Bangladesh Liberation War - Revision history

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Bangladesh\|War}}~~
	* [[Bangladesh Liberation War and Islam]]		* [[Bangladesh Liberation War and Islam]]
	* [[Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]		* [[Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]

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	Sheikh Mujib also called upon the people to resist the occupation forces through a radio message. Rahman was arrested on the night of 25–26 March 1971 at about 1:30 am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29 March 1971).		Sheikh Mujib also called upon the people to resist the occupation forces through a radio message. Rahman was arrested on the night of 25–26 March 1971 at about 1:30 am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29 March 1971).

	[[File:1971 BDLib poster.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|An iconic [[Bengali nationalism\|Bengali nationalist]] [[propaganda]] poster by [[Quamrul Hassan]] on [[General Yahya Khan]], representing the Pakistani military junta as demons<ref>{{cite news\|last=Afreen Mallick\|first=Sadya\|title='Potua' and freedom's colours\|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119256\|newspaper=The Daily Star\|access-date=12 February 2016\|date=25 December 2009\|archive-date=24 February 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224034828/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119256\|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

	A telegram containing the text of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's declaration reached some students in [[Chittagong]]. The message was translated into Bengali by Manjula Anwar. The students failed to secure permission from higher authorities to broadcast the message from the nearby Agrabad Station of [[Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation]], but the message was read several times by the independent Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro Radio established by rebel Bangali Radio workers in Kalurghat. Major [[Ziaur Rahman]] was requested to provide security for the station and also read the Declaration on 27 March 1971.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://arts.bdnews24.com/?p=2769 \|script-title=bn:সংযোজনস্বাধীনতার ঘোষণা: বেলাল মোহাম্মদের সাক্ষাৎকার \|trans-title=Declaration of Independence: Bilal Mohammad interview \|work=bdnews24.com \|language=bn \|access-date=28 January 2014 \|archive-date=29 March 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329134219/http://arts.bdnews24.com/?p=2769 \|url-status=live }}</ref> He broadcast the announcement of the declaration of independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.		A telegram containing the text of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's declaration reached some students in [[Chittagong]]. The message was translated into Bengali by Manjula Anwar. The students failed to secure permission from higher authorities to broadcast the message from the nearby Agrabad Station of [[Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation]], but the message was read several times by the independent Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro Radio established by rebel Bangali Radio workers in Kalurghat. Major [[Ziaur Rahman]] was requested to provide security for the station and also read the Declaration on 27 March 1971.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://arts.bdnews24.com/?p=2769 \|script-title=bn:সংযোজনস্বাধীনতার ঘোষণা: বেলাল মোহাম্মদের সাক্ষাৎকার \|trans-title=Declaration of Independence: Bilal Mohammad interview \|work=bdnews24.com \|language=bn \|access-date=28 January 2014 \|archive-date=29 March 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329134219/http://arts.bdnews24.com/?p=2769 \|url-status=live }}</ref> He broadcast the announcement of the declaration of independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
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	The [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) launched [[Operation Chengiz Khan\|a preemptive strike on Indian Air Force bases]] on 3 December 1971. The attack was modelled on the [[Israeli Air Force]]'s [[Operation Focus]] during the [[Six-Day War]], and intended to neutralise the [[Indian Air Force]] planes on the ground. India saw the strike as an open act of unprovoked aggression, which marked the official start of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|Indo-Pakistani War]]. In response to the attack, both India and Pakistan formally acknowledged the "existence of a state of war between the two countries" even though neither government had formally issued a [[declaration of war]].<ref name="time-edge">{{cite magazine\|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155,00.html\|title=India and Pakistan: Over the Edge\|magazine=Time\|date=13 December 1971\|access-date=18 May 2020\|archive-date=8 October 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008221847/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155,00.html\|url-status=live}}</ref>		The [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) launched [[Operation Chengiz Khan\|a preemptive strike on Indian Air Force bases]] on 3 December 1971. The attack was modelled on the [[Israeli Air Force]]'s [[Operation Focus]] during the [[Six-Day War]], and intended to neutralise the [[Indian Air Force]] planes on the ground. India saw the strike as an open act of unprovoked aggression, which marked the official start of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|Indo-Pakistani War]]. In response to the attack, both India and Pakistan formally acknowledged the "existence of a state of war between the two countries" even though neither government had formally issued a [[declaration of war]].<ref name="time-edge">{{cite magazine\|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155,00.html\|title=India and Pakistan: Over the Edge\|magazine=Time\|date=13 December 1971\|access-date=18 May 2020\|archive-date=8 October 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008221847/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155,00.html\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	~~[[File:T-55 tanks in the Bangladesh Liberation War.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|Allied Indian [[T-54/55\|T-55]] tanks on their way to Dacca]]~~

