Battle of Adyar - Revision history

FranklynDavitt2: general improve page for accuracy additionally and improved wording

2026-03-13T20:43:40Z

general improve page for accuracy additionally and improved wording

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:13, 14 March 2026
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}
			{{short description\|Battle of the First Carnatic War}}
	{{Infobox military conflict		{{Infobox military conflict
	\|conflict =Battle of Adyar		\|conflict =Battle of Adyar
	\|partof = [[Carnatic Wars]] <br> [[First Carnatic War]]		\|partof = [[Carnatic Wars]] <br>[[First Carnatic War]]
	\|image =		\|image =
	\|caption =		\|caption =
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	\|result = French victory		\|result = French victory
	\|status =		\|status =
	\|combatant1 = Mughal Empire		\|combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png\|25px]] '''[[Mughal Empire]]'''
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Nawab of Arcot]]		* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Nawab of Arcot]]
	\|combatant2 =[[File:~~Pavillon royal de la~~ France.svg\|18px]] [[Kingdom of France]]		\|combatant2 =[[File:Royal Flag of France.svg\|18px]] [[Kingdom of France]]
	* [[File:Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png\|15px]] [[French East India Company]]		* [[File:Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png\|15px]] [[French Indies Company\|French East India Company]]
	\|commander1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[~~Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan\|~~Anwaruddin Khan]] <br> {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} Mahfuz Khan		\|commander1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Anwaruddin Khan]] <br> {{flagicon image\|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} Mahfuz Khan
	\|commander2 =[[File:~~Pavillon royal de la~~ France.svg\|18px]] Louis Paradis~~<br>~~		\|commander2 =[[File:Royal Flag of France.svg\|18px]] Louis Paradis
	\|units1 =		\|units1 =
	\|units2 =		\|units2 =
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	\|campaignbox ={{Campaignbox First Carnatic War}}		\|campaignbox ={{Campaignbox First Carnatic War}}
	}}		}}
	The '''Battle of Adyar''' (also the '''Battle of Adyar River")''' took place on 24 October 1746.<ref>{{cite book \| title=The origins of the Sepoy Military System: 1498-1770 \| publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison \| author=Hoover, James W. \| year=1993 \| pages=56}}</ref> The battle was between the [[French East India Company]] men and [[Nawab of the Carnatic\|Nawab of Arcot]] ~~forces~~ over the [[Fort St. George, India\|St. George Fort]], which was held by the French. It was part of the [[First Carnatic War]] between the English and the French.<ref name="Naravane">{{Cite book \|last=Naravane \|first=M.S. \|title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company \|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation \|year=2014 \|isbn=9788131300343 \|pages=153}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|title=The Anarchy :The Relentless Rise of The East India Company\|last=Dalrymple\|first=William\|publisher=Bloomsbury\|year=2019\|location=Great Britain\|pages=52}}</ref>		The '''Battle of Adyar''' (also the '''Battle of Adyar River)''' took place on 24 October 1746.<ref>{{cite book \| title=The origins of the Sepoy Military System: 1498-1770 \| publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison \| author=Hoover, James W. \| year=1993 \| pages=56}}</ref> The battle was between the [[French Indies Company\|French East India Company]] men and forces of [[Nawab of the Carnatic\|Nawab of Arcot]], [[Anwaruddin Khan]] over the [[Fort St. George, India\|St. George Fort]], which was held by the French. It was part of the [[First Carnatic War]] between the English and the French.<ref name="Naravane">{{Cite book \|last=Naravane \|first=M.S. \|title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company \|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation \|year=2014 \|isbn=9788131300343 \|pages=153}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|title=The Anarchy :The Relentless Rise of The East India Company\|last=Dalrymple\|first=William\|publisher=Bloomsbury\|year=2019\|location=Great Britain\|pages=52}}</ref>

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	The French captured [[Fort St. George]] from the [[British East Indian Company]]. Nawab of Arcot, a close ally of the British, set out to regain it by sending troops, led by his son Mahfuz Khan, to [[Madras]]. While leading an army of 10,000, he was dispersed by French forces, forcing him to move south. Khan seized [[Santhome\|San Thomé]] and formed a battle line on the north bank of the [[Adyar River]] on 22 October to prevent the French from moving up reinforcements from [[Pondicherry]].		The French captured [[Fort St. George]] from the [[British East Indian Company]]. Nawab of Arcot, a close ally of the British, set out to regain it by sending troops, led by his son Mahfuz Khan, to [[Madras]]. While leading an army of 10,000, he was dispersed by French forces, forcing him to move south. Khan seized [[Santhome\|San Thomé]] and formed a battle line on the north bank of the [[Adyar River]] on 22 October to prevent the French from moving up reinforcements from [[Puducherry (city)\|Pondicherry]].

