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{{Short description|Princely state of India (1721–1949)}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Infobox former country
|conventional_long_name = State of Baroda
|common_name = Baroda
|image_flag = Drapeau Baroda.png
|flag_caption = Top: Flag (Until 1818) Bottom: Flag (After 1818)
|flag_border = no
|official_languages =
|government_type = [[Monarchy]]
|capital = [[Vadodara|Baroda (Vadodara)]]
|demonym = Baroda
|religion= [[Hinduism]] ([[state religion|State]]) [[Islam]] [[Jainism]] [[Christianity]] [[Zoroastrianism]]
|title_leader = [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad of Baroda]]|footnotes=[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924007471935/cu31924007471935_djvu.txt "A Catalogue of Manuscript and Printed Reports, Field Books, Memoirs, Maps ..." Vol. iv, "Containing the treaties, etc., relating to the states within the Bombay presidency"]
|year_leader1 = 1721 – 1732 (first)
|leader1 = [[Pilaji Rao Gaekwad]]
|year_leader2 = 1939 – 1949 (last){{efn|before abolition and dilusion in the [[Republic of India]]}}
|leader2= [[Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad]]
|year_start = 1721
|year_end = 1949
|p1 = Maratha Empire
|flag_p1 = Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg
|border_p1 = no
|s1 = Dominion of India
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|today= [[Gujarat]], [[Republic of India]] {{small|(after [[independence of India]] in 1947)}}
|map_caption = Baroda State in 1901.
|image_map = Baroda state 1909.jpg
|image_coat = Baroda State CoA.png|image_flag2 = Baroda flag.svg
|event_end = [[Independence of India]]
}}

'''Baroda State''' was a [[princely state]] in present-day [[Gujarat]], ruled by the [[Gaekwad dynasty]] of the [[Maratha Confederacy]] from its formation in 1721 until its [[Instrument of Accession|accession]] to the newly formed [[Dominion of India]] in 1949. With the city of [[Baroda]] ([[Vadodara]]) as its capital, during the [[British Raj]] its relations with the British were managed by the [[Baroda Residency]]. The revenue of the state in 1901 was Rs. 13,661,000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 7, page 25|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=7&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_031.gif|access-date=12 July 2020|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|publisher=Digital South Asia Library}}</ref> Baroda formally acceded to the [[Dominion of India]], on 1 May 1949, prior to which an interim government was formed in the state.<ref name=fi>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5Hw-AAAAIBAJ&pg=5018,2762425&dq=baroda-state&hl=en|title=Rulers Farewell Message|date=1 May 1949|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
[[File:Baroda State 1896.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Baroda State, 1896]]
[[File:Sayajirao Gaekwad III, Maharaja of Baroda, 1919.jpg|160px|left|thumb|Sir [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] (1863–1939), Maharaja of Baroda]]
[[File:Baroda State standard ca 1874-1936.png|thumb|upright=0.7|Baroda State. Standard of the Maharaja (1874–1936)]]
[[File:Baroda flag.svg|thumb|upright=0.7|Last standard of the Maharaja (1936–1949)]]

Baroda derives its native name ''Vadodara'' from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''vatodara'', meaning 'in the heart of the [[Banyan]] (''Vata'') tree. It also has another name, ''Virakshetra'' or ''Virawati'' (land of warriors), mentioned alongside ''Vadodara'' by the 17th century Gujarati poet [[Premanand Bhatt]], native to the city. Its name has been mentioned as ''Brodera'' by early English travellers and merchants, from which its later name Baroda was derived.<ref>[[#Im|Gazetteer, p. 25]]</ref> Geographically it comprised several disjointed tracts of land, measuring over 1000 square miles, spread across the present [[Gujarat]] state; these were subdivided into four ''prant'' (states), namely [[Kadi, Gujarat|Kadi]], [[Baroda]], [[Navsari]] and [[Amreli]], which included coastal portions of the state, in the [[Okha, Gujarat|Okhamadal]] region near [[Dwarka]] and [[Kodinar]] near [[Diu, India|Diu]].<ref>[[#Im|Gazetteer, p. 26]]</ref>