	Three Indian [[corps]] were involved in the liberation of East Pakistan. They were supported by nearly three [[brigade]]s of Mukti Bahini fighting alongside them, and many more who were fighting irregularly. That was far superior to the Pakistani army of three [[division (military)\|divisions]].<ref>{{cite magazine \|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878969-4,00.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103235823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878969-4,00.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=3 November 2007 \|title=Bangladesh: Out of War, a Nation Is Born \|magazine=Time \|date=20 December 1971 \|access-date=23 June 2011}}</ref> The Indians quickly overran the country, selectively engaging or bypassing heavily defended strongholds. Pakistani forces were unable to effectively counter the Indian attack, as they had been deployed in small units around the border to counter the guerrilla attacks by the Mukti Bahini.<ref>''Indian Army after Independence'' by Maj KC Praval 1993 Lancer, p. 317 {{ISBN\|1-897829-45-0}}</ref> Unable to defend Dacca, the Pakistanis surrendered on 16 December 1971.		Three Indian [[corps]] were involved in the liberation of East Pakistan. They were supported by nearly three [[brigade]]s of Mukti Bahini fighting alongside them, and many more who were fighting irregularly. That was far superior to the Pakistani army of three [[division (military)\|divisions]].<ref>{{cite magazine \|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878969-4,00.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103235823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878969-4,00.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=3 November 2007 \|title=Bangladesh: Out of War, a Nation Is Born \|magazine=Time \|date=20 December 1971 \|access-date=23 June 2011}}</ref> The Indians quickly overran the country, selectively engaging or bypassing heavily defended strongholds. Pakistani forces were unable to effectively counter the Indian attack, as they had been deployed in small units around the border to counter the guerrilla attacks by the Mukti Bahini.<ref>''Indian Army after Independence'' by Maj KC Praval 1993 Lancer, p. 317 {{ISBN\|1-897829-45-0}}</ref> Unable to defend Dacca, the Pakistanis surrendered on 16 December 1971.
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	== Atrocities ==		== Atrocities ==
	{{Main\|1971 Bangladesh genocide\|1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals\|Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War}}		{{Main\|1971 Bangladesh genocide\|1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals\|Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War}}
	[[File:Dead bodies of Bengali intellectuals, 14 December 1971.jpg\|thumb\|Rayerbazar killing field photographed immediately after the war, showing dead bodies of intellectuals (image courtesy: [[Rashid Talukder]], 1971)]]

