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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	* [[List of volcanoes in India]]		* [[List of volcanoes in India]]

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	{{Other uses\|Barren Island (disambiguation){{!}}Barren Island}}		{{Other uses\|Barren Island (disambiguation){{!}}Barren Island}}
	{{Cleanup bare URLs\|date=June 2021}}		{{Cleanup bare URLs\|date=June 2021}}
	~~[[File:Barren island.jpg\|thumb\|Top view]]~~
	{{Infobox islands		{{Infobox islands
	\| name = Barren Island		\| name = Barren Island

>Hunnjazal: South Asia definition is vaguer and can include other areas

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South Asia definition is vaguer and can include other areas

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{{Other uses|Barren Island (disambiguation){{!}}Barren Island}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=June 2021}}
[[File:Barren island.jpg|thumb|Top view]]
{{Infobox islands
| name = Barren Island
| native_name =
| native_name_link =
| native_name_lang =
| sobriquet =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_width =
| map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands#Bay of Bengal
| map_caption = Location of Barren Island
| coordinates = {{coord|12.28|N|93.86|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| archipelago = [[Andaman Islands]]
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]
| total_islands = 1
| major_islands = {{hlist|Barren Island }}
| area_km2 = 8.34
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman|access-date=2016-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-28|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| rank =
| length_km = 3.4
| width_km = 3.1
| coastline_km = 12.38
| elevation_m = 353
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite enroute|173|2017|274}}</ref>
| highest_mount =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Andaman Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Island sub-group
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[East Volcano Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]]
| country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Rangat|Rangat Taluk]]
| population = Uninhabited
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2 =
| density_rank =
| density_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 744202<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |title=A&N Islands - Pincodes |date=2016-09-22 |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224041/http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |archive-date=2014-03-23 }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 031927 <ref>[http://allcodesindia.in/stdcode/andaman+and+nicobar.php code]</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://andaman.nic.in/}}
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]
| iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref>
|additional_info = {{Infobox|child=yes
| label3 = Avg. summer temperature| data3 ={{convert|30.2|°C|°F}}
| label4 = Avg. winter temperature| data4 ={{convert|23.0|°C|°F}}
| label7 = Census Code| data7 = 35.639.0004
}}
}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Barren Volcano
| photo = Ile Barren, 1995.jpg
| photo_caption = Barren Island erupting in 1995
| location = [[Andaman Islands]], [[India]]
| topo =
| type = [[Stratovolcano]] with [[pyroclastic cone]]s
| age =
| last_eruption = 2020<ref name = "GVP"/><ref name="Barren Island volcano on Volcano Discovery">{{Cite news|title=Barren Island volcano|url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/barren_island.html|date=19 Feb 2018|language=English}}</ref>
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}
'''Barren Island''' is an island located in the [[Andaman Sea]]. It is the only confirmed [[active volcano]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/all-about-barren-island-south-asias-only-active-volcano-in-andaman/as66739617.cms|title=All about Barren Island, South Asia's Only Active Volcano in Andaman|author=Priya Srivastava|date=2018-11-21|publisher=Times of Indian}}</ref><ref name = "wo">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-is-the-only-active-volcano-in-south-asia.html|title= Which Is The Only Active Volcano In South Asia?|author=Benjamin Elisha Sawe|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref><ref name = "the">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/volcanic-spewing-in-barren-island-is-continuation-of-2005-eruption-study/article22705451.ece|title= Volcanic spewing in Barren Island is continuation of 2005 eruption|author=Dr. Aditi Jain|access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref><ref name = "in">{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/buzz/list-of-volcanoes-in-india-the-only-indian-live-volcano-at-andaman-nicobar-islands-is-active-again-1851944/|title= List of Volcanoes in India: The only Indian live Volcano at Andaman & Nicobar Islands is Active again!|author=Rashmi Mishra|access-date=2017-02-18}}</ref> and the only active volcano along a chain of volcanoes from [[Sumatra]] to [[Myanmar]].<ref name = "Hindu1"/> It is a part of the [[India]]n [[Union Territory]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], and lies about {{Convert|138|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of the territory's capital, [[Port Blair]].