The [[Marathas]] first attacked Gujarat in 1705. By 1712, a Maratha leader Khande Rao Dabhade grew powerful in the region and when he returned to [[Satara (city)|Satara]] in 1716, he was made the ''[[senapati]]'' ([[commander in chief]]). Thereafter during the "Battle of Balapur" in 1721, one of his officers, Damaji Gaekwad was awarded the title ''Shamsher Bahadur'' or Distinguished Swordsman. Damaji died in 1721 and was succeeded by his nephew Pilajirao.<ref>[[#Im|Gazetteer, p. 31, 32]]</ref>

Thus the Baroda State was founded in 1721, when the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] general [[Pilaji Gaekwad]] conquered [[Songadh]] from the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s. Prior to this Pilajirao was appointed as general to collect revenues from Gujarat by the [[Peshwa]], the Prime Minister of the [[Maratha Empire]], who had taken over the region north and south of [[Surat]] from the Mughals to established the ''Sarkar of Surat''. Songadh remained the headquarters of the "House of Gaekwad" until 1866.<ref name="it">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-27/vadodara/28212949_1_vessels-erstwhile-baroda-state-passports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103185234/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-27/vadodara/28212949_1_vessels-erstwhile-baroda-state-passports|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=280 years ago, Baroda had its own Navy|date=27 September 2010}}</ref><ref>[[#Im|Gazetteer, 32]]</ref> After the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] (1803–1805), the [[East India Company]] wrested control of much of Gujarat from the [[Maratha]]s. However the Gaekwads of Baroda (Vadodara), made a separate peace with the British, entering into a [[subsidiary alliance]] which acknowledged British [[suzerainty]] and control of the state's external affairs in return for retaining internal autonomy.

===Princely state===
[[File:Silver rupee of Sayaji Rao II of Baroda.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Silver rupee of Sayaji Rao II of Baroda (ruled 1819–47), naming the Mughal emperor Muhammad Akbar II, dated AH 1238 (= 1822–23 CE). The prominent Nagari letter ''sa'' stands for Sayaji Rao and we also see a curved sword, one of the dynastic symbols of the Gaekwads and seen also on the Baroda state flag.]]

[[File:Silver rupee of Sayaji Rao III of Baroda.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Silver rupee of Sayaji Rao III of Baroda (ruled 1875–1939), showing his portrait. This coin is dated 1955 in the [[Vikrama era]] (= 1897 CE).]]

Following the death of Sir [[Khanderao Gaekwad]] (1828–1870), the popular Maharaja of Baroda, in 1870, it was expected that his brother, [[Malharrao]] (1831–1882), would succeed him. However, Malharrao had already proven himself to be of the vilest character and had been imprisoned earlier for conspiring to assassinate Khanderao. As Khanderao's widow, [[Maharani Jamnabai]] (1853–1898) was already pregnant with a posthumous child, the succession was delayed until the gender of the child could be proven. The child proved to be a daughter, and so upon her birth on 5 July 1871, Malharrao ascended the throne.

Malharrao spent money liberally, nearly emptying the Barodan state coffers (he commissioned a pair of solid gold cannon and a carpet of pearls, among other expenses) and soon reports reached the Resident of Malharrao's gross tyranny and cruelty. Malharrao further attempted to cover up his deeds by poisoning the Resident, Colonel [[R. Phayre]] C.B. with a compound of [[arsenic]]. By order of the [[Secretary of State for India]], [[Lord Salisbury]], Malharrao was deposed on 10 April 1875 and exiled to [[Madras]], where he died in obscurity in 1882.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=GRA18750705.2.12|title=DEPOSITION OF THE GAEKWAR OF BARODA|date=26 April 1875|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> With the throne of Baroda now vacant, Maharani Jamnabai called on the heads of the extended branches of the dynasty to come to Baroda and present themselves and their sons in order to decide upon a successor.

