Barowari - Revision history

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	{{~~short~~ description\|Public ~~organization~~ of Durga Puja festival.}}		{{Short description\|Public organisation of Durga Puja festival}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=~~February 2019~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2024}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~February 2019~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2024}}

	'''Barowari''' refers to the public ~~organization~~ of a religious entity, mainly in [[West Bengal]], India. ''Barowari'' has significance associated with the [[Durga Puja]] festival.~~{{Clarify\|reason=\|date=October 2020}}~~ The word "Barowari" comes from the [[~~Bengali~~ language\|~~Bengali~~]] words "~~baro~~", which means 12, and "~~yari~~", ~~meaning a friendly connection~~.		'''Barowari''' ({{langx\|bn\|বারোয়ারি}}) refers to the public organisation of a religious entity, mainly in [[West Bengal]], India. ''Barowari'' has significance associated with the [[Durga Puja]] festival, in which the Hindu Goddess [[Durga]] is worshipped; symbolising the victory of good over evil. The word "Barowari" comes from the [[Sanskrit language\|Sanskrit]] words "bar", which means public, and [[Persian language\|Persian]] word "wari", means For{{Citation needed\|date=August 2021}}.

	In regional language, ''Barowari'' is often followed by the word ''Puja'' (Barowari Puja) which is when friends and families gather and contribute to a spiritual event.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.durgapujas.com/history.htm \|title=Welcome To Durgapujas.com & Puja Schedules \|access-date=2010~~-11-01~~ \|publisher=E-sol \|location=Calcutta \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911074936/http://durgapujas.com/history.htm \|archive-date=2010~~-09-11~~}}</ref> In 1790, ~~12 [[Brahmin]]~~ friends in Guptipara, [[Hooghly (town)\|Hooghly]] decided to institute a community Puja, and when the neighbours started to become suspicious, they started a ~~"baro-yari" or~~ Barowari Puja in Bengal, which gained much popularity among the ~~neighbors~~. Eventually, this occasion gained popularity across ~~West~~ Bengal.<ref>Citation needed?</ref> Initially, [[Durga Puja]] was an occasion for the rich [[Babu (title)\|Babus]] of [[Kolkata]]. Later, individual initiatives declined as collective enterprises came to replace it.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2020}}		In regional language, ''Barowari'' is often followed by the word ''Puja'' (Barowari Puja) which is when friends and families gather and contribute to a spiritual event.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.durgapujas.com/history.htm \|title=Welcome To Durgapujas.com & Puja Schedules \|access-date=1 November 2010 \|publisher=E-sol \|location=Calcutta \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911074936/http://durgapujas.com/history.htm \|archive-date=11 September 2010}}</ref> In 1790, twelve brahmin friends in Guptipara, [[Hooghly (town)\|Hooghly]] decided to institute a community Puja, and when the neighbours started to become suspicious, they started a Barowari Puja in Bengal, which gained much popularity among the neighbours. Eventually, this occasion gained popularity across Bengal.<ref>Citation needed?</ref> Initially, [[Durga Puja]] was an occasion for the rich [[Babu (title)\|Babus]] of [[Kolkata]]. Later, individual initiatives declined as collective enterprises came to replace it.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2020}}

	In more recent times, the terminology 'barowari' is being replaced by 'sorbojanin' (meaning 'all-inclusive'). The Barowari festival is often ~~organized~~ to allow the participation of outsiders. The Barowari festival is held with funds raised from the public at large through donations or subscriptions.<ref>{{cite web \|title=North Kolkata's Old 'Barowaari' Durga Pujas Are Now Turning To Theme \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/kolkata-news/north-kolkatas-old-barowaari-durga-pujas-are-now-turning-to-theme-1751451 \|website=www.ndtv.com \|publisher=NDTV \|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref>		In more recent times, the terminology 'barowari' is being replaced by 'sorbojanin' (meaning 'all-inclusive'). The Barowari festival is often organised to allow the participation of outsiders. The Barowari festival is held with funds raised from the public at large through donations or subscriptions.<ref>{{cite web \|title=North Kolkata's Old 'Barowaari' Durga Pujas Are Now Turning To Theme \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/kolkata-news/north-kolkatas-old-barowaari-durga-pujas-are-now-turning-to-theme-1751451 \|website=www.ndtv.com \|publisher=NDTV \|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref>

