Barca snakehead - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 11 February 2022
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	{{Speciesbox		{{Speciesbox
	\| name = Barca snakehead		\| name = Barca snakehead
	\| image = Channa barca ~~Day~~.~~png~~		\| image = Channa barca - Hamilton 35 (cropped).jpg
	\| status = EN		\| status = DD
	\| status_system = IUCN3.1		\| status_system = IUCN3.1
	\| status_ref = <ref name=~~IUCN~~>{{cite iucn \| author = Chaudhry, S. \| ~~year~~ = 2010 \| title = ''Channa barca'' \| volume = 2010 \| page = e.T166596A6244166 \| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166596A6244166.en \| access-date = ~~22 December 2019~~}}</ref>		\| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn \|author=Chaudhry, S. \|date=2010 \|title=''Channa barca'' \|volume=2010 \|page=e.T166596A6244166 \|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166596A6244166.en \|access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
	\| genus = Channa		\| genus = Channa
	\| species = barca		\| species = barca
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	}}		}}

	The '''Barca snakehead''' (''Channa barca'') is a rare species of [[Snakehead (fish)\|snakehead]]. It is [[Endemism\|endemic]] to the upper [[Brahmaputra river]] basin in northeastern [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase \| genus = Channa \| species = barca \| month = February \| year = 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iucnredlistbd.org/Species/Single/FI0003\|title=Details - Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh\|website=www.iucnredlistbd.org\|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> Records from [[Nepal]] are of doubtful validity.<ref name=~~IUCN~~/> Overall it has been assessed as [[data deficient]] by the [[IUCN]],<ref name=~~IUCN~~/> and in 2014 it was assessed as [[critically endangered]] in Bangladesh by the IUCN.<ref name=":0" /> In Assam, it is locally known as ''cheng garaka'' or ''garaka cheng''.		The '''Barca snakehead''' (''Channa barca'') is a rare species of [[Snakehead (fish)\|snakehead]]. It is [[Endemism\|endemic]] to the upper [[Brahmaputra river]] basin in northeastern [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase \| genus = Channa \| species = barca \| month = February \| year = 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iucnredlistbd.org/Species/Single/FI0003\|title=Details - Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh\|website=www.iucnredlistbd.org\|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> Records from [[Nepal]] are of doubtful validity.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Overall it has been assessed as [[data deficient]] by the [[IUCN]],<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> and in 2014 it was assessed as [[critically endangered]] in Bangladesh by the IUCN.<ref name=":0" /> In Assam, it is locally known as ''cheng garaka'' or ''garaka cheng''.

