Bar Bhayat ni Jamat - Revision history

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	==History==		==History==
	Maharao [[Rayadhan III]], who had become unpopular and had turned religious fanatic, who tried to convert his pupils to Islam which fuelled the revolt. He was deposed by the revolt of ''Jamadar''s, the local chiefs, led by Meghji Sheth, the administrator of [[Anjar, India\|Anjar]]. He seized the palace gates, and the Rao, forced to submit, was placed under restraint in 1786.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=149}}		Maharao [[Rayadhan III]], who had become unpopular and had turned religious fanatic, who tried to convert his pupils to Islam which fuelled the revolt. He was deposed by the revolt of ''Jamadar''s, the local chiefs, led by Meghji Sheth, the administrator of [[Anjar, India\|Anjar]]. He seized the palace gates, and the Rao, forced to submit, was placed under restraint in 1786.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=149}}

	The chief actors, the Jamadars and Meghji Seth, raised [[Prithvirajji]], Rayadhan's younger brother to the chiefship, appointed during his minority a council known as the ''Bar Bhayat ni Jamat'' which was a congregation of power. This twelve member council consisted of three members of the brothers from [[Jadeja]] ruler's family, three Mahajans (rich and influential moneylender or businessman from Hindu and [[Jain]] communities), three members from Muslim community, one member from Miyana community, one member of Gara Sadar, one member of the army.		The chief actors, the Jamadars and Meghji Seth, raised [[Prithvirajji]], Rayadhan's younger brother to the chiefship, appointed during his minority a council known as the ''Bar Bhayat ni Jamat'' which was a congregation of power. This twelve member council consisted of three members of the brothers from [[Jadeja]] ruler's family, three Mahajans (rich and influential moneylender or businessman from Hindu and [[Jain]] communities), three members from Muslim community, one member from Miyana community, one member of Gara Sadar, one member of the army.
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	Initially the council was successful in restoring order in the state but soon disagreement followed. Meghji Seth of Anjar established himself there as an almost independent ruler. To his party belonged the chief of Mandvi and Aima Bai, the mother of the Prithvirajji, and by their secession, the power of Dosal Ven and the other members of the council was greatly reduced. To add to the confusion two members of the council freed Rayadhan III from restraint.		Initially the council was successful in restoring order in the state but soon disagreement followed. Meghji Seth of Anjar established himself there as an almost independent ruler. To his party belonged the chief of Mandvi and Aima Bai, the mother of the Prithvirajji, and by their secession, the power of Dosal Ven and the other members of the council was greatly reduced. To add to the confusion two members of the council freed Rayadhan III from restraint.

	The rest of the members of council left [[Bhuj]] and the disorders followed. [[Fateh Muhammad]] again placed Rayadhan under restraint.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=149}} Thus he was admitted a member of Jamat. He with support of Jadeja chiefs and with his popularity in troops, Fateh Muhammad put an end to the supremacy of Dosal Ven who retired to [[Mundra]] and restored Prithvirajji to his proper position as the head of the state.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=149}} As minister, Fateh Muhammad won regards of the young Prithvirajji, he secured the favour of the Jadejas by pensions ; and, by raising a powerful body of mercenaries acted with such vigour against those who opposed him all the members of the council were either banished from Cutch, or placed in confinement. Fateh Muhammad administered the state from 1786 to 1801 unified the Kutch and stabilised the order. The prosperity of the state grew and he became popular among the people.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=150}} When Prithvirajji arrived at mature age, he forced Fateh Muhammad to retire with help of Seth Hansraj. He retired under the agreement of [[Bhachau]] in 1801.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=151}} After this the place of minister became a matter of keen dispute, and Muhammad Miyan, passed over in favour of Rana Hansraj. Scarcely were these troubles settled, when Prithvirajji died at the early age of twenty-seven.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=151}}		The rest of the members of council left [[Bhuj]] and the disorders followed. [[Fateh Muhammad]] again placed Rayadhan under restraint.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=149}} Thus he was admitted a member of Jamat. He with support of Jadeja chiefs and with his popularity in troops, Fateh Muhammad put an end to the supremacy of Dosal Ven who retired to [[Mundra]] and restored Prithvirajji to his proper position as the head of the state.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=149}} As minister, Fateh Muhammad won regards of the young Prithvirajji, he secured the favour of the Jadejas by pensions ; and, by raising a powerful body of mercenaries acted with such vigour against those who opposed him all the members of the council were either banished from Cutch, or placed in confinement. Fateh Muhammad administered the state from 1786 to 1801 unified the Kutch and stabilised the order. The prosperity of the state grew and he became popular among the people.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=150}} When Prithvirajji arrived at mature age, he forced Fateh Muhammad to retire with help of Seth Hansraj. He retired under the agreement of [[Bhachau]] in 1801.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=151}} After this the place of minister became a matter of keen dispute, and Muhammad Miyan, passed over in favour of Rana Hansraj. Scarcely were these troubles settled, when Prithvirajji died at the early age of twenty-seven.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=151}}

