WikiDwarf: Removing from Category:Poisonous plants using Cat-a-lot

2023-05-22T03:14:17Z

Removing from Category:Poisonous plants using Cat-a-lot

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:44, 22 May 2023
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	[[Category:Trees of Taiwan]]		[[Category:Trees of Taiwan]]
	[[Category:Flora of the Zanzibar Archipelago]]		[[Category:Flora of the Zanzibar Archipelago]]
	~~[[Category:National Symbols Of the Independent Republic of Chagossia Nation-Island State]]~~
	[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]		[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
	[[Category:Ericales of Australia]]		[[Category:Ericales of Australia]]
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	[[Category:Flora of the Northern Territory]]		[[Category:Flora of the Northern Territory]]
	[[Category:Taxa named by Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz]]		[[Category:Taxa named by Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz]]
	~~[[Category:Poisonous plants]]~~

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2022-10-07T11:56:17Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 7 October 2022
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	[[Category:Trees of Taiwan]]		[[Category:Trees of Taiwan]]
	[[Category:Flora of the Zanzibar Archipelago]]		[[Category:Flora of the Zanzibar Archipelago]]
			[[Category:National Symbols Of the Independent Republic of Chagossia Nation-Island State]]
	[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]		[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
	[[Category:Ericales of Australia]]		[[Category:Ericales of Australia]]

122.118.193.54 at 02:19, 29 August 2022

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New page

{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{for|the settlement in the Philippines|Putat, Cebu}}
{{for|the village in Brunei|Kampong Putat}}
{{Speciesbox
|image =Barringtonia asiatica Md Sharif Hossain Sourav.jpg
|image_caption =Flower and leaf, Bangladesh
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Razafiniary, V. |date=2021 |title=''Barringtonia asiatica'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T31339A166509744 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T31339A166509744.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
|taxon = Barringtonia asiatica
|authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz|Kurz]]<ref name=trop1> Under its treatment as ''Barringtonia asiatica'' (from its basionym ''Mammea asiatica'' L.), this species was published in ''Preliminary Report on the Forest and other Vegetation of Pegu'' App. A: 65. 1875. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17900286 |title=Name - ''Barringtonia asiatica'' (L.) Kurz |work=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |accessdate=November 1, 2011}}</ref>
|synonyms = *''Agasta asiatica'' (L.) Miers
*''Agasta indica'' Miers
*''Agasta splendida'' Miers
*''Barringtonia butonica'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
*''Barringtonia levequii'' Jard. [Invalid]
*''Barringtonia littorea'' Oken [Illegitimate]
*''Barringtonia senequei'' Jard.
*''Barringtonia speciosa'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
*''Barringtonia speciosa'' L. f.
*''Butonica speciosa'' (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Lam.
*''Huttum speciosum'' (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Britten
*''Mammea asiatica'' L. Sy
*''Michelia asiatica'' (L.) Kuntze
*''Mitraria commersonia'' J.F.Gmel.
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=TPL>{{ThePlantList | id = kew-313402 | taxon = Barringtonia asiatica | authority = (L.) Kurz | accessdate = 23 Mar 2016 }}</ref>
}}