	During the war there were widespread killings and other atrocities—including the displacement of civilians in Bangladesh (East Pakistan at the time) and widespread violations of human rights beginning with [[Operation Searchlight]] on 25 March 1971. Members of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces\|Pakistani military]] and supporting paramilitary forces killed an estimated 300,000<ref name="BBC"/> to 3,000,000 people<ref name="MathewWhite">White, Matthew, ''[http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305175626/http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh \|date=5 March 2011 }}''</ref> and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 [[Bangladeshis\|Bangladeshi]] women in a systematic campaign of [[genocidal rape]].{{sfn\|Sharlach\|2000\|pp=92–93}}{{sfn\|Sajjad\|2012\|p=225}} Pakistan's religious leaders openly supported the crime by labelling [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali freedom fighters]] "Hindus" and Bengali women "the booty of war".<ref>{{cite book \|last=Siddiqi \|first=Dina M. \|year=1998 \|chapter=Taslima Nasreen and Others: The Contest over Gender in Bangladesh \|editor-last1=Bodman \|editor-first1=Herbert L. \|editor-last2=Tohidi \|editor-first2=Nayereh Esfahlani \|title=Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity Within Unity \|publisher=Lynne Rienner \|pages=208–209 \|isbn=978-1-55587-578-7 \|quote=Sometime during the war, a fatwa originating in West Pakistan labeled Bengali freedom fighters 'Hindus' and declared that 'the wealth and women' to be secured by warfare with them could be treated as the booty of war. [Footnote, on p. 225:] S. A. Hossain, "Fatwa in Islam: Bangladesh Perspective," ''Daily Star'' (Dhaka), 28 December 1994, 7.}}</ref> In fact, more than 80 percent of the Bengali people were Muslims at that time.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population \|title=Population \|website=Banglapedia \|access-date=13 December 2021 \|archive-date=1 April 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401041939/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population \|url-status=live }}</ref>		During the war there were widespread killings and other atrocities—including the displacement of civilians in Bangladesh (East Pakistan at the time) and widespread violations of human rights beginning with [[Operation Searchlight]] on 25 March 1971. Members of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces\|Pakistani military]] and supporting paramilitary forces killed an estimated 300,000<ref name="BBC"/> to 3,000,000 people<ref name="MathewWhite">White, Matthew, ''[http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305175626/http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh \|date=5 March 2011 }}''</ref> and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 [[Bangladeshis\|Bangladeshi]] women in a systematic campaign of [[genocidal rape]].{{sfn\|Sharlach\|2000\|pp=92–93}}{{sfn\|Sajjad\|2012\|p=225}} Pakistan's religious leaders openly supported the crime by labelling [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali freedom fighters]] "Hindus" and Bengali women "the booty of war".<ref>{{cite book \|last=Siddiqi \|first=Dina M. \|year=1998 \|chapter=Taslima Nasreen and Others: The Contest over Gender in Bangladesh \|editor-last1=Bodman \|editor-first1=Herbert L. \|editor-last2=Tohidi \|editor-first2=Nayereh Esfahlani \|title=Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity Within Unity \|publisher=Lynne Rienner \|pages=208–209 \|isbn=978-1-55587-578-7 \|quote=Sometime during the war, a fatwa originating in West Pakistan labeled Bengali freedom fighters 'Hindus' and declared that 'the wealth and women' to be secured by warfare with them could be treated as the booty of war. [Footnote, on p. 225:] S. A. Hossain, "Fatwa in Islam: Bangladesh Perspective," ''Daily Star'' (Dhaka), 28 December 1994, 7.}}</ref> In fact, more than 80 percent of the Bengali people were Muslims at that time.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population \|title=Population \|website=Banglapedia \|access-date=13 December 2021 \|archive-date=1 April 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401041939/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population \|url-status=live }}</ref>

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	{{For\|India's intervention in the conflict\|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}		{{For\|India's intervention in the conflict\|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}

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[[File:Modern india.png|thumb|A map of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.]]
The '''Bangladesh Liberation War'''{{efn|''Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh'' calls it the '''Bangladesh Liberation War'''.<ref>{{cite book| last = Gupta| first = Om| title = Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sg9XW7MmVoIC&pg=PA25| year = 2006| publisher = Gyan Publishing House| isbn = 978-81-8205-389-2| page = 25}}</ref> The war is known in Bangla as ''Muktijuddho'' or ''Shawdhinota Juddho''.<ref>{{cite book| last = Rahman| first = Syedur| title = Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bJfcCPUr0OoC&pg=PA289| year = 2010| publisher = Scarecrow Press| isbn = 978-0-8108-7453-4| page = 289}}</ref>
The war is also called the Civil War in Pakistan<ref name="Social 2005 p93">
{{cite book| last = Moss| first = Peter| title = Secondary Social Studies For Pakistan| url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/secondary-social-studies-for-pakistan/oclc/651126824| access-date = 10 June 2013| year = 2005| publisher = Oxford University Press| location = Karachi| isbn = 978-0-19-597704-2| page = 93 | oclc = 651126824}}</ref>
}} ({{lang-bn|মুক্তিযুদ্ধ}} ''Muktijuddho'') was a [[revolution|revolutionary]] [[war]] for the [[independence]] of [[Bangladesh]] in 1971.<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/17.htm Library of Congress]</ref> The war was between [[Bangladesh#History|East Pakistan]] (later with the help of [[India]]) and [[West Pakistan]] and lasted nine months.