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
	The first publicly ~~organized~~ [[Durga Puja]] was held at [[Guptipara]], when several men were stopped from taking part in a household Durga Puja. ~~Twelve~~ of them formed a committee and ~~organized~~ the Durga Puja. There is a difference of opinion about the year of worship – 1761 or 1790.<ref>[http://www.calcuttaweb.com/puja/index.shtml Calcutta Web] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070412212224/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/puja/index.shtml \|date=12 April 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://festivals.iloveindia.com/durga-puja/history-durga-puja.html Festivals – Durga Puja]</ref>		The first publicly organised [[Durga Puja]] was held at [[Guptipara]], when several men were stopped from taking part in a household Durga Puja. Seven of them formed a committee and organised the Durga Puja. There is a difference of opinion about the year of worship – 1761 or 1790.<ref>[http://www.calcuttaweb.com/puja/index.shtml Calcutta Web] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070412212224/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/puja/index.shtml \|date=12 April 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://festivals.iloveindia.com/durga-puja/history-durga-puja.html Festivals – Durga Puja]</ref>

	==History ==		==History ==
	There were numerous household Durga ~~Puja's~~ conducted in various parts of Bengal. Generally, such ''pujas'' allowed the general public to worship and the arrangements were taken care by the family who takes the initiative and spends money on it.		[[File: Aatchala Bari - Barisha - Kolkata 2011-10-03 030278.JPG\|thumb\|The ''Aatchala Bari'' Durga puja of the [[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]] family, first held in 1610]] [[Durga Puja]] is possibly one of the oldest and the largest organised festivals of Western Bengal. There were numerous household Durga Pujas conducted in various parts of Bengal. Generally, such ''pujas'' allowed the general public to worship and the arrangements were taken care by the family who takes the initiative and spends money on it. The [[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]] family has been celebrating [[Durga Puja]] since 1610 in their ancestral home at [[Barisha, India\|Barisha]].<ref>" Bangiya Sabarna Katha Kalishetra Kalikatah" by Bhabani Roy Choudhury, {{in lang\|bn}}, Manna Publication. {{ISBN\|81-87648-36-8}}</ref> [[File:Andul Dutta Chaudhury Durga Puja 1988.jpg\|thumb\|Andul Dutta Chaudhury Durga Puja 1988]]
	~~[[File: Aatchala Bari - Barisha - Kolkata 2011-10-03 030278.JPG\|thumb\|The '''''Aatchala Bari''''' Durga puja of the [[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]] family that started in 1610 by Laksmikanta Gangopadhyay.]]~~

	The [[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]] family has been celebrating [[Durga Puja]] since 1610 in their ancestral home at [[Barisha, India\|Barisha]]. [[Durga Puja]] is possibly one of the oldest and the largest organized festivals of West Bengal. Every year, seven Durga Pujas are being held by the family. Out of these, six are held at Barisha while the seventh is at [[Birati]]. The Pujas, which are held at Barisha, are Aatchala, Baro Bari, Mejo Bari, Benaki Bari, Kalikingkar Bhawan, and Majher Bari. Other than Durga Puja, the family also organizes Chandi Puja, Jagaddhatri Puja, Dol Yatra, and [[Rath Yatra]] Utsav.<ref>" Bangiya Sabarna Katha Kalishetra Kalikatah" by Bhabani Roy Choudhury, {{in lang\|bn}}, Manna Publication. {{ISBN\|81-87648-36-8}}</ref>~~<ref>~~[~~http~~:~~//www.devarshi.faithweb.com Sabarna Prithivi – website of the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family]</ref>~~