'''''Barringtonia asiatica''''' ('''fish poison tree''',<ref name=sbwr>{{ cite web |author=Ria Tan |title=Sea Poison Tree |work=Mangrove and wetland wildlife at Sungei Buloh Nature Park |year=2001 |location=Singapore |url=http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/plants/sea_poison.htm |accessdate=August 23, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202005137/http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/plants/sea_poison.htm | archivedate=December 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate=November 1, 2011}}</ref> '''putat'''<ref name=sbwr/> or '''sea poison tree'''<ref name=sbwr/>) is a species of ''[[Barringtonia]]'' native to [[mangrove]] habitats from islands of the Indian Ocean in the west to tropical Asia and islands of the western Pacific Ocean.<ref name=sbwr/><ref name=grin/> It is grown along streets for decorative and shade purposes in some parts of India, for instance in some towns on the southeastern shore. It is also known as Box Fruit due to the distinct box-shaped fruit it produces.<ref name=thiel2004>{{cite book|author1=Thiel, M. |author2=Gutow, L. |year=2004 |title=The ecology of rafting in the marine environment. I. |volume=42 |pages=181–263 |doi=10.1201/9780203507810.ch6 |url=http://epic.awi.de/Publications/Thi2004a.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724175326/http://epic.awi.de/Publications/Thi2004a.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-24 |series=Oceanography and Marine Biology - an Annual Review |hdl=10533/176078 |isbn=978-0-8493-2727-8 |s2cid=55427985 }} Accessed 2009-05-31.</ref> The local name ''futu'' is the source of the name for the Polynesian island [[Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna|Futuna]].<ref>Smith, S. Percy. "Futuna, or Horne Island, and Its People". ''The Journal of the Polynesian Society'', Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 33{{spaced ndash}}52. 1892</ref> The [[type (biology)|type specimen]] was collected by botanist [[Pehr Osbeck]] on a sandy beach area on the island of [[Java]], later to be described (and given the original name of ''Mammea asiatica'') by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in his ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' in 1753<ref name=trop3> ''Mammea asiatica'' L. (the basionym to ''Barringtonia asiatica'') was originally described and published in ''Species Plantarum'' 1: 512–513. 1753. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/7801014 |title=Name - ''Mammea asiatica'' L. |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=Saint Louis, Missouri |accessdate=November 1, 2011}}</ref> (and reassigned to the genus ''[[Barringtonia]]'' by [[Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz|Wilhelm Kurz]] in 1875).<ref name=apni>{{APNI2|id=109676|name=''Barringtonia asiatica''}}</ref><ref name=kurz>{{cite book|author=Kurz, W.S.|date=1875|title= Appendix A: List of Burmese forest trees. Preliminary report on the forest and other vegetation of Pegu|pages=52|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20783718}}</ref>

==Description==
It is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 7–25 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are narrow obovate, 20–40 cm in length and 10–20 cm in width. Fruit produced as mentioned earlier, is otherwise aptly known as the Box Fruit, due to distinct square like diagonals jutting out from the cross section of the fruit, given its semi spherical shape form from stem altering to a subpyramidal shape at its base. The fruit measures 9–11 cm in diameter, where a thick spongy fibrous layer covers the 4–5 cm diameter [[seed]].<ref name=sbwr/><ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014675 ''Barringtonia asiatica'']</ref>

==Ecology==
The fruit is dispersed in the same way as a [[coconut]] – by ocean current – and is extremely water-resistant and buoyant.<ref>Tsou, C-H., and Mori, S.A. "[http://ejournal.sinica.edu.tw/bbas/content/2002/1/bot431-05.pdf Seed coat anatomy and its relationship to seed dispersal in subfamily Lecythidoideae of the Lecythidaceae (The Brazil Nut Family)]." ''Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica.'' Vol. 43, 37-56. 2002. Accessed 2009-05-31.</ref> It can survive afloat for up to fifteen years;<ref name=thiel2004/> it was one of the first plants to colonise [[Krakatoa|Anak Krakatau]] when this island first appeared after the [[Krakatoa|Krakatau]] eruption.<ref name=sbwr/> When washed ashore, and soaked by rainwater, the seeds germinate.

==Human use==
All parts of the tree are [[poison]]ous, the active poisons including [[saponin]]s. Box fruits are potent enough to be used as a fish poison. The seeds are ground to a powder and used to stun or kill fish for easy capture,<ref name=sbwr/> suffocating the fish while the flesh is unaffected.<ref>Thaman, R.R. "[http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/arb/355-364/361.pdf Receptors Batiri kei Baravi: The ethnobotany of the Pacific island coastal plants] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919224957/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/arb/355-364/361.pdf |date=September 19, 2009 }}." ''Atoll Research Bulletin.'' Vol. 361, 1-62. May, 1992. Accessed 2009-05-31.</ref>

==Gallery==
{{gallery
|File:Barringtonia speciosa Blanco2.305.png|Illustration from ''Flora de Filipinas'' by [[Francisco Manuel Blanco]]
|Image:Barringtonia asiatica (seed).jpg|Immature fruit (about fist size)
|File:Barringtonia asiatica flower.jpg|Flower
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q311468}}

[[Category:Barringtonia|asiatica]]
[[Category:Flora of tropical Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of the Pacific]]
[[Category:Flora of the Western Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:Trees of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Flora of the Zanzibar Archipelago]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Ericales of Australia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Flora of the Northern Territory]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]

Barringtonia asiatica - Revision history

WikiDwarf: Removing from Category:Poisonous plants using Cat-a-lot

172.71.178.167: /* References */

122.118.193.54 at 02:19, 29 August 2022