	==Battle==		==Battle==
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	On 24 October, Paradis was informed that a similar sized army led by de le Tour was on its way from St. George Fort. He decided to ford the [[Adayar river]] to attack the rear of Mahfuz Khan's battle line. de la Tour arrived too late to support Paradis, who with disciplined firing and then charging with bayonets, broke the Nawab's line. Mahfuz Khan's troops fled and the Battle of the Adyar River, which began on the morning of 24 October 1746, ended that evening with the French retaining control over Fort St. George.<ref>{{cite news \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-arts/chen-history-and-culture/madras-miscellany-the-battle-of-the-adyar/article4130267.ece \| title=Madras Miscellany: The Battle of the Adyar \| work=The Hindu \| date=November 25, 2012 \| access-date=11 December 2014 \| author=Muthiah, S}}</ref>		On 24 October, Paradis was informed that a similar sized army led by de le Tour was on its way from St. George Fort. He decided to ford the [[Adayar river]] to attack the rear of Mahfuz Khan's battle line. de la Tour arrived too late to support Paradis, who with disciplined firing and then charging with bayonets, broke the Nawab's line. Mahfuz Khan's troops fled and the Battle of the Adyar River, which began on the morning of 24 October 1746, ended that evening with the French retaining control over Fort St. George.<ref>{{cite news \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-arts/chen-history-and-culture/madras-miscellany-the-battle-of-the-adyar/article4130267.ece \| title=Madras Miscellany: The Battle of the Adyar \| work=The Hindu \| date=November 25, 2012 \| access-date=11 December 2014 \| author=Muthiah, S}}</ref>

			==Significance==
			The battle of Adyar was one of the first that illustrated the overwhelming superiority of 18th century European military firepower in the Indian sub-continent, while also demonstrating that even a sizeable cavalry force was no match for a well-equipped, disciplined infantry. The [[Flintlock mechanism\|flintlock]] [[musket]] and a flexible and mobile artillery enabled around one thousand defenders of the French-held fort to vanquish ten thousand Mughal troops.<ref>{{cite news \|last=Kolappan \|first=B \|date=August 23, 2019 \|title=The Battle of Adyar, a turning point in Indian history \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-battle-of-adyar-a-turning-point-in-indian-history/article29225859.ece \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|location=[[Chennai]] \|access-date=October 8, 2022}}</ref>

			After the battle cemented the French position in Madras, they and the English continued to [[Siege of Cuddalore (1748)\|spar]] over French-controlled [[Puducherry (city)\|Pondicherry]] and British-held [[Fort St. David]] without either side gaining territory. The [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)\|Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle]] resulted in the French handing Madras back to the British, in exchange for [[Louisbourg]] in 1748.

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:1746 in India]]		[[Category:1746 in India]]
	[[Category:First Carnatic War]]		[[Category:First Carnatic War]]


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>Moneytrees: Undid revision 977239914 by Esesem (talk)copyvio from https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-battle-of-adyar-a-turning-point-in-indian-history/article29225859.ece

2021-05-18T03:48:09Z

Undid revision 977239914 by Esesem (talk)copyvio from https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-battle-of-adyar-a-turning-point-in-indian-history/article29225859.ece

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:18, 18 May 2021
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	On 24 October, Paradis was informed that a similar sized army led by de le Tour was on its way from St. George Fort. He decided to ford the [[Adayar river]] to attack the rear of Mahfuz Khan's battle line. de la Tour arrived too late to support Paradis, who with disciplined firing and then charging with bayonets, broke the Nawab's line. Mahfuz Khan's troops fled and the Battle of the Adyar River, which began on the morning of 24 October 1746, ended that evening with the French retaining control over Fort St. George.<ref>{{cite news \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-arts/chen-history-and-culture/madras-miscellany-the-battle-of-the-adyar/article4130267.ece \| title=Madras Miscellany: The Battle of the Adyar \| work=The Hindu \| date=November 25, 2012 \| access-date=11 December 2014 \| author=Muthiah, S}}</ref>		On 24 October, Paradis was informed that a similar sized army led by de le Tour was on its way from St. George Fort. He decided to ford the [[Adayar river]] to attack the rear of Mahfuz Khan's battle line. de la Tour arrived too late to support Paradis, who with disciplined firing and then charging with bayonets, broke the Nawab's line. Mahfuz Khan's troops fled and the Battle of the Adyar River, which began on the morning of 24 October 1746, ended that evening with the French retaining control over Fort St. George.<ref>{{cite news \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-arts/chen-history-and-culture/madras-miscellany-the-battle-of-the-adyar/article4130267.ece \| title=Madras Miscellany: The Battle of the Adyar \| work=The Hindu \| date=November 25, 2012 \| access-date=11 December 2014 \| author=Muthiah, S}}</ref>

	The humiliating defeat made the Nawab realize the impotency of Indian armoury against European techniques of warfare. According to [[William Dalrymple (historian)]], it was immediately clear that nothing in the Mughal armoury could match the techniques of 18th century European warfare, particularly the “invention of screws for elevating the guns gave the artillery greater precision and increased the fire power of the foot soldier, giving them an edge in the battle against the cavalry.”