[[File:Baroda Makarpura.jpg|thumb|251x251px|[[Makarpura Palace]], built by Maharaja Khende Rao in 1870.|left]]

Kashirao and his three sons, Anandrao (1857–1917), Gopalrao (1863–1938) and Sampatrao (1865–1934) walked to Baroda from Kavlana-a distance of some 600 kilometres - to present themselves to Jamnabai.

Eventually Gopalrao was selected by the British Government as successor and was accordingly adopted by Maharani Jamnabai, on 27 May 1875. He was also given a new name, Sayajirao. On 16 June 1875, he ascended the throne as [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III]], but being a minor, reigned under a Council of Regency until he came of age and was invested with full ruling powers on 28 December 1881. founding numerous institutions,

===20th century===

Various important state institutions were founded in the early 20th century, including the [[Bank of Baroda]] on 20 July 1908. In 1908, Sayajirao also founded the Baroda Legislative Assembly (also known as the Baroda Dhara Sabha).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVhNO2MwOCAC&pg=PA37|title=Gandhinagar: Building National Identity in Postcolonial India|last=Kalia|first=Ravi|date=2004|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|isbn=9781570035449|pages=37|language=en}}</ref>[[File:Baroda Lvp.JPG|thumb|248x248px|right|[[Laxmi Vilas Palace]], [[Baroda]], built by [[Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] in 1890 ]]
By the beginning of the 20th century, the relations of the British with the four largest princely states—[[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], and Baroda were managed by a British [[resident (title)|Resident]] under the direct authority the [[Governor-General of India]].<ref>[[Imperial Gazetteer of India]] vol. IV (1907), p. 92.</ref> In 1911, Baroda State spanned {{convert|3239|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}, and the population was 2,032,798 persons as per the 1911 census of India.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Somerset Playne |author2=R. V. Solomon |author3=J. W. Bond |author4=Arnold Wright | title = Indian states: a biographical, historical, and administrative survey | publisher = Asian Educational Services | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-81-206-1965-4 | page=9 | chapter=The State of Baroda |edition=illustrated}}</ref> The state was very wealthy. ''[[The Pittsburgh Press]]'' reported in 1927 that the diamond necklace, which contained the [[Star of the South]] diamond, was a part of a royal collection worth $10,000,000 at the time, housed in the [[Nazarbaug Palace]] (built 1721) in [[Baroda]] city; another important part of the collection was a cloth embroidered with precious stones and seed [[pearl]]s, made to cover the tomb of [[Mohammed]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0kAbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3086,6808320&dq=baroda-state&hl=en|title=Baroda City of Palace|date=14 August 1927|work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]]}}</ref><ref name="timesindia">{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-03-28/india/27880016_1_diamond-cartier-sangramsinh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022035253/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-03-28/india/27880016_1_diamond-cartier-sangramsinh |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Gaekwad's Star of the South diamond sold |date=28 March 2007 }}</ref>

Dr. [[B.R. Ambedkar|B.R.Ambedkar]] writes about his experience with [[untouchability]] in Baroda in the second chapter of his autobiographical book, [[Waiting for a Visa]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ambedkar|first1=Dr. Bhimrao|title=Waiting for a Visa|date=1991|publisher=Dept. of education, Government of Maharashtra|location=Mumbai|pages=4071–4090|url=https://drambedkarbooks.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/selected-work-of-dr-b-r-ambedkar.pdf|access-date=15 April 2015}}</ref>