	~~The~~ Dutta Chaudhury ~~Zamindar family, of [[Andul]], started conducting [[~~Durga Puja~~]] in the year of 1609 by Kashiwar Dutta Chaudhury~~. ~~However, elder family members residing in~~ Andul ~~have indicated that they used to worship Mother Durga in an "Achala" structure since the 15th century, possibly started by Tekari Dutta (Founder of the~~ Dutta Chaudhury Zamindari in Andul). This is according to their family history, which has been passed down the generations as a legend. Animal sacrifices following Tantric requirements used to be carried out during the earlier days, until it was stopped when Krishnananda Dutta became a full-fledged 'Vaishnav' due to the influence of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] and [[Nitai\|Nityananda Prabhu]]. Eventually, it was Kashiswar Dutta Chaudhury who, with the help of the Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan\|Shah-Jehan]], was able to recover from his uncle (Gobindasharan Dutta- founder of the Hatkhola Dutta family) most of what was taken. He reinstated the Andul zamindari to its former glory. He re-established the traditional worship of goddess Durga ~~in the year 1609 AD at a new Chandi-mandap, following Brihat Nandikeshwar Puran and according to [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnav~~]] ~~rituals. It is considered to be one of the oldest Durga Puja in West-Bengal.~~

	[[File:Shobhabazar Rajbari Durga Puja.jpg\|thumb\|The Durga Idol of the [[Shobhabazar Rajbari\|Shobhabazar Rajbar]].]]		[[File:Shobhabazar Rajbari Durga Puja.jpg\|thumb\|The Durga Idol of the [[Shobhabazar Rajbari\|Shobhabazar Rajbar]].]]
	[[Nabakrishna Deb]] started the Durga Puja in [[Shobhabazar]] Rajbari in 1757. He set a pattern for the puja, which became a fashion and status symbol among the upcoming merchant class of Kolkata. The number of Englishmen attending the family Durga Puja became an index of prestige. The [[nautch]] girls were mostly from [[Muslim]] ''[[gharana]]s''. The Englishmen attending the dance-parties dined on beef and ham from Wilson's Hotel and drank to their hearts' content.<ref>Jaya Chaliha and Bunny Gupta, "Durga Puja in Calcutta" in "Calcutta The Living City" Vol II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, first published 1990, paperback edition 2005, pp 332–333. {{ISBN\|0-19-563697-X}}</ref>		[[Nabakrishna Deb]] started the Durga Puja in [[Shobhabazar]] Rajbari in 1757. He set a pattern for the puja, which became a fashion and status symbol among the upcoming merchant class of Kolkata. The number of Englishmen attending the family Durga Puja became an index of prestige. The [[nautch]] girls were mostly from [[Muslim]] ''[[gharana]]s''. The Englishmen attending the dance-parties dined on beef and ham from Wilson's Hotel and drank to their hearts' content.<ref>Jaya Chaliha and Bunny Gupta, "Durga Puja in Calcutta" in "Calcutta The Living City" Vol II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, first published 1990, paperback edition 2005, pp 332–333. {{ISBN\|0-19-563697-X}}</ref>

	[[Rani Rashmoni]] used to celebrate Durga Puja at her [[Janbazar\|residence]] with traditional pomp, including all-night {{~~transl~~\|bn\|jatras}} (folk theatre), rather than by entertaining the Englishmen with whom she carried on a running feud. After she died in 1861, the sons-in-law took to celebrating Durga Puja in their respective premises.<ref>Chaliha, Jaya and Gupta, Bunny, "Durga Puja in Calcutta", in "Calcutta, the Living City", Vol. II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, first published 1990, 2005 edition, pp. 334–335, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN\|0-19-563697-X}}.</ref>		[[Rani Rashmoni]] used to celebrate Durga Puja at her [[Janbazar\|residence]] with traditional pomp, including all-night {{Transliteration\|bn\|jatras}} (folk theatre), rather than by entertaining the Englishmen with whom she carried on a running feud. After she died in 1861, the sons-in-law took to celebrating Durga Puja in their respective premises.<ref>Chaliha, Jaya and Gupta, Bunny, "Durga Puja in Calcutta", in "Calcutta, the Living City", Vol. II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, first published 1990, 2005 edition, pp. 334–335, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN\|0-19-563697-X}}.</ref>