	;Under Rayadhan III (1801-1813)		;Under Rayadhan III (1801-1813)
	Rayadhan took over the administration again after the death of Prithvirajji.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=~~152-153~~}} He tried kill Hansraj, who saved his life by fleeing to [[Mandvi]]. Rayadhan was at last independent. But he had no funds, and before long, wasforced to call Hansraj to his help. Hansraj came, and succeeding in placing Rayadhan under restraint, carried on the government at Bhuj. About this time (1802), he offered to cede Cutch to the British Government on condition that they would grant a maintenance to Rao Rayadhan and his relations.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=151}}		Rayadhan took over the administration again after the death of Prithvirajji.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|pp=152—153}} He tried kill Hansraj, who saved his life by fleeing to [[Mandvi]]. Rayadhan was at last independent. But he had no funds, and before long, wasforced to call Hansraj to his help. Hansraj came, and succeeding in placing Rayadhan under restraint, carried on the government at Bhuj. About this time (1802), he offered to cede Cutch to the British Government on condition that they would grant a maintenance to Rao Rayadhan and his relations.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=151}}

	Meanwhile, Fateh Muhammad was building port at [[Tuna Port\|Tuna]] near Anjar. His follower secretly communicated with Seth Hansraj, invited him to attack Anjar. Followers joined the force of Hansraj and attacked the town unsuccessfully. They returned to Bhuj where one day taking advantage of Hansraj's absence, on condition of a promise of the post of minister, set Rao Rayadhan free. {{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=~~151-152~~}}		Meanwhile, Fateh Muhammad was building port at [[Tuna Port\|Tuna]] near Anjar. His follower secretly communicated with Seth Hansraj, invited him to attack Anjar. Followers joined the force of Hansraj and attacked the town unsuccessfully. They returned to Bhuj where one day taking advantage of Hansraj's absence, on condition of a promise of the post of minister, set Rao Rayadhan free. {{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|pp=151—152}}

	Fateh Muhammad, after his victory, continued to advance on Bhuj and put Rayadhan again under restraint.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=152}} He rose to power in 1804 and gradually won the dissenting chiefs. He used force to extract revenues and levied fines to raise the money.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=~~152-153~~}} He took over Mandvi in 1809 after death of Hansraj and negotiated with British agent [[James MacMurdo]] regarding piracy in [[Arabian Sea]].{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=153}} During the siege of Kanthkot in Vagad his army suffered so severely that Fateh Muhammad was forced to retire to Bhuj; and there, after a few days, he died on 5 October 1813.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=155}} Within a month (30 October 1813) of the death of Fateh Muhammad, Rao Rayadhan III sickened of fever and died.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=155}}		Fateh Muhammad, after his victory, continued to advance on Bhuj and put Rayadhan again under restraint.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=152}} He rose to power in 1804 and gradually won the dissenting chiefs. He used force to extract revenues and levied fines to raise the money.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|pp=152—153}} He took over Mandvi in 1809 after death of Hansraj and negotiated with British agent [[James MacMurdo]] regarding piracy in [[Arabian Sea]].{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=153}} During the siege of Kanthkot in Vagad his army suffered so severely that Fateh Muhammad was forced to retire to Bhuj; and there, after a few days, he died on 5 October 1813.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=155}} Within a month (30 October 1813) of the death of Fateh Muhammad, Rao Rayadhan III sickened of fever and died.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=155}}