In 1937, the [[princely states]] of the [[Baroda Residency]] were merged with those of the agencies adjacent to the northern part of the [[Bombay Presidency]] — [[Rewa Kantha Agency]], [[Surat Agency]], [[Nasik Agency]], [[Kaira Agency]] and [[Thana Agency]] — in order to form the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]].<ref>[http://www.hubert-herald.nl/BhaGujarat1.htm History of the State of Gujarat]</ref> A few years before independence the process of the '[[Attachment Scheme]]' began in order to integrate the smallest princely states, estates and ''thanas''. Baroda State was one of the main beneficiaries of this measure by being able to add about 15,000 km2 and half a million inhabitants to the state. The merged states were [[Pethapur State|Pethapur]] on 1 February 1940, the [[Katosan Thana]], with [[Deloli]], [[Kalsapura]], [[Maguna]], [[Memadpura]], [[Rampura, Sankheda Mehwas|Rampura]], [[Ranipura]], [[Tejpura State|Tejpura]], [[Varsora]], the [[Palaj]] Taluka and both [[Ijpura State]]s between June and July 1940. These were followed on 10 July 1943 by the states of [[Ambliara State|Ambliara]], [[Ghorasar State|Ghorasar]], [[Ilol State|Ilol]], [[Katosan State|Katosan]], [[Khadal State|Khadal]], [[Patdi State|Patdi]], [[Punadra State|Punadra]], [[Ranasan State|Ranasan]], [[Wasoda State|Wasoda]] and [[Wao State|Wao]]<ref>which had been fourth class states in the [[Mahi Kantha Agency]].</ref> Also many small ''Talukas'' of the region were merged. On 24 July 1943 [[Sachodar State]] and a few small places that had no own jurisdiction were annexed. By December of the same year the small states of [[Bajana State|Bajana]], [[Bhilka State|Bhilka]], [[Malpur State|Malpur]], [[Mansa State|Mansa]] and [[Vadia State|Vadia]] followed suit.<ref>McLeod, John; ''Sovereignty, power, control: politics in the States of Western India, 1916–1947;'' Leiden u.a. 1999; {{ISBN|90-04-11343-6}}; p. 160</ref>

Finally on 5 November 1944 the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency was merged with the [[Western India States Agency]] (WISA) to form the larger [[Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency]].

After the [[independence of India]], which initially did not include Baroda or many other princely states, an interim government under Prime Minister Dr. [[Jivraj Narayan Mehta]], son-in-law of [[Manubhai Mehta]], then Dewan of Baroda state, was inaugurated in the State, on 4 September 1948, by the then Maharaja at a special ''[[Durbar (court)|Durbar]]'' in the [[Laxmi Vilas Palace]], Baroda.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xdI-AAAAIBAJ&pg=3890,6471046&dq=baroda-state&hl=en|title=Gaekwar Inaugurates Responsible Government|date=5 September 1948|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> Finally on 1 May 1949, Baroda State, the third largest state at the time of [[British India]], formally acceded to the [[Dominion of India]],<ref name=fi/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5Xw-AAAAIBAJ&pg=1263,2862239&dq=baroda-state&hl=en|title=Kher's Appeal to people &Service for Cooperation|date=2 May 1949|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> Initially, Baroda merged with the [[Bombay state]], and then, on 1 May 1960, when the two new states of [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] were formed, it became part of Gujarat, with Dr. [[Jivraj Narayan Mehta]] becoming the first [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]].

== Koli revolt ==
[[File:Koli popular in 1931.jpg|thumb|Koli population in Baroda State in 1931]]

The [[Koli people|Koli]] rebellion was led by two brothers [[Nathaji and Yamaji of Chandap|Nathaji Patel]] and [[Nathaji and Yamaji of Chandap|Yamaji Patel]], chiefs of [[Chandap]] [[Taluq]]. During the great [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], the Kolis of Chandap under Nathaji and Yamaji planning for revolt and Gaekwad of Baroda received that news. So Gaekwad stationed his cavalry at Chandap to control the rebels. But cavalry of Gaekwad was killed and thrown out by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of Chandap. After that Kolis went into [[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]] hills and continued their rebellion for few months. In the end of October 1857, the combined forces of British, [[Idar State]] and Baroda attacked Kolis and burnt the Chandap village.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|date=1970|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=38 – 40 – 52|language=en}}</ref>