There were [[1971 Bangladesh atrocities|large-scale atrocities]] in the war. Ten million [[refugee]]s left the country,and 30 million people left their homes.<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Totten| first1 = Samuel| last2 = Bartrop| first2 = Paul Robert| title = Dictionary of Genocide| year = 2007| publisher = Greenwood| isbn = 978-0-313-32967-8| page = 34 }}</ref>

[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]'s party won the Pakistan elections of 1970 and the military junta that ruled the country decided he must not be Prime Minister. The resulting war started on 26 March 1971 and finished on 16 December. A [[Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale|category 3]] [[Bhola cyclone|cyclone]] also happened during the war.

[[Ghulam Azam]] and [[Motiur Rahman Nizami]] were convicted for war crimes. Azam died before a final hearing. Nizami was [[execution|executed]] for his crimes in May 2016.

== Sources ==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
----
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{reflist|2}}

{{multistub|history|Asia}}

[[Category:Bangladesh Liberation War| ]]
[[Category:Wars involving India]]
[[Category:Wars involving Pakistan]]
[[Category:Wars of independence]]
[[Category:1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1971 in Pakistan]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 31 July 2023
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	Sheikh Mujib also called upon the people to resist the occupation forces through a radio message. Rahman was arrested on the night of 25–26 March 1971 at about 1:30 am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29 March 1971).		Sheikh Mujib also called upon the people to resist the occupation forces through a radio message. Rahman was arrested on the night of 25–26 March 1971 at about 1:30 am (as per Radio Pakistan's news on 29 March 1971).

	[[File:1971 BDLib poster.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|An iconic [[Bengali nationalism\|Bengali nationalist]] [[propaganda]] poster by [[Quamrul Hassan]] on [[General Yahya Khan]], representing the Pakistani military junta as demons<ref>{{cite news\|last=Afreen Mallick\|first=Sadya\|title='Potua' and freedom's colours\|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119256\|newspaper=The Daily Star\|access-date=12 February 2016\|date=25 December 2009\|archive-date=24 February 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224034828/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119256\|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

