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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox location<br />
| name = Barahoti<br />
| official_name = Barahoti<br />
| settlement_type = Pasture land/ Village<br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|30.8333|79.9667|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = District<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chamoli]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = State<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
| elevation_m = 4700<br />
<!-- General information --------------->| timezone = IST<br />
| utc_offset = +5:30<br />
| other_name = Wu-Je<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Barahoti''' ('''Bara Hoti''' or '''Hoti Plain'''), located in the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]], is an {{Convert|80|km2|mi2|abbr=}} sloping pasture under Indian administration claimed by China since June 1954. Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory to be claimed by China, and notably, the Chinese did not know the exact location of Barahoti when claiming it.<br />
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== History ==<br />
In July 1952, an [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau of India]] note stated that during the end of the 19th century the Tibetans had been establishing a customs post at the Hoti Plain. In 1890, the British got the Tibetans to remove the post, however, the Tibetans re-established the post in later years. The IB note said that if the Tibetans are not removed, they may eventually claim the territory.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Arpi|first=Claude|author-link=Claude Arpi|date=2017-05-19|title=The case of Barahoti, the first Himalyan blunder|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/the-case-of-barahoti-the-first-himalyan-blunder-2/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Indian Defence Review|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Chandrashekhar|first=R|date=2017-08-01|title=Whether Bara Hoti or Doka La, India must resist China's advances on ground, learn from history|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/whether-bara-hoti-or-doklam-india-must-resist-all-china-advances-on-ground-learn-from-history-3881263.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Firstpost}}</ref><br />
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However, following a statement by the {{Efn|Uttarakhand was formed out of Uttar Pradesh in 2000|name=|group=}}Uttar Pradesh government at the time that no encroachment had taken place in the area, the Chinese claimed the area as their own. Further, Indian negotiators made a mistake at the time; in Beijing, they only named six passes without delineating other locations on the border. China saw the opportunity and started claiming numerous areas including the area south of the [[Tunjun-la pass]], where the plain of Barahoti is located.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><br />
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India and China communicated until 1958, when a conference on the issue was held. The talks failed. After the failure of the talks, [[Subimal Dutt]] wrote: "The only positive suggestion made by the Chinese is that there should be a joint local enquiry". [[Claude Arpi]] notes that "India refused (the joint local enquiry) when it discovered that was just a pretext for China to find out the exact location of the place. They thought that Barahoti (they call it Wuje) was north of Tunjun-la."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><br />
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In India's central sector consisting of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, Barahoti is part of the '''Barahoti Lapthal Sangchamalla''' claim by China.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=K. Krishna|date=1962|title=The Sino-Indian Boundary Question and International Law|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/756600|journal=The International and Comparative Law Quarterly|volume=11|issue=2|pages=375: 375–415|issn=0020-5893}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=View: Signs of trouble in central sector too|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/view-signs-of-trouble-in-central-sector-too/articleshow/77733927.cms|access-date=2020-10-11}}</ref><br />
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== Geography ==<br />
Barahoti is located south of the Tunjun-la pass.<ref name=":0" /> It is a three kilometer trek from Barahoti to Barahoti ridge, from where Parvati Kund is a short distance. Within Barahoti is the seasonal Hoti river.<ref name=":1" /> Barahoti is surrounded by snowy mountain peaks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 September 2020|title=Amidst ongoing stand-off with China, fresh incursion by Chinese soldiers in Barahoti area of Uttarakhand?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/amidst-ongoing-stand-off-with-china-fresh-incursion-by-chinese-soldiers-in-barahoti-area-of-ukhand/articleshow/78152650.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Recent developments ==<br />
In Barahoti, there are small Hindu shrines. The Chinese have reportedly pulled down these shrines multiple times.<ref name=":1" /> The border is not demarcated in the area and it is a demilitarised zone in which [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] do not carry firearms.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> As per an agreement in 2005, firearms in the area are not allowed.<ref name=":0" /> However, in 2016, uniformed Chinese soldiers entered the area with firearms.<ref name=":0" /> [[Claude Arpi]] notes that the government of India played down the situation.<ref name=":0" /> Chinese transgressions into Barahoti have been reported by the Indian media over the years including in 2014, 2017 and 2018.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2017-08-01|others=PTI|title=Barahoti a disputed area, no clear demarcation which part belongs to China or India: Uttarakhand CM|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sikkim-border-doklam-standoff-barahoti-a-disputed-area-no-clear-demarcation-which-part-belongs-to-china-or-india-uttarakhand-cm-4777817/|access-date=2020-09-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Prashant|date=21 July 2020|title=Amidst India-China standoff, security agencies keeping close eye on Barahoti in U'khand|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/amidst-india-china-standoff-security-agencies-keeping-close-eye-on-barahoti-in-ukhand/articleshow/77072523.cms|access-date=2020-09-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> In 2013, the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand told New Delhi that 37 incursion attempts had been made between 2007 and 2012 in Barahoti.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Trivedi|first=Anupam|date=2016-07-28|title=Chinese incursions: 10 things to know about Uttarakhand’s Barahoti border|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chinese-incursions-10-things-to-know-about-uttarakhand-s-barahoti-border/story-LUMroyBE8nzQdxVKXVGX3I.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Notes ==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.claudearpi.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-History-of-Barahoti.pdf The History of Barahoti Plain] by [[Claude Arpi]]<br />
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[[Category:Borders of India]]<br />
[[Category:Territorial disputes of India]]<br />
[[Category:Territorial disputes of China]]<br />
[[Category:China–India relations]]<br />
[[Category:Uttarakhand]]</div>>Kautilya3