In [[North Gujarat|north]]-west Gujarat, around the southern tip of the [[Aravalli district|Aravali]], a number of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Taluqdar|Talukdars]] revolted against the triumvirate of the [[British Raj|British]], [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] and Raja of [[Idar State|Idar]]. Together, these three forces burnt down two Koli villages towards the end of 1857. The Koli chieftains collected an army of 2000 Koli- and [[Bhil people|Bhil]] soldiers and attacked Gaekwadi villages near present day [[Gandhinagar]]. Adopting [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] tactics, they continued their resistance till the end of 1858. While Koli chiefs fought around the river [[Sabarmati River|Sabarmati]]. The Kolis paid a huge price for their resistance to British and Baroda. They were not only defeated in battle and punished for having dared to resist but, in the aftermath, kolis were marginalized by the rest of society as [[Outlaw|outlaws]]. Being arms-bearing community, they too were disarmed in early 1858 and also forced to practise [[agriculture]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Yājñika|first1=Acyuta|url=|title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, [[Hindutva]], and Beyond|last2=Sheth|first2=Suchitra|date=2005|publisher=[[Penguin Books India]]|year=2005|isbn=978-0-14-400038-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=93–96|language=en}}</ref>

==Baroda State Railway==

{{Main|Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway}}

The state owned the [[Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway]] (GBSR), which started in 1862 as the first narrow-gauge in India. It consisted of {{convert|8|mi}} of narrow gauge track from [[Dabhoi]] to [[Miyagam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Railways Some Fascinating Facts: First Gauge Lines|publisher=[[Indian Army]] Official website}}</ref> The railway network extended to Goyagate, Chandod, [[Bodeli]] and Samalaya Jn with Dabhoi as its focal point. After independence in 1949 this railway merged with the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]. The lines are under conversion to broad gauge currently.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Dabhoi-Bodeli-broad-gauge-section-to-become-operational/articleshow/5775666.cms Dabhoi-Bodeli broad gauge section to become operational]</ref>

==Baroda State Navy==

In late 18th century, the Baroda state established a Naval set up at [[Billimora]], a port about 40 miles south of [[Surat]], known as ''Bunder Billimora Suba Armor''. Here a fleet of 50 vessels was stationed, which included mostly sails, cargo vessels for trading and military vessels to secure the sea from Portuguese, Dutch and French.<ref name="it"/>

When political alignments changed, after the Second Anglo-Maratha war, a joint expedition of British and Barodan state troops under Colonel Walker, then resident of Baroda, approached [[Kathiawad]] in 1808, and eventually obtained bonds from the chiefs of [[Okha, India|Okha-mandal]] and from the maritime states of Kathiawad renouncing piracy. Then in 1813, the Barodan government acquired the ''[[parganah]]'' of [[Kodinar]] (in present [[Junagadh district]]), where at port of [[Kodinar|Velan]] a small fleet of four frigates with 12-pounder guns on each for the protection of the trade between Bombay and [[Sindh]] was established. These four armed vessels were named ''Anandprasad'', ''Sarsuba'', ''Anamat Vart'' and ''Anne Maria'', which was purchased from the [[Shah of Iran]], and was known as 'Shah Kai Khusru' until then.<ref name="it"/>

==Gaekwad Maharajas of Baroda==

[[File:Kirtim.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|[[Kirti Mandir, Vadodara|Kirti Mandir]], the [[cenotaph]] of the [[Gaekwad]]s in Baroda.]]
[[File:Pratapsinhrao Gaekwad.jpg|thumb|269x269px|Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad]]
{{See also|Gaekwad dynasty}}
* [[Pilaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1721–1732)
* [[Damaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1732–1768)
* [[Sayaji Rao I Gaekwad]] (1768–1778)
* [[Fateh Singh Rao Gaekwad]] (1778–1789)
* [[Manaji Rao Gaekwad]] (1789–1793)
* [[Govind Rao Gaekwad]] (1793–1800)
* [[Anand Rao Gaekwad]] (1800–1818)
* [[Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II]] (1818–1847)
* [[Ganpat Rao Gaekwad]] (1847–1856)
*[[Khanderao II Gaekwad|Khande Rao Gaekwad]] (1856–1870)
* [[Malhar Rao Gaekwad]] (1870–1875)
* [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] (1875–1939)
*[[Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad]] (1939–1951); ruled from 1939-1947, serving as nominal ruler to his death in 1951