	~~There are several other famous households Durga Pujas in Kolkata.~~

	==Barowari Durga Puja==		==Barowari Durga Puja==
	~~[[File:IdolofDurgaPooja.jpg\|thumb\|This is an idol of Durga Pooja, composed of Goddess Durga, her daughters Laxmi, Saraswati and her sons Ganesha, Kartik]]~~		The twentieth century witnessed the emergence of community Durga Puja which was also at times organised publicly. The first Barowari Durga Puja was organised in Kolkata by Bhowanipore Sanatan Dharmotsahini Sabha in 1909 at Balaram Bose Ghat Road, [[Bhowanipore]]. On this occasion, Sri Aurobindo published the famous Durga Stotra in his Bengali journal, [[Dharma]], issue one "Kartika" dated 1316 AD.
	The twentieth century witnessed the emergence of community Durga Puja which was also at times ~~organized~~ publicly. The first Barowari Durga Puja was ~~organized~~ in Kolkata by Bhowanipore Sanatan Dharmotsahini Sabha in 1909 at Balaram Bose Ghat Road, [[Bhowanipore]]. On this occasion, Sri Aurobindo published the famous Durga Stotra in his Bengali journal, [[Dharma]], issue one "Kartika" dated 1316 AD.

	J.C. Nixon, in his "Account of the Revolutionary organizations in Bengal" noted: "Bhowanipore Party: owing to his striking personality, Jatindra Nath Mukharji was during this period gaining great popularity and esteem in anarchic circles. There is evidence for believing that the murderer of Babu Ashutosh Biswas, Public Prosecutor, on 10 February 1909, was a member of this party, while there is no doubt that Jatin Mukharji himself was one of the instigators of the murder of Khan Bahadur Shamsul Alam which took place on 21 February 1910."<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Samanta\|first=Amiya K.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4_aAAAAMAAJ\|title=Terrorism in Bengal: General trend of the terrorist movement in Bengal from 1907-1939\|date=1995\|publisher=Government of West Bengal\|language=en}}</ref>		J.C. Nixon, in his "Account of the Revolutionary organizations in Bengal" noted: "Bhowanipore Party: owing to his striking personality, Jatindra Nath Mukharji was during this period gaining great popularity and esteem in anarchic circles. There is evidence for believing that the murderer of Babu Ashutosh Biswas, Public Prosecutor, on 10 February 1909, was a member of this party, while there is no doubt that Jatin Mukharji himself was one of the instigators of the murder of Khan Bahadur Shamsul Alam which took place on 21 February 1910."<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Samanta\|first=Amiya K.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4_aAAAAMAAJ\|title=Terrorism in Bengal: General trend of the terrorist movement in Bengal from 1907-1939\|date=1995\|publisher=Government of West Bengal\|language=en}}</ref>