	;Under Bharmalji II (1813-1814)		;Under Bharmalji II (1813-1814)
	On the death of Fateh Muhammad, his two sons, Ibrahim Miyan and Husain Miyan, succeeded to him in Bar Bhayat ni Jamat, their councils being directed by their father's chief adviser, Seth Jasraj.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=~~155-156~~}}{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=156}} Opposing insistence of others Miyan brothers supported claim of Mansingji to the throne. On 13 January 1814, Mansingji succeeded to the chiefship of Kutch as [[Bharmalji II]] on consideration of Bar Bhayat ni Jamat. The British Government agent Captain James MacMurdo went from [[Morbi]] to Bhuj in 1814 for presenting its demands to Husain Miyan regarding end of piracy in [[Arabian sea]] and bandits in Vagad region.{{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=157}} Rao Bharmal II took over the management of state and Husain Miyan retired in 1815 {{sfn \| ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' \| 2015 \|~~page~~=158}}		On the death of Fateh Muhammad, his two sons, Ibrahim Miyan and Husain Miyan, succeeded to him in Bar Bhayat ni Jamat, their councils being directed by their father's chief adviser, Seth Jasraj.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|pp=155—156}}{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=156}} Opposing insistence of others Miyan brothers supported claim of Mansingji to the throne. On 13 January 1814, Mansingji succeeded to the chiefship of Kutch as [[Bharmalji II]] on consideration of Bar Bhayat ni Jamat. The British Government agent Captain James MacMurdo went from [[Morbi]] to Bhuj in 1814 for presenting its demands to Husain Miyan regarding end of piracy in [[Arabian sea]] and bandits in Vagad region.{{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=157}} Rao Bharmal II took over the management of state and Husain Miyan retired in 1815 {{sfn \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha \| 2015 \|p=158}}

	==References==		==References==
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	===Bibliography===		===Bibliography===
	* {{cite book\|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUBAAAAYAAJ\|year=1880\| ref={{sfnref \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur and Mahi Kantha ~~(Public Domain text)~~\| 2015}}\|publisher=Government Central Press\| pages=149–158}} {{PD-notice}}		* {{cite book\|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUBAAAAYAAJ\|year=1880\| ref={{sfnref \| Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha\| 2015}} \|publisher=Government Central Press\| pages=149–158}} {{PD-notice}}

	[[Category:Kutch district]]		[[Category:Kutch district]]
	[[Category:History of Kutch]]		[[Category:History of Kutch]]

>YSSYguy: /* History */

2019-03-27T06:14:46Z

History

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'''''Bar Bhayat ni Jamat''''' (Council of Twelve Brothers) was a council of twelve members which managed [[Cutch State]] under titular kings [[Prithvirajji]] from 1786 to 1801 and under [[Rayadhan III]] from 1801 to 1813. The council was chiefly led by [[Fateh Muhammad]] during both period. The council is also known as '''Bar Bhayyat''' or '''Bar Bhaya'''.

==History==
Maharao [[Rayadhan III]], who had become unpopular and had turned religious fanatic, who tried to convert his pupils to Islam which fuelled the revolt. He was deposed by the revolt of ''Jamadar''s, the local chiefs, led by Meghji Sheth, the administrator of [[Anjar, India|Anjar]]. He seized the palace gates, and the Rao, forced to submit, was placed under restraint in 1786.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=149}}

The chief actors, the Jamadars and Meghji Seth, raised [[Prithvirajji]], Rayadhan's younger brother to the chiefship, appointed during his minority a council known as the ''Bar Bhayat ni Jamat'' which was a congregation of power. This twelve member council consisted of three members of the brothers from [[Jadeja]] ruler's family, three Mahajans (rich and influential moneylender or businessman from Hindu and [[Jain]] communities), three members from Muslim community, one member from Miyana community, one member of Gara Sadar, one member of the army.

;Under Prithvirajji (1786-1801)
Initially the council was successful in restoring order in the state but soon disagreement followed. Meghji Seth of Anjar established himself there as an almost independent ruler. To his party belonged the chief of Mandvi and Aima Bai, the mother of the Prithvirajji, and by their secession, the power of Dosal Ven and the other members of the council was greatly reduced. To add to the confusion two members of the council freed Rayadhan III from restraint.