===Titular Maharajas===
* [[Fatehsinghrao Gaekwad]] II (1951–1988) titular Maharaj of Baroda until 1971 when All the royal titles in India were officially abolished in 1971 under the [[Twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India]] by [[Indira Gandhi]]'s government.

===Later head of family===
* [[Ranjitsinh Pratapsinh Gaekwad]] (1988–2012; [[pretender]])
* [[Samarjitsinh Gaekwad]] (2012 – pretender)

===Present line of succession to the Baroda throne===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
The Gaekwad dynasty follows the standard of male primogeniture in matters of succession. The present line of succession is as follows:
# Shrimant Prince (Maharajkumar) [[Sangramsinh Gaekwad|Sangramsinhrao Gaekwad]], the Heir Presumptive (6 August 1941–). Uncle of the present Maharaja.
# Shrimant Maharajkumar Pratapsinhrao Sangramsinhrao Gaekwad (26 August 1971–). Only son of Sangramsinhrao Gaekwad.
# Shrimant Rajkumar Sayajirao Khanderao Gaekwad (6 April 1947–). Great-grandson of [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] by the Maharaja's younger son [[Shivajirao Gaekwad|Shivajirao]] (1890–1919) and through Shivajirao's son Khanderao (1916–1991). Has two daughters.
# Shrimant Rajkumar Anandrao Khanderao Gaekwad (28 September 1948–). Younger brother of Sayajirao Khanderao Gaekwad. Has two sons.
# Shrimant Shivajirao Anandrao Gaekwar (21 September 1983–). Elder son of Anandrao Khanderao Gaekwad.
# Shrimant Udaysingh Anandrao Gaekwar (3 December 1990–). Younger son of Anandrao Khanderao Gaekwad.
# Shrimant Kr Jeetendrasinh Gautamsinhrao Gaekwad (4 Nov 1960–), son of Late Professor Shrimant Gautamsinhrao Bhadrasinhrao Gaekwad (1936–2006). Great Grandnephew of Maharaja Sir Sayajirao III. Great Grandson of the Maharaja's late elder brother 'Senapati' Anandrao, ''Himmat Bahadur'', CIE (1857–1917). Grandson of Anandrao's son 'Rajyakarya Dhurandhar' 'Dewan' 'Barrister' Bhadrasinhrao Anandrao Gaekwad, CIE (1896–1946).
# Shrimant Satyajitsinhrao Duleepsinhrao Gaekwad (3 March 1962–). Great-grandnephew of [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] through the Maharaja's elder brother Anandrao, ''Himmat Bahadur'', CIE (1857–1917), through Anandrao's son Chandrasinhrao (born 1894–?) and through his grandson Duleepsinhrao (b. c. 1920–?)
#Shrimant Yudeepsinhrao Satyajitsinhrao Gaekwad (2001–). Son of Satyajitsinhrao.

