 1749, the allied forces of Dupleix, Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung met those of Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan at [[Ambur]]. Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan's forces managed to create a formidable stance by gathering around their [[howdah]]s despite being outnumbered 3 to 1, but it was the disciplined [[France|French]] infantry forces led by De Bussy that completely reversed the course of the battle against Khan.<ref name="google2">{{cite book|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|author=Tucker, S.C.|date=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851096725|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC|page=756|accessdate=2014-11-26}}</ref>

Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan was shot and killed in a fierce confrontation while commanding his forces from a [[howdah]]. The next day Muzaffar Jang and Chanda Sahib victoriously entered [[Arcot]] and Chanda Sahib became the next [[Nawab of the Carnatic]]. Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan's son, [[Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah]], fled south to [[Trichinopoly]], where he hid and sought the assistance of the [[Great Britain|British]].

== Aftermath ==
[[Image:French India 1741-1754.png|280px|thumb|[[French East India Company]] influence 1741–1754.]]
The Battle of Ambur convincingly demonstrated the superiority of European arms and methods of discipline and infantry warfare.

== See also ==
*[[Carnatic Wars]]
*[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Battles of the Second Carnatic War|Ambur]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Ambur]]
[[Category:Battles involving the French East India Company|Ambur]]
[[Category:1749 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1749|Ambur]]