	It showed that a small body of infantry armed with the new flintlock muskets and bayonets and supported by quick-firing mobile artillery, could now scatter a whole army just as easily as they could in Europe. This battle is a turning point in Indian history because for the first time, techniques of 18th century European warfare, developed in Prussia and tested on the battlefields of France and Flanders, had been tried out in India.<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Kolappan\|first=B.\|date=2019-08-23\|title=The Battle of Adyar, a turning point in Indian history\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-battle-of-adyar-a-turning-point-in-indian-history/article29225859.ece\|access-date=2020-09-07\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 5 templates: hyphenate params (1×);

2020-12-30T18:37:58Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 5 templates: hyphenate params (1×);

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict =Battle of Adyar
|partof = [[Carnatic Wars]] <br> [[First Carnatic War]]
|image =
|caption =
|date = 24 October 1746
|place =[[Adyar river]]
|coordinates =
|map_type =
|map_relief =
|latitude =
|longitude =
|map_size =
|map_marksize =
|map_caption =
|map_label =
|territory = Nawab of Arcot defeated
|result = French victory
|status =
|combatant1 = Mughal Empire
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Nawab of Arcot]]
|combatant2 =[[File:Pavillon royal de la France.svg|18px]] [[Kingdom of France]]
* [[File:Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png|15px]] [[French East India Company]]
|commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan|Anwaruddin Khan]] <br> {{flagicon image|Flag of the principality of Carnatic.gif}} Mahfuz Khan
|commander2 =[[File:Pavillon royal de la France.svg|18px]] Louis Paradis<br>
|units1 =
|units2 =
|strength1 = 10,000 infantry and cavalry
|strength2 = 350 French soldiers<br/>700 French-trained Indian Sepoys
|casualties1 = 300
|casualties2 = 2 Sepoys killed
|notes =
|campaignbox ={{Campaignbox First Carnatic War}}
}}
The '''Battle of Adyar''' (also the '''Battle of Adyar River")''' took place on 24 October 1746.<ref>{{cite book | title=The origins of the Sepoy Military System: 1498-1770 | publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison | author=Hoover, James W. | year=1993 | pages=56}}</ref> The battle was between the [[French East India Company]] men and [[Nawab of the Carnatic|Nawab of Arcot]] forces over the [[Fort St. George, India|St. George Fort]], which was held by the French. It was part of the [[First Carnatic War]] between the English and the French.<ref name="Naravane">{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=153}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Anarchy :The Relentless Rise of The East India Company|last=Dalrymple|first=William|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2019|location=Great Britain|pages=52}}</ref>

== Background ==
The French captured [[Fort St. George]] from the [[British East Indian Company]]. Nawab of Arcot, a close ally of the British, set out to regain it by sending troops, led by his son Mahfuz Khan, to [[Madras]]. While leading an army of 10,000, he was dispersed by French forces, forcing him to move south. Khan seized [[Santhome|San Thomé]] and formed a battle line on the north bank of the [[Adyar River]] on 22 October to prevent the French from moving up reinforcements from [[Pondicherry]].

==Battle==
Led by the Swiss engineering officer, Major Louis Paradis, some 350 French and 700 French-trained Indian troops force marched from Pondicherry, crossed [[Quibble Island]] and took positions on the south bank of the [[Adyar River]] and faced ineffective artillery fire from Khan's forces.

On 24 October, Paradis was informed that a similar sized army led by de le Tour was on its way from St. George Fort. He decided to ford the [[Adayar river]] to attack the rear of Mahfuz Khan's battle line. de la Tour arrived too late to support Paradis, who with disciplined firing and then charging with bayonets, broke the Nawab's line. Mahfuz Khan's troops fled and the Battle of the Adyar River, which began on the morning of 24 October 1746, ended that evening with the French retaining control over Fort St. George.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-arts/chen-history-and-culture/madras-miscellany-the-battle-of-the-adyar/article4130267.ece | title=Madras Miscellany: The Battle of the Adyar | work=The Hindu | date=November 25, 2012 | access-date=11 December 2014 | author=Muthiah, S}}</ref>

The humiliating defeat made the Nawab realize the impotency of Indian armoury against European techniques of warfare. According to [[William Dalrymple (historian)]], it was immediately clear that nothing in the Mughal armoury could match the techniques of 18th century European warfare, particularly the “invention of screws for elevating the guns gave the artillery greater precision and increased the fire power of the foot soldier, giving them an edge in the battle against the cavalry.”

It showed that a small body of infantry armed with the new flintlock muskets and bayonets and supported by quick-firing mobile artillery, could now scatter a whole army just as easily as they could in Europe. This battle is a turning point in Indian history because for the first time, techniques of 18th century European warfare, developed in Prussia and tested on the battlefields of France and Flanders, had been tried out in India.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kolappan|first=B.|date=2019-08-23|title=The Battle of Adyar, a turning point in Indian history|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-battle-of-adyar-a-turning-point-in-indian-history/article29225859.ece|access-date=2020-09-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adyar, Battle of}}
[[Category:Battles involving France]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1746]]
[[Category:1746 in India]]
[[Category:First Carnatic War]]

{{France-battle-stub}}
{{India-hist-stub}}