==History==
[[File:Barren_Island_1789.jpg|thumb|left|An illustration of the island in 1789]]

The first recorded eruption of the volcano dates back to 1787. Since then, the volcano has erupted more than ten times, with the most recent one being in 2020
.<ref name = "GVP">{{cite gvp|vn=260010|title=Barren Island}}</ref> After the first recorded eruption in 1787, further eruptions were recorded in 1789, 1795, 1803–04, and 1852. After nearly one and a half [[century]] of dormancy, the [[island]] had another eruption in 1991 that lasted six [[month]]s and caused considerable damage.<ref name = "vulkaner">{{cite web|url=http://www.vulkaner.no/v/volcan/submarin/barrenis.html|title= Barren Island, Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean|author=Jørgen S. Aabech|access-date=2013-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Mallet, F.R. |title=Bibliography of Barren Island and Narcondam, from 1884 to 1894|volume=28| journal=Records of the Geological Survey of India|pages=34–38|year=1895 |url=https://archive.org/stream/recordsgeologic12indigoog#page/n46/mode/1up}}</ref>

The 1991 eruption was particularly harmful to the island's fauna. A team from the [[Geological Survey of India]] visited Barren Island on 8–9 April 1993 to assess the impact of the eruption on the distribution, habit, and abundance of animal species. The report found that the eruption had reduced the number of bird species and their population. The team only observed 6 of the 16 known species of birds on the island. The Pied Imperial Pigeon (Ducula bicolor) was the most abundant among the 6 species observed. In a survey conducted at night, the team spotted one rat species (Rattus rattus) and 51 species of insects from eight orders. The report also noted that the volcano was still emitting gas at the time.<ref name = "Hindu1"/> There were eruptions in 1994–95 and 2005–07, the latter considered to be linked to the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]].<ref name = "vulkaner"/> A lighthouse that was established in 1993 was destroyed by the recent eruptions.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130312065539/http://dgllnoida.gov.in/anthaman/BARRAEN.html]</ref>

A team from the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]] spotted the volcano erupting on 23 January 2017. Abhay Mudholkar, the head of the team, said, "The volcano is erupting in small episodes of about five to ten minutes. During the day, only ash clouds were observed. However, after sundown, red lava fountains were spewing from the crater into the atmosphere and hot lava flowed streaming down its slopes."<ref>{{cite web|title=NIO finds Andaman volcano spewing lava - Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/nio-finds-andaman-volcano-spewing-lava/articleshow/57214011.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India's only live volcano active again: National Institute of Oceanography|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/indias-only-live-volcano-active-again-nio-4531331/|website=The Indian Express|access-date=18 February 2017|language=en|date=18 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Barren Island volcano, India's only live volcano, became active in January|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/barren-island-volcano-india-s-only-live-volcano-become-active-again-in-january/story-QRFDzVzIsVn1QgV6HHo0cK.html|website=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=18 February 2017|language=en|date=18 February 2017}}</ref>

Based on [[Argon-argon dating]] of samples from Barren Island, it is now established that the oldest subaerial lava flows of the volcano are 1.6 million years old and the volcano is located on an oceanic crust which is roughly 106 million years old.<ref>Ray et al., Bull Volcanol 77: 57, 2015</ref> All recorded eruptions lie on the low end of the [[Volcanic Explosivity Index]]. The 2017 eruption was recorded as a 2 on the index.<ref name = "Hindu1"/>

==Geography==

This volcanic island stands in the midst of a volcanic belt on the edge of the [[Indian Plate|Indian]] and [[Burma Plate|Burmese]] [[tectonic]] plates. [[Narcondam Island]] is a dormant volcano in the area, apart from volcanic [[seamounts]] like Alcock and Sewell.
All the historical and recent eruptions (1789 and after) are confined within and around an active polygenetic [[cinder cone]] in a {{Convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide [[caldera]] that was formed by the [[Pleistocene]] collapse of a primitive cone of a [[stratovolcano]]. The remnant of the primitive [[volcanic cone]] forms a precipitous cliff around the island (commonly referred to as [[caldera]] wall), with a break towards the west. The highest [[elevation]] on the [[island]] is {{convert|353|m|0|abbr=on}}, with most of the primitive [[volcano]] [[underwater]] (standing on the [[seafloor]] {{convert|2250|m|ft}} below [[sea level]]). The island is {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter, with a total surface area of {{Convert|8.34|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/barren_island.html|title=Barren Island Volcano, Indian Ocean - facts & information|publisher=Volcanodiscovery.com|access-date=2013-06-01}}</ref>