== Diwans of Baroda==

List of Diwans of Baroda:<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC|page=24|author1=R. V. Solomon|author2=J. W. Bond|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=2006|isbn = 9788120619654}}</ref>

* [[Bhau Shinde]] – (17 November 1867 – 24 November 1869)
* [[Nimbaji Rao Dhole]] (acting) – (25 November 1869 – November 1870)
* [[Hariba Dada]] – (November 1870 – March 1871)
* [[Gopal Rav Mairal]] – (22 March 1871 – 1872)
* [[Balwant Rao Bhicaji Rahurakar]] – (1872–72) (4 months)
* [[Balvantrav Khanvelkar]] – (November 1872 – March 1873)
* [[Shivaji Rao Khanvelkar]] – (5 March 1873 – 4 August 1874)
*[[Dadabhai Naoroji]] – ( 4 August 1874 – 7 January 1875)
*[[Raja]]h [[Sir]] [[T. Madhava Rao]] – (16 May 1875 – 28 September 1882)
*[[Khan Bahadur]] Kazi Shahabuddin – (29 September 1882 – 31 July 1886)
*[[Diwan Bahadur]] [[Lakshman Jagannath Vaidya]] – (1 August 1886 – 30 May 1890)
*[[Diwan Bahadur]] [[Manibhai Jashbhai]] – (31 May 1890 – 21 November 1895)
*[[Diwan Bahadur]] [[S. Srinivasa Raghavaiyangar]] – (15 July 1895 – 2 July 1901)
* [[Diwan Bahadur]] R. V. Dhamnaskar – (3 October 1901 – 30 June 1904)
* [[Kersaspji Rustamji Dadachanji]] – (1 July 1904 – 28 February 1909)
* [[Romesh Chunder Dutt]], I.C.S – (1 June 1909 – 30 November 1909)
* [[Rahim Suleman Theba]], I.C.S – (1 December 1909 – 3 January 1912)
* [[Behari Lal Gupta]], I.C.S – (4 January 1912 – 16 March 1914)
* [[V. P. Madhava Rao]] – (17 March 1914 – 7 May 1916)
* [[Manubhai Mehta|Manubhai Nandshankar Mehta]] – (8 May 1916 – 1927)
* [[V. T. Krishnamachari]] – (1927–1944)
* [[Bhadrasinh Anandrao Gaekwar]] – (1944–1945)
* Sir [[Brojendra Lal Mitter]] – (1945–1947)
* [[Sakharam Amrit Sudhalkar]] – (October 1947 – June 1948)
* [[Jivraj Narayan Mehta]] – (1 June 1948 – 1 May 1949)

==Historiography==

In 2007, Gujarat State Department of Archives started digitising 600,000 files, including Baroda state registers, prints, maps, ''abhinandan patra'' or ''maan patra'' (felicitation letters) offered to the erstwhile King by different provincial states and organisation, ''aagna patrika'' ([[gazette]]), ''huzur'' orders, and volumes of letters exchanged and agreements of the princely state with other provincial states and the [[British Raj]], currently housed at the 'Southern Circle Record Office' at Vadodara, where a permanent exhibition had also been set up.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/erstwhile-gaekwad-states-archives-being-digitised/254807/ |title=Erstwhile Gaekwad state's archives being digitised |date=27 December 2007 |work=The Indian Express|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191120/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/erstwhile-gaekwad-states-archives-being-digitised/254807/ |archive-date=10 October 2012}}</ref>
{|
|- valign="top"
|[[File:The Gaekwar in his palace.jpg|thumb|320px|The Gaekwar in his palace]]
|[[File:Procession1872b.jpg|thumb|145px|Procession in 1872]]
|[[File:Baroda king on great sowari*.jpg|thumb|320px|Baroda king on the Great Sowari royal procession]]
|}

==See also==
* Koli rebellions
* [[Political integration of India]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[Maratha Empire]]
*[[Red Ensign]]