	This is a relatively large snakehead, reaching a [[total length]] of up to {{cvt\|105\|cm\|ft\|1}}.<ref name=FishBase/> The species is regarded as an excellent [[food fish]],<ref name=FishBase/> and it is also highly desired by aquarists, but its rarity, behavior and large size makes it unsuitable for most aquariums.<ref name=SeriouslyFish>SeriouslyFish: [http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/channa-barca/ Channa barca]. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</ref>		This is a relatively large snakehead, reaching a [[total length]] of up to {{cvt\|105\|cm\|ft\|1}}.<ref name=FishBase/> The species is regarded as an excellent [[food fish]],<ref name=FishBase/> and it is also highly desired by aquarists, but its rarity, behavior and large size makes it unsuitable for most aquariums.<ref name=SeriouslyFish>SeriouslyFish: [http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/channa-barca/ Channa barca]. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</ref>
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	== Distribution, habitat and behavior==		== Distribution, habitat and behavior==
	The barca snakehead is only known from the upper Brahmaputra river basin		The barca snakehead is only known from the upper Brahmaputra river basin
	the [[Assam]] and [[Nagaland]] in India,<ref name=~~IUCN~~/> and [[Sylhet Division\|Sylhet]] in Bangladesh.<ref name=":0"/> Records from [[Nepal]] are of doubtful validity.<ref name=~~IUCN~~/> It mostly inhabits wetlands, often near the margins, but can also be seen in riverine habitats.<ref name=Choudhury2003>Choudhury, M., and S.P. Biswas (2003). Maturity and spawning habit of an ornamental snakehead fish Channa barca (Hamilton). J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hlth. 3: 149-152.</ref><ref name=Goswami2006>Goswami, M.M., B. Arunav, and P. Janardan (2006). Comparative biometry, habitat structure and distribution of endemic snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) species of Assam, India. Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India 38(1): 1-8.</ref> It is able to withstand large variations in water temperature and oxygen levels as its habitat experiences large seasonal changes in flood levels.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> It often inhabits a vertical tunnel that typically is around {{convert\|1\|m\|ft\|spell=in}} long and goes down to the [[water table]]. The tunnel ends in a chamber where the fish may spend the dry season when the wetlands above it disappear.<ref name=SeriouslyFish/> Some other snakeheads that inhabit the same general region as the barca snakehead have also been reported to "[[hibernate]]" during the dry season, including the closely related [[orange-spotted snakehead]] (''C. aurantimaculata'').<ref name=Gogoi2016>Gogoi, N., L.P. Hazarika and S.P. Biswas (2016). Studies on the reproductive biology and captive breeding of an endemic fish from Assam Channa aurantimaculata. Journal of Environmental Biology 37: 369-374. {{doi\|10.13140/RG.2.1.1548.3763}}</ref> The overall conservation status of the barca snakehead is poorly known, but it appears to generally be a scarce or rare species.<ref name=~~IUCN~~/><ref name=SeriouslyFish/>		the [[Assam]] and [[Nagaland]] in India,<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> and [[Sylhet Division\|Sylhet]] in Bangladesh.<ref name=":0"/> Records from [[Nepal]] are of doubtful validity.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> It mostly inhabits wetlands, often near the margins, but can also be seen in riverine habitats.<ref name=Choudhury2003>Choudhury, M., and S.P. Biswas (2003). Maturity and spawning habit of an ornamental snakehead fish Channa barca (Hamilton). J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hlth. 3: 149-152.</ref><ref name=Goswami2006>Goswami, M.M., B. Arunav, and P. Janardan (2006). Comparative biometry, habitat structure and distribution of endemic snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) species of Assam, India. Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India 38(1): 1-8.</ref> It is able to withstand large variations in water temperature and oxygen levels as its habitat experiences large seasonal changes in flood levels.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> It often inhabits a vertical tunnel that typically is around {{convert\|1\|m\|ft\|spell=in}} long and goes down to the [[water table]]. The tunnel ends in a chamber where the fish may spend the dry season when the wetlands above it disappear.<ref name=SeriouslyFish/> Some other snakeheads that inhabit the same general region as the barca snakehead have also been reported to "[[hibernate]]" during the dry season, including the closely related [[orange-spotted snakehead]] (''C. aurantimaculata'').<ref name=Gogoi2016>Gogoi, N., L.P. Hazarika and S.P. Biswas (2016). Studies on the reproductive biology and captive breeding of an endemic fish from Assam Channa aurantimaculata. Journal of Environmental Biology 37: 369-374. {{doi\|10.13140/RG.2.1.1548.3763}}</ref> The overall conservation status of the barca snakehead is poorly known, but it appears to generally be a scarce or rare species.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref name=SeriouslyFish/>

	The species is highly carnivorous,<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh\|last=Rahman\|first=A.K. Ataur\|publisher=Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka\|year=2005\|location=Dhaka, Bangladesh}}</ref> feeding mostly on fish.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> Little is known about the breeding behavior, but like its nearest relatives it is likely a [[mouthbrooder]].<ref name=SeriouslyFish/> Maturity may occur when only {{cvt\|12.5\|cm\|0}} long, but most individuals are around two or three times that size before they reach it.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> The breeding season is prolonged and begins when the [[beel]]s they inhabit are flooded by pre-[[Monsoon of South Asia\|monsoonal]] rain in April–May. The species has a low [[fecundity]] and both parents take care of the young.<ref name=Choudhury2003/>		The species is highly carnivorous,<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh\|last=Rahman\|first=A.K. Ataur\|publisher=Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka\|year=2005\|location=Dhaka, Bangladesh}}</ref> feeding mostly on fish.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> Little is known about the breeding behavior, but like its nearest relatives it is likely a [[mouthbrooder]].<ref name=SeriouslyFish/> Maturity may occur when only {{cvt\|12.5\|cm\|0}} long, but most individuals are around two or three times that size before they reach it.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> The breeding season is prolonged and begins when the [[beel]]s they inhabit are flooded by pre-[[Monsoon of South Asia\|monsoonal]] rain in April–May. The species has a low [[fecundity]] and both parents take care of the young.<ref name=Choudhury2003/>

>Trappist the monk: {{cite iucn}}: converted doi.org |url= to |doi= (1×);

2021-09-23T19:06:29Z

{{cite iucn}}: converted doi.org |url= to |doi= (1×);

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:36, 24 September 2021
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	\| status = EN		\| status = EN
	\| status_system = IUCN3.1		\| status_system = IUCN3.1
	\| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn \| author = Chaudhry, S. \| year = 2010 \| title = ''Channa barca'' \| volume = 2010 \| page = e.T166596A6244166 \| ~~url~~ = ~~http://dx.doi.org/~~10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166596A6244166.en \| access-date = 22 December 2019}}</ref>		\| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn \| author = Chaudhry, S. \| year = 2010 \| title = ''Channa barca'' \| volume = 2010 \| page = e.T166596A6244166 \| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166596A6244166.en \| access-date = 22 December 2019}}</ref>
	\| genus = Channa		\| genus = Channa
	\| species = barca		\| species = barca

imported>J947: Adding local short description: "Species of fish", overriding Wikidata description "species of fish" (Shortdesc helper)