==Biodiversity==
True to its name, it has large areas of barren landscape.<ref name = "Hindu1">{{cite web|last1=Koshy|first1=Jacob|title=Why did Barren Island volcano erupt again?|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-barren-islandvolcano-erupts-again/article17369862.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=26 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> It is uninhabited by humans, though it has a small [[population]] of [[goat]]s.<ref name="goats">{{cite news |author1=G. S. Mudur |title=Mystery that got science's goat - Barren Island puzzle solved: springs, not special kidneys, sustain animals |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/mystery-that-got-science-s-goat-barren-island-puzzle-solved-springs-not-special-kidneys-sustain-animals/cid/804481 |access-date=21 September 2019 |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)]] |date=3 August 2003 |language=en}}</ref> Also [[bird]]s, [[bat]]s like [[Pteropus|flying foxes]] and a few [[rodent]] species such as [[rat]]s are known to survive the harsh conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geos.iitb.ac.in/dchandra/biexp/|title=Scientific Expedition to Barren Island (Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean)|year=2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402212557/http://www.geos.iitb.ac.in/dchandra/biexp/|archive-date=2 April 2012|access-date=2013-06-01}}</ref>

==Tourist Attractions==

The waters surrounding Barren Island are reputed to be among the [[world]]'s top [[scuba diving]] destinations. Major attractions here are the [[crystal]] clear visibility, [[Manta ray|Manta Rays]], interesting [[basalt]] formations, [[topography]] of past [[lava]] flows and fast growing [[coral]] gardens. This dive destination is remote but can be accessed by either a live aboard ship or with scuba-operators based at [[Havelock Island]].<ref name="KrestovnikoffHalls2006">{{cite book|author1=Miranda Krestovnikoff|author2=Monty Halls|title=Scuba Diving|url=https://archive.org/details/scubadiving0000hall|url-access=registration|date=17 July 2006|publisher=DK Publishing|isbn=978-0-7566-4063-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/scubadiving0000hall/page/275 275]–}}</ref><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Scuba-dive-at-an-active-volcano-on-Barren-Island-in-Andamans/articleshow/25837581.cms</ref>

==Administration==
It belongs to the [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]] administrative [[Districts of India|district]], part of the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-VillageDirectory/Directory/short_code_rural_35.pdf|title=Village Code Directory: Andaman & Nicobar Islands|publisher=Census of India|access-date=January 16, 2011}}</ref>

==Demographics==
The island is uninhabited.<ref name="vol">{{cite web|author= |title=Volcano news & eruption updates: Barren Island| url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/barren-island/news.html|access-date=2019-10-17}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Image gallery==
<gallery widths="180">
File:Barren island - arijay prasad.jpg|Barren Island erupts
File:Barren I locale.png|Outline map of the [[Andaman Islands]], with the location of Barren Island highlighted (red circle)
File:Barren Island 1885.jpg|Topography of the island
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of volcanoes in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Barren Island (Andaman Islands)}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Barren Island}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003719/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiImages/information/N_BarrenJan09Note.pdf Geological Survey of India : THE BARREN ISLAND VOLCANO]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120402212557/http://www.geos.iitb.ac.in/dchandra/biexp/ Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Bombay]
* {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4669921.stm|title=Andamans volcano is post-tsunami hit|last=Bhaumik |first=Subir|date=11 July 2005|work=BBC News|access-date=2013-06-01}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050728121303/http://www.gsi.gov.in/mudvol.htm Geological Survey of India]
{{Wikivoyage|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
{{North and Middle Andaman district |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barren Island}}
[[Category:Islands of North and Middle Andaman district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]]
[[Category:Active volcanoes]]
[[Category:Stratovolcanoes]]
[[Category:Polygenetic cinder cones]]
[[Category:Calderas of Asia]]
[[Category:Volcanoes of India]]
[[Category:Volcanoes of the Indian Ocean]]

Barren Island (Andaman Islands) - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Delinker: Bot: Delinking broken file(s) using script (info)

>Hunnjazal: South Asia definition is vaguer and can include other areas