==Further reading==

* {{cite book|last= Foote|first=Robert Bruce|title=The geology of Baroda State|year=1898|publisher=Addison}}
* Mukerjea, Satyavrata. ''Baroda State''. Government Printing, 1921.
*{{cite book|last=Gadre|first=A. S. |title=Important Inscriptions from the Baroda State – (Volume 1)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v47SWFtJkwwC&q=%22Baroda+State%22+-inpublisher:icon|year=2007|publisher=READ BOOKS|isbn=978-1-4067-1136-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Gupte|first=Balkrishna Atmaram|title=Selections from the Historical records of the Hereditary minister of Baroda, consisting of letters from Bombay, Baroda, Poona and Satara governments|url=https://archive.org/stream/selectionsfromhi00guptuoft#page/n5/mode/2up|year=1922|publisher=University of Calcutta}}
* {{cite book
| last = F. A. H. Elliot
| title = The Rulers of Baroda
| publisher = Baroda State Press 1934
| id = ASIN B0006C35QS
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gense
| first = James
| title = The Gaikwads of Baroda
| year = 1939
| url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283204
| publisher = D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co 1942
| id = ASIN B0007K1PL6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kothekara
| first = Santa
| title = The Gaikwads of Baroda and the East India Company, 1770–1820
| publisher = Nagpur University
| id = ASIN B0006D2LAI
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gaekwad
| first = Fatesinghrao * Biography of Maharaja Sayajirao III by Daji Nagesh Apte
| title = Sayajirao of Baroda: The Prince and the Man
| year = 1989
| publisher = Popular Prakashan
| isbn = 978-0-86132-214-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gaekwar
| first = Sayaji Rao
| title = Speeches and addresses of Sayaji Rao III, Maharaja Gaekwar of Baroda
| publisher = H. Milford 1933
| id = ASIN B000855T0I
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Rice
| first = Stanley
| title = Life of Sayaji Rao III, Maharaja of Baroda
| year = 1931
|url=https://archive.org/details/LifeOfSayajiRaoIiiMaharajaOfBaroda
| publisher = Oxford university press 1931
| id = ASIN B00085DDFG
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Clair
| first = Edward
|url=https://archive.org/stream/yearwithgaekwaro00weedrich#page/n9/mode/2up
| title = A Year with the Gaekwar of Baroda
| year = 1911
| publisher = D. Estes & co 1911
| id = ASIN B0008BLVV8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = MacLeod
| first = John
| title = Sovereignty, Power, Control: Politics in the State of Western India, 1916–1947
| year = 1999
| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers
| isbn = 90-04-11343-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kamerkar
| first = Mani
| title = British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848
| publisher = Popular Prakashan
| id = ASIN B000JLZE6A
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kooiman
| first = Dick
| title = Communalism and Indian Princely States: Travancore, Baroda and Hyderabad in the 1930s
| year = 2002
| publisher = Manohar Pubns
| isbn = 978-81-7304-421-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Desai
| first = Govindbhai
| title = Forty Years in Baroda: Being Reminiscences of Forty Years' Service in the Baroda State
| publisher = Pustakalaya Sahayak Sahakari Mandal 1929
| id = ASIN B0006E18R4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Maharaja of Baroda
| title = The Palaces of India
| year = 1980
| publisher = Viking Pr
| isbn = 978-0-00-211678-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Doshi
| first = Saryu
| title = The royal bequest: Art treasures of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery
| year = 1995
| publisher = India Book House
| isbn = 978-81-7508-009-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Moore
| first = Lucy
| title = Maharanis; the extraordinary tale of four Indian queens and their journey from purdah to parliament
| year = 2005
| publisher = Viking Press
| isbn = 0-670-03368-5
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/maharanisextraor00moor
}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Citations ===

* {{cite book|chapter=Baroda State|title=[[Imperial Gazetteer of India|Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 7]]|chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_031.gif|year=1908|publisher=[[Oxford]] at the [[Clarendon Press]]|pages=25–84|ref=Im}}

==External links==

{{Commons category|Baroda State}}
* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/b/baroda.html Genealogy of princely states of Baroda] at ''[[Queensland University]]''
* [http://coinindia.com/galleries-baroda.html Coins of Baroda State]

{{Princely states of India}}
{{Princely states of the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|22.18|N|73.12|E|source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Baroda State| ]]
[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:History of Vadodara]]
[[Category:Gaekwad dynasty]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:1721 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Hindu states]]
[[Category:Gun salute princely states]]

Baroda State - Revision history

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