	Other Barowari Durga Puja that followed were the College Street Tamer Lane Sarbojanin Durga Utsav of 1915, [[Shyampukur\|Shyampukur Adi Sarbojanin]] of 1911,<ref>{{cite web\| url =http://www.madurga100.com/History.html\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110714020117/http://www.madurga100.com/History.html\| url-status =dead\| archive-date =2011~~-07-14~~\| title =Shyampukur Adi Sarbojanin Durgotsab\| access-date =2010~~-11-01~~\| publisher =Committee, 22, Ramdhan Mitra Lane, Kolkata 700004 by Soumendra Nath Thakur}}</ref> Sikdar Bagan (in the [[Shyambazar]] neighbourhood) of 1913, Nebubagan, which in 1919 became [[Bagbazar]] sarbojanin, Simla Byam Samiti of 1926<ref>''Kolkata kaccha – Sekaler Durga Puja'', ''Ananda Bazar Patrika'', {{in lang\|bn}}, 15 October 2007</ref> and [[Amherst Street (Kolkata)\|Amherst Street]] Lohapatty Sarbojanin of 1943, which later became Maniktala Chaltabagan Lohapatty Durga Puja.		Other Barowari Durga Puja that followed were the College Street Tamer Lane Sarbojanin Durga Utsav of 1915, [[Shyampukur\|Shyampukur Adi Sarbojanin]] of 1911,<ref>{{cite web\| url =http://www.madurga100.com/History.html\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110714020117/http://www.madurga100.com/History.html\| url-status =dead\| archive-date =14 July 2011\| title =Shyampukur Adi Sarbojanin Durgotsab\| access-date =1 November 2010\| publisher =Committee, 22, Ramdhan Mitra Lane, Kolkata 700004 by Soumendra Nath Thakur}}</ref> Sikdar Bagan (in the [[Shyambazar]] neighbourhood) of 1913, Nebubagan, which in 1919 became [[Bagbazar]] sarbojanin, Simla Byam Samiti of 1926<ref>''Kolkata kaccha – Sekaler Durga Puja'', ''Ananda Bazar Patrika'', {{in lang\|bn}}, 15 October 2007</ref> and [[Amherst Street (Kolkata)\|Amherst Street]] Lohapatty Sarbojanin of 1943, which later became Maniktala Chaltabagan Lohapatty Durga Puja.

	Presently, the Barowari Durga Pujas are celebrated in over 2,000 [[~~Pandal\|pandals~~]] in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=30&id=185669&usrsess=1		Presently, the Barowari Durga Pujas are celebrated in over 2,000 [[pandal]]s in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=30&id=185669&usrsess=1
	\| title = Think Again:Crime and No Punishment\| access-date = 2008~~-01-13~~ \| last =Gandhi \| first =Maneka \| work =8th Day \| publisher =The Statesman, 13 January 2008}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>		\| title = Think Again:Crime and No Punishment\| access-date = 13 January 2008 \| last =Gandhi \| first =Maneka \| work =8th Day \| publisher =The Statesman, 13 January 2008}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	{{Tourist attractions in Kolkata}}		{{Tourist attractions in Kolkata}}

			[[Category:Culture of Bengal]]
	[[Category:~~Bengali culture~~]]
	[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]		[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
	[[Category:Durga Puja]]		[[Category:Durga Puja]]

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{{short description|Public organization of Durga Puja festival.}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}

'''Barowari''' refers to the public organization of a religious entity, mainly in [[West Bengal]], India. ''Barowari'' has significance associated with the [[Durga Puja]] festival.{{Clarify|reason=|date=October 2020}} The word "Barowari" comes from the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] words "baro", which means 12, and "yari", meaning a friendly connection.

In regional language, ''Barowari'' is often followed by the word ''Puja'' (Barowari Puja) which is when friends and families gather and contribute to a spiritual event.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.durgapujas.com/history.htm |title=Welcome To Durgapujas.com & Puja Schedules |access-date=2010-11-01 |publisher=E-sol |location=Calcutta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911074936/http://durgapujas.com/history.htm |archive-date=2010-09-11}}</ref> In 1790, 12 [[Brahmin]] friends in Guptipara, [[Hooghly (town)|Hooghly]] decided to institute a community Puja, and when the neighbours started to become suspicious, they started a "baro-yari" or Barowari Puja in Bengal, which gained much popularity among the neighbors. Eventually, this occasion gained popularity across West Bengal.<ref>Citation needed?</ref> Initially, [[Durga Puja]] was an occasion for the rich [[Babu (title)|Babus]] of [[Kolkata]]. Later, individual initiatives declined as collective enterprises came to replace it.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}