The rest of the members of council left [[Bhuj]] and the disorders followed. [[Fateh Muhammad]] again placed Rayadhan under restraint.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=149}} Thus he was admitted a member of Jamat. He with support of Jadeja chiefs and with his popularity in troops, Fateh Muhammad put an end to the supremacy of Dosal Ven who retired to [[Mundra]] and restored Prithvirajji to his proper position as the head of the state.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=149}} As minister, Fateh Muhammad won regards of the young Prithvirajji, he secured the favour of the Jadejas by pensions ; and, by raising a powerful body of mercenaries acted with such vigour against those who opposed him all the members of the council were either banished from Cutch, or placed in confinement. Fateh Muhammad administered the state from 1786 to 1801 unified the Kutch and stabilised the order. The prosperity of the state grew and he became popular among the people.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=150}} When Prithvirajji arrived at mature age, he forced Fateh Muhammad to retire with help of Seth Hansraj. He retired under the agreement of [[Bhachau]] in 1801.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=151}} After this the place of minister became a matter of keen dispute, and Muhammad Miyan, passed over in favour of Rana Hansraj. Scarcely were these troubles settled, when Prithvirajji died at the early age of twenty-seven.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=151}}

;Under Rayadhan III (1801-1813)
Rayadhan took over the administration again after the death of Prithvirajji.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=152-153}} He tried kill Hansraj, who saved his life by fleeing to [[Mandvi]]. Rayadhan was at last independent. But he had no funds, and before long, wasforced to call Hansraj to his help. Hansraj came, and succeeding in placing Rayadhan under restraint, carried on the government at Bhuj. About this time (1802), he offered to cede Cutch to the British Government on condition that they would grant a maintenance to Rao Rayadhan and his relations.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=151}}

Meanwhile, Fateh Muhammad was building port at [[Tuna Port|Tuna]] near Anjar. His follower secretly communicated with Seth Hansraj, invited him to attack Anjar. Followers joined the force of Hansraj and attacked the town unsuccessfully. They returned to Bhuj where one day taking advantage of Hansraj's absence, on condition of a promise of the post of minister, set Rao Rayadhan free. {{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=151-152}}

Fateh Muhammad, after his victory, continued to advance on Bhuj and put Rayadhan again under restraint.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=152}} He rose to power in 1804 and gradually won the dissenting chiefs. He used force to extract revenues and levied fines to raise the money.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=152-153}} He took over Mandvi in 1809 after death of Hansraj and negotiated with British agent [[James MacMurdo]] regarding piracy in [[Arabian Sea]].{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=153}} During the siege of Kanthkot in Vagad his army suffered so severely that Fateh Muhammad was forced to retire to Bhuj; and there, after a few days, he died on 5 October 1813.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=155}} Within a month (30 October 1813) of the death of Fateh Muhammad, Rao Rayadhan III sickened of fever and died.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=155}}

;Under Bharmalji II (1813-1814)
On the death of Fateh Muhammad, his two sons, Ibrahim Miyan and Husain Miyan, succeeded to him in Bar Bhayat ni Jamat, their councils being directed by their father's chief adviser, Seth Jasraj.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=155-156}}{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=156}} Opposing insistence of others Miyan brothers supported claim of Mansingji to the throne. On 13 January 1814, Mansingji succeeded to the chiefship of Kutch as [[Bharmalji II]] on consideration of Bar Bhayat ni Jamat. The British Government agent Captain James MacMurdo went from [[Morbi]] to Bhuj in 1814 for presenting its demands to Husain Miyan regarding end of piracy in [[Arabian sea]] and bandits in Vagad region.{{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=157}} Rao Bharmal II took over the management of state and Husain Miyan retired in 1815 {{sfn | ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha'' | 2015 |page=158}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist|2}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUBAAAAYAAJ|year=1880| ref={{sfnref | Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur and Mahi Kantha (Public Domain text)| 2015}}|publisher=Government Central Press| pages=149–158}} {{PD-notice}}

[[Category:Kutch district]]
[[Category:History of Kutch]]