	A telegram containing the text of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's declaration reached some students in [[Chittagong]]. The message was translated into Bengali by Manjula Anwar. The students failed to secure permission from higher authorities to broadcast the message from the nearby Agrabad Station of [[Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation]], but the message was read several times by the independent Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro Radio established by rebel Bangali Radio workers in Kalurghat. Major [[Ziaur Rahman]] was requested to provide security for the station and also read the Declaration on 27 March 1971.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://arts.bdnews24.com/?p=2769 \|script-title=bn:সংযোজনস্বাধীনতার ঘোষণা: বেলাল মোহাম্মদের সাক্ষাৎকার \|trans-title=Declaration of Independence: Bilal Mohammad interview \|work=bdnews24.com \|language=bn \|access-date=28 January 2014 \|archive-date=29 March 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329134219/http://arts.bdnews24.com/?p=2769 \|url-status=live }}</ref> He broadcast the announcement of the declaration of independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.		A telegram containing the text of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's declaration reached some students in [[Chittagong]]. The message was translated into Bengali by Manjula Anwar. The students failed to secure permission from higher authorities to broadcast the message from the nearby Agrabad Station of [[Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation]], but the message was read several times by the independent Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro Radio established by rebel Bangali Radio workers in Kalurghat. Major [[Ziaur Rahman]] was requested to provide security for the station and also read the Declaration on 27 March 1971.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://arts.bdnews24.com/?p=2769 \|script-title=bn:সংযোজনস্বাধীনতার ঘোষণা: বেলাল মোহাম্মদের সাক্ষাৎকার \|trans-title=Declaration of Independence: Bilal Mohammad interview \|work=bdnews24.com \|language=bn \|access-date=28 January 2014 \|archive-date=29 March 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329134219/http://arts.bdnews24.com/?p=2769 \|url-status=live }}</ref> He broadcast the announcement of the declaration of independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
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	The [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) launched [[Operation Chengiz Khan\|a preemptive strike on Indian Air Force bases]] on 3 December 1971. The attack was modelled on the [[Israeli Air Force]]'s [[Operation Focus]] during the [[Six-Day War]], and intended to neutralise the [[Indian Air Force]] planes on the ground. India saw the strike as an open act of unprovoked aggression, which marked the official start of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|Indo-Pakistani War]]. In response to the attack, both India and Pakistan formally acknowledged the "existence of a state of war between the two countries" even though neither government had formally issued a [[declaration of war]].<ref name="time-edge">{{cite magazine\|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155,00.html\|title=India and Pakistan: Over the Edge\|magazine=Time\|date=13 December 1971\|access-date=18 May 2020\|archive-date=8 October 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008221847/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155,00.html\|url-status=live}}</ref>		The [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) launched [[Operation Chengiz Khan\|a preemptive strike on Indian Air Force bases]] on 3 December 1971. The attack was modelled on the [[Israeli Air Force]]'s [[Operation Focus]] during the [[Six-Day War]], and intended to neutralise the [[Indian Air Force]] planes on the ground. India saw the strike as an open act of unprovoked aggression, which marked the official start of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|Indo-Pakistani War]]. In response to the attack, both India and Pakistan formally acknowledged the "existence of a state of war between the two countries" even though neither government had formally issued a [[declaration of war]].<ref name="time-edge">{{cite magazine\|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155,00.html\|title=India and Pakistan: Over the Edge\|magazine=Time\|date=13 December 1971\|access-date=18 May 2020\|archive-date=8 October 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008221847/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155,00.html\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	~~[[File:T-55 tanks in the Bangladesh Liberation War.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|Allied Indian [[T-54/55\|T-55]] tanks on their way to Dacca]]~~

	Three Indian [[corps]] were involved in the liberation of East Pakistan. They were supported by nearly three [[brigade]]s of Mukti Bahini fighting alongside them, and many more who were fighting irregularly. That was far superior to the Pakistani army of three [[division (military)\|divisions]].<ref>{{cite magazine \|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878969-4,00.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103235823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878969-4,00.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=3 November 2007 \|title=Bangladesh: Out of War, a Nation Is Born \|magazine=Time \|date=20 December 1971 \|access-date=23 June 2011}}</ref> The Indians quickly overran the country, selectively engaging or bypassing heavily defended strongholds. Pakistani forces were unable to effectively counter the Indian attack, as they had been deployed in small units around the border to counter the guerrilla attacks by the Mukti Bahini.<ref>''Indian Army after Independence'' by Maj KC Praval 1993 Lancer, p. 317 {{ISBN\|1-897829-45-0}}</ref> Unable to defend Dacca, the Pakistanis surrendered on 16 December 1971.		Three Indian [[corps]] were involved in the liberation of East Pakistan. They were supported by nearly three [[brigade]]s of Mukti Bahini fighting alongside them, and many more who were fighting irregularly. That was far superior to the Pakistani army of three [[division (military)\|divisions]].<ref>{{cite magazine \|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878969-4,00.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103235823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878969-4,00.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=3 November 2007 \|title=Bangladesh: Out of War, a Nation Is Born \|magazine=Time \|date=20 December 1971 \|access-date=23 June 2011}}</ref> The Indians quickly overran the country, selectively engaging or bypassing heavily defended strongholds. Pakistani forces were unable to effectively counter the Indian attack, as they had been deployed in small units around the border to counter the guerrilla attacks by the Mukti Bahini.<ref>''Indian Army after Independence'' by Maj KC Praval 1993 Lancer, p. 317 {{ISBN\|1-897829-45-0}}</ref> Unable to defend Dacca, the Pakistanis surrendered on 16 December 1971.
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	== Atrocities ==		== Atrocities ==
	{{Main\|1971 Bangladesh genocide\|1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals\|Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War}}		{{Main\|1971 Bangladesh genocide\|1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals\|Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War}}
	[[File:Dead bodies of Bengali intellectuals, 14 December 1971.jpg\|thumb\|Rayerbazar killing field photographed immediately after the war, showing dead bodies of intellectuals (image courtesy: [[Rashid Talukder]], 1971)]]