In more recent times, the terminology 'barowari' is being replaced by 'sorbojanin' (meaning 'all-inclusive'). The Barowari festival is often organized to allow the participation of outsiders. The Barowari festival is held with funds raised from the public at large through donations or subscriptions.<ref>{{cite web |title=North Kolkata's Old 'Barowaari' Durga Pujas Are Now Turning To Theme |url=https://www.ndtv.com/kolkata-news/north-kolkatas-old-barowaari-durga-pujas-are-now-turning-to-theme-1751451 |website=www.ndtv.com |publisher=NDTV |access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The first publicly organized [[Durga Puja]] was held at [[Guptipara]], when several men were stopped from taking part in a household Durga Puja. Twelve of them formed a committee and organized the Durga Puja. There is a difference of opinion about the year of worship – 1761 or 1790.<ref>[http://www.calcuttaweb.com/puja/index.shtml Calcutta Web] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070412212224/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/puja/index.shtml |date=12 April 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://festivals.iloveindia.com/durga-puja/history-durga-puja.html Festivals – Durga Puja]</ref>

==History ==
There were numerous household Durga Puja's conducted in various parts of Bengal. Generally, such ''pujas'' allowed the general public to worship and the arrangements were taken care by the family who takes the initiative and spends money on it.
[[File: Aatchala Bari - Barisha - Kolkata 2011-10-03 030278.JPG|thumb|The '''''Aatchala Bari''''' Durga puja of the [[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]] family that started in 1610 by Laksmikanta Gangopadhyay.]]

The [[Sabarna Roy Choudhury]] family has been celebrating [[Durga Puja]] since 1610 in their ancestral home at [[Barisha, India|Barisha]]. [[Durga Puja]] is possibly one of the oldest and the largest organized festivals of West Bengal. Every year, seven Durga Pujas are being held by the family. Out of these, six are held at Barisha while the seventh is at [[Birati]]. The Pujas, which are held at Barisha, are Aatchala, Baro Bari, Mejo Bari, Benaki Bari, Kalikingkar Bhawan, and Majher Bari. Other than Durga Puja, the family also organizes Chandi Puja, Jagaddhatri Puja, Dol Yatra, and [[Rath Yatra]] Utsav.<ref>" Bangiya Sabarna Katha Kalishetra Kalikatah" by Bhabani Roy Choudhury, {{in lang|bn}}, Manna Publication. {{ISBN|81-87648-36-8}}</ref><ref>[http://www.devarshi.faithweb.com Sabarna Prithivi – website of the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family]</ref>

The Dutta Chaudhury Zamindar family, of [[Andul]], started conducting [[Durga Puja]] in the year of 1609 by Kashiwar Dutta Chaudhury. However, elder family members residing in Andul have indicated that they used to worship Mother Durga in an "Achala" structure since the 15th century, possibly started by Tekari Dutta (Founder of the Dutta Chaudhury Zamindari in Andul). This is according to their family history, which has been passed down the generations as a legend. Animal sacrifices following Tantric requirements used to be carried out during the earlier days, until it was stopped when Krishnananda Dutta became a full-fledged 'Vaishnav' due to the influence of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] and [[Nitai|Nityananda Prabhu]]. Eventually, it was Kashiswar Dutta Chaudhury who, with the help of the Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan|Shah-Jehan]], was able to recover from his uncle (Gobindasharan Dutta- founder of the Hatkhola Dutta family) most of what was taken. He reinstated the Andul zamindari to its former glory. He re-established the traditional worship of goddess Durga in the year 1609 AD at a new Chandi-mandap, following Brihat Nandikeshwar Puran and according to [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnav]] rituals. It is considered to be one of the oldest Durga Puja in West-Bengal.

[[File:Shobhabazar Rajbari Durga Puja.jpg|thumb|The Durga Idol of the [[Shobhabazar Rajbari|Shobhabazar Rajbar]].]]
[[Nabakrishna Deb]] started the Durga Puja in [[Shobhabazar]] Rajbari in 1757. He set a pattern for the puja, which became a fashion and status symbol among the upcoming merchant class of Kolkata. The number of Englishmen attending the family Durga Puja became an index of prestige. The [[nautch]] girls were mostly from [[Muslim]] ''[[gharana]]s''. The Englishmen attending the dance-parties dined on beef and ham from Wilson's Hotel and drank to their hearts' content.<ref>Jaya Chaliha and Bunny Gupta, "Durga Puja in Calcutta" in "Calcutta The Living City" Vol II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, first published 1990, paperback edition 2005, pp 332–333. {{ISBN|0-19-563697-X}}</ref>