2021-02-23T01:53:26Z

Adding local short description: "Species of fish", overriding Wikidata description "species of fish" (Shortdesc helper)

New page

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Barca snakehead
| image = Channa barca Day.png
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author = Chaudhry, S. | year = 2010 | title = ''Channa barca'' | volume = 2010 | page = e.T166596A6244166 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166596A6244166.en | access-date = 22 December 2019}}</ref>
| genus = Channa
| species = barca
| authority = ([[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|F. Hamilton]], 1822)
| synonyms = *''Ophiocephalus barca'' <small>Hamilton, 1822</small>
*''Ophicephalus nigricans'' <small>[[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1831</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = FishBase/>
}}

The '''Barca snakehead''' (''Channa barca'') is a rare species of [[Snakehead (fish)|snakehead]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the upper [[Brahmaputra river]] basin in northeastern [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase | genus = Channa | species = barca | month = February | year = 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iucnredlistbd.org/Species/Single/FI0003|title=Details - Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh|website=www.iucnredlistbd.org|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> Records from [[Nepal]] are of doubtful validity.<ref name=IUCN/> Overall it has been assessed as [[data deficient]] by the [[IUCN]],<ref name=IUCN/> and in 2014 it was assessed as [[critically endangered]] in Bangladesh by the IUCN.<ref name=":0" /> In Assam, it is locally known as ''cheng garaka'' or ''garaka cheng''.

This is a relatively large snakehead, reaching a [[total length]] of up to {{cvt|105|cm|ft|1}}.<ref name=FishBase/> The species is regarded as an excellent [[food fish]],<ref name=FishBase/> and it is also highly desired by aquarists, but its rarity, behavior and large size makes it unsuitable for most aquariums.<ref name=SeriouslyFish>SeriouslyFish: [http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/channa-barca/ Channa barca]. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</ref>

== Distribution, habitat and behavior==
The barca snakehead is only known from the upper Brahmaputra river basin
the [[Assam]] and [[Nagaland]] in India,<ref name=IUCN/> and [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]] in Bangladesh.<ref name=":0"/> Records from [[Nepal]] are of doubtful validity.<ref name=IUCN/> It mostly inhabits wetlands, often near the margins, but can also be seen in riverine habitats.<ref name=Choudhury2003>Choudhury, M., and S.P. Biswas (2003). Maturity and spawning habit of an ornamental snakehead fish Channa barca (Hamilton). J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hlth. 3: 149-152.</ref><ref name=Goswami2006>Goswami, M.M., B. Arunav, and P. Janardan (2006). Comparative biometry, habitat structure and distribution of endemic snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) species of Assam, India. Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India 38(1): 1-8.</ref> It is able to withstand large variations in water temperature and oxygen levels as its habitat experiences large seasonal changes in flood levels.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> It often inhabits a vertical tunnel that typically is around {{convert|1|m|ft|spell=in}} long and goes down to the [[water table]]. The tunnel ends in a chamber where the fish may spend the dry season when the wetlands above it disappear.<ref name=SeriouslyFish/> Some other snakeheads that inhabit the same general region as the barca snakehead have also been reported to "[[hibernate]]" during the dry season, including the closely related [[orange-spotted snakehead]] (''C. aurantimaculata'').<ref name=Gogoi2016>Gogoi, N., L.P. Hazarika and S.P. Biswas (2016). Studies on the reproductive biology and captive breeding of an endemic fish from Assam Channa aurantimaculata. Journal of Environmental Biology 37: 369-374. {{doi|10.13140/RG.2.1.1548.3763}}</ref> The overall conservation status of the barca snakehead is poorly known, but it appears to generally be a scarce or rare species.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=SeriouslyFish/>

The species is highly carnivorous,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh|last=Rahman|first=A.K. Ataur|publisher=Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka|year=2005|location=Dhaka, Bangladesh}}</ref> feeding mostly on fish.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> Little is known about the breeding behavior, but like its nearest relatives it is likely a [[mouthbrooder]].<ref name=SeriouslyFish/> Maturity may occur when only {{cvt|12.5|cm|0}} long, but most individuals are around two or three times that size before they reach it.<ref name=Choudhury2003/> The breeding season is prolonged and begins when the [[beel]]s they inhabit are flooded by pre-[[Monsoon of South Asia|monsoonal]] rain in April–May. The species has a low [[fecundity]] and both parents take care of the young.<ref name=Choudhury2003/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ITIS |id=642748 |taxon=Channa barca |accessdate=18 April 2006}}
{{Wikispecies}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q150496}}

[[Category:Channa|Barca snakehead]]
[[Category:Goalpara]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1822]]