	During the war there were widespread killings and other atrocities—including the displacement of civilians in Bangladesh (East Pakistan at the time) and widespread violations of human rights beginning with [[Operation Searchlight]] on 25 March 1971. Members of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces\|Pakistani military]] and supporting paramilitary forces killed an estimated 300,000<ref name="BBC"/> to 3,000,000 people<ref name="MathewWhite">White, Matthew, ''[http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305175626/http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh \|date=5 March 2011 }}''</ref> and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 [[Bangladeshis\|Bangladeshi]] women in a systematic campaign of [[genocidal rape]].{{sfn\|Sharlach\|2000\|pp=92–93}}{{sfn\|Sajjad\|2012\|p=225}} Pakistan's religious leaders openly supported the crime by labelling [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali freedom fighters]] "Hindus" and Bengali women "the booty of war".<ref>{{cite book \|last=Siddiqi \|first=Dina M. \|year=1998 \|chapter=Taslima Nasreen and Others: The Contest over Gender in Bangladesh \|editor-last1=Bodman \|editor-first1=Herbert L. \|editor-last2=Tohidi \|editor-first2=Nayereh Esfahlani \|title=Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity Within Unity \|publisher=Lynne Rienner \|pages=208–209 \|isbn=978-1-55587-578-7 \|quote=Sometime during the war, a fatwa originating in West Pakistan labeled Bengali freedom fighters 'Hindus' and declared that 'the wealth and women' to be secured by warfare with them could be treated as the booty of war. [Footnote, on p. 225:] S. A. Hossain, "Fatwa in Islam: Bangladesh Perspective," ''Daily Star'' (Dhaka), 28 December 1994, 7.}}</ref> In fact, more than 80 percent of the Bengali people were Muslims at that time.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population \|title=Population \|website=Banglapedia \|access-date=13 December 2021 \|archive-date=1 April 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401041939/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population \|url-status=live }}</ref>		During the war there were widespread killings and other atrocities—including the displacement of civilians in Bangladesh (East Pakistan at the time) and widespread violations of human rights beginning with [[Operation Searchlight]] on 25 March 1971. Members of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces\|Pakistani military]] and supporting paramilitary forces killed an estimated 300,000<ref name="BBC"/> to 3,000,000 people<ref name="MathewWhite">White, Matthew, ''[http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305175626/http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh \|date=5 March 2011 }}''</ref> and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 [[Bangladeshis\|Bangladeshi]] women in a systematic campaign of [[genocidal rape]].{{sfn\|Sharlach\|2000\|pp=92–93}}{{sfn\|Sajjad\|2012\|p=225}} Pakistan's religious leaders openly supported the crime by labelling [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali freedom fighters]] "Hindus" and Bengali women "the booty of war".<ref>{{cite book \|last=Siddiqi \|first=Dina M. \|year=1998 \|chapter=Taslima Nasreen and Others: The Contest over Gender in Bangladesh \|editor-last1=Bodman \|editor-first1=Herbert L. \|editor-last2=Tohidi \|editor-first2=Nayereh Esfahlani \|title=Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity Within Unity \|publisher=Lynne Rienner \|pages=208–209 \|isbn=978-1-55587-578-7 \|quote=Sometime during the war, a fatwa originating in West Pakistan labeled Bengali freedom fighters 'Hindus' and declared that 'the wealth and women' to be secured by warfare with them could be treated as the booty of war. [Footnote, on p. 225:] S. A. Hossain, "Fatwa in Islam: Bangladesh Perspective," ''Daily Star'' (Dhaka), 28 December 1994, 7.}}</ref> In fact, more than 80 percent of the Bengali people were Muslims at that time.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population \|title=Population \|website=Banglapedia \|access-date=13 December 2021 \|archive-date=1 April 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401041939/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population \|url-status=live }}</ref>

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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2021}}