[[Rani Rashmoni]] used to celebrate Durga Puja at her [[Janbazar|residence]] with traditional pomp, including all-night {{transl|bn|jatras}} (folk theatre), rather than by entertaining the Englishmen with whom she carried on a running feud. After she died in 1861, the sons-in-law took to celebrating Durga Puja in their respective premises.<ref>Chaliha, Jaya and Gupta, Bunny, "Durga Puja in Calcutta", in "Calcutta, the Living City", Vol. II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, first published 1990, 2005 edition, pp. 334–335, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-563697-X}}.</ref>

There are several other famous households Durga Pujas in Kolkata.

==Barowari Durga Puja==
[[File:IdolofDurgaPooja.jpg|thumb|This is an idol of Durga Pooja, composed of Goddess Durga, her daughters Laxmi, Saraswati and her sons Ganesha, Kartik]]
The twentieth century witnessed the emergence of community Durga Puja which was also at times organized publicly. The first Barowari Durga Puja was organized in Kolkata by Bhowanipore Sanatan Dharmotsahini Sabha in 1909 at Balaram Bose Ghat Road, [[Bhowanipore]]. On this occasion, Sri Aurobindo published the famous Durga Stotra in his Bengali journal, [[Dharma]], issue one "Kartika" dated 1316 AD.

J.C. Nixon, in his "Account of the Revolutionary organizations in Bengal" noted: "Bhowanipore Party: owing to his striking personality, Jatindra Nath Mukharji was during this period gaining great popularity and esteem in anarchic circles. There is evidence for believing that the murderer of Babu Ashutosh Biswas, Public Prosecutor, on 10 February 1909, was a member of this party, while there is no doubt that Jatin Mukharji himself was one of the instigators of the murder of Khan Bahadur Shamsul Alam which took place on 21 February 1910."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Samanta|first=Amiya K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4_aAAAAMAAJ|title=Terrorism in Bengal: General trend of the terrorist movement in Bengal from 1907-1939|date=1995|publisher=Government of West Bengal|language=en}}</ref>

Other Barowari Durga Puja that followed were the College Street Tamer Lane Sarbojanin Durga Utsav of 1915, [[Shyampukur|Shyampukur Adi Sarbojanin]] of 1911,<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.madurga100.com/History.html| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110714020117/http://www.madurga100.com/History.html| url-status =dead| archive-date =2011-07-14| title =Shyampukur Adi Sarbojanin Durgotsab| access-date =2010-11-01| publisher =Committee, 22, Ramdhan Mitra Lane, Kolkata 700004 by Soumendra Nath Thakur}}</ref> Sikdar Bagan (in the [[Shyambazar]] neighbourhood) of 1913, Nebubagan, which in 1919 became [[Bagbazar]] sarbojanin, Simla Byam Samiti of 1926<ref>''Kolkata kaccha – Sekaler Durga Puja'', ''Ananda Bazar Patrika'', {{in lang|bn}}, 15 October 2007</ref> and [[Amherst Street (Kolkata)|Amherst Street]] Lohapatty Sarbojanin of 1943, which later became Maniktala Chaltabagan Lohapatty Durga Puja.

Presently, the Barowari Durga Pujas are celebrated in over 2,000 [[Pandal|pandals]] in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=30&id=185669&usrsess=1
| title = Think Again:Crime and No Punishment| access-date = 2008-01-13 | last =Gandhi | first =Maneka | work =8th Day | publisher =The Statesman, 13 January 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Sarbojanin Dharma Prasarini Samity Durga Puja 1922 Bhowanipur

{{Culture of West Bengal}}
{{HinduFestivals}}
{{Tourist attractions in Kolkata}}

[[Category:Bengali culture]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Durga Puja]]