Khalidmendi: update

2026-03-16T18:31:49Z

update

Show changes

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-06-15T21:06:27Z

robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

Show changes

->Vinegarymass911: /* Central Committee */ link+

2021-12-13T07:18:01Z

Central Committee: link+

New page

{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{cleanup reorganize|date=May 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
| native_name = বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ <br> Bangladesh Peasants' Workers' People's League
| native_name_lang = bn
| colorcode = {{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}
| logo = Flag of Bangladesh.svg
| leader = [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
| headquarters = Dhaka, Bangladesh
| foundation = 24 February 1975
| founder = [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
| dissolution = 15 August 1975
| merger = [[Awami League]], [[Communist Party of Bangladesh]], [[National Awami Party (Muzaffar)]], [[Bangladesh Jatiya League]]
| ideology = [[Bengali nationalism]]<br />[[Socialism]]
| country = Bangladesh
}}

'''Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL)''' ({{lang-bn|বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ}} "Bangladesh Worker-Peasant's People's League"; বাকশাল) was a political front comprising [[Bangladesh Awami League]], [[Communist Party of Bangladesh]], [[National Awami Party (Muzaffar)]] and Jatiyo League.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rono |first=Haider Akbar Khan |date=2010 |script-title=bn:শতাব্দী পেরিয়ে |title=Śatābdī pēriẏē |language=bn |publisher=Taraphadara prakashani |page=335 |isbn=978-984-779-027-5}}</ref>

Following the [[Amendments to the Constitution of Bangladesh#Fourth amendment|Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh]], enacted on 25 January 1975, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] formed BaKSAL on 24 February.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Moudud |author-link=Moudud Ahmed |year=1984 |orig-year=First published 1983 |title=Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |page=245 |isbn=3-515-04266-0}}</ref> In addition, with the presidential order, all other political parties were outlawed with the formation of BaKSAL.

The party advocated [[state socialism]] as a part of the group of reforms under the theory of the [[Second Revolution (Bangladesh)|Second Revolution]]. BaKSAL was the decision-making council to achieve the objectives of the Second Revolution.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Bangladesh: The Second Revolution |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912808,00.html |magazine=Time |date=10 February 1975 |access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref>

BaKSAL was dissolved after the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] in August 1975.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2016 |title=Bangabandhu: a forbidden name for 16yrs |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/bangabandhu-forbidden-name-16yrs-1270564 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=27 September 2016}}</ref> With the end of BaKSAL, all the political parties who had merged with BaKSAL, including the Awami League, again became independent political parties.

== Background ==

[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] (aka Mujibur) and his [[Awami League]] won a landslide victory in the [[1973 Bangladeshi general election]]. Backing for the government waned, however, as supporters became disillusioned by widespread corruption.<ref name="Khan2001">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Zillur R. |chapter=From Mujib to Zia, Elite Politics in Bangladesh |date=2001 |editor-last=Ahmed |editor-first=Rafiuddin |title=Religion, Identity & Politics: Essays on Bangladesh |publisher=International Academic Publishers |pages=54–55 |isbn=978-1-58868-081-5 |quote="... landslide victory of the Awami League in the 1973 elections ... [those] who were earlier inspired by the charisma of Sheikh Mujib grew increasingly restive in view of what they viewed as widespread corruption ... making it mandatory for members of parliament to join the single national party, called the ''Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League'' (BaKSAL), if they wanted to retain their seats ... most Awami Leaguers, and many others from the other parties, decided to join the BaKSAL. Between Mujib's BaKSAL and total political oblivion, few were left with any choice ... All higher bureaucrats, professional people and trade union leaders were urged to join."}}</ref> In the face of growing unrest, on 28 December 1974 Mujibur declared a state of emergency, which gave him the power to ban any political group.<ref>{{cite news |title=State of emergency announced in Dacca |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19741229&id=BXg0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5657,6676905&hl=en |newspaper=The Tuscaloosa News |agency=Associated Press |date=29 December 1974 |page=6A |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> He pushed the [[Constitution of Bangladesh#Fourth Amendment|Fourth Amendment]] to the constitution through parliament on 25 January 1975. It dissolved all political parties and gave him the authority to institute [[One-party state|one-party rule]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikh Assumes Absolute Rule in Bangladesh |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19750126&id=bNJOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6584,1305689&hl=en |newspaper=The Blade |location=Toledo, Ohio |agency=Associated Press |date=26 January 1975 |page=1 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mujib names his Govt |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19750128&id=-5wpAAAAIBAJ&pg=3297,6805491&hl=en |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |agency=Australian Associated Press-Reuter |date=28 January 1975 |page=4 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh President Takes Over |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3965271/bangladesh_president_takes_over/ |newspaper=The Daily Herald |location=Provo, Utah |agency=United Press International |date=24 February 1975 |page=8 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=4 January 2016}} {{Open access}}</ref>

== Formation ==

On 24 February 1975, Mujibur formed a new party, the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL), which all MPs were required to join.<ref name="Khan2001" /><ref>{{cite news |title='Second Revolution' Is Sham: No Real Change Seen in Bangladesh |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/profile/Worldbruce%20Wikipedia/clipnumber/24116/ |newspaper=The Capital Times |location=Madison, Wisconsin |agency=Los Angeles Times News Service |date=28 February 1975 |page=6 |access-date=4 January 2016 |via=newspaperarchive.com}} {{open access}}</ref> Any MP who missed a parliamentary session, abstained, or failed to vote with the party would lose their seat.<ref name="smh28Jan1975">{{cite news |title=One man, one party govern Bangladesh |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19750127&id=-pwpAAAAIBAJ&pg=6000,6671315&hl=en |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=27 January 1975 |page=1 |access-date=4 January 2016 |via=news.google.com}}</ref> All civilian government employees, professionals, and trade union leaders were pressed to join the party.<ref name="Khan2001" /> All other political organisations were banned.<ref name="smh28Jan1975" /> Most Awami League politicians and many from other parties joined BaKSAL, seeing no other way to retain any political power.<ref name="Khan2001" /> The [[Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal]], [[Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party]], Purbo Bangla Sammobadi Dal-Marxbadi-Leninbadi ([[East Bengal Communist Party Marxist–Leninist]]), [[East Pakistan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)|East Pakistan Communist Party]], and [[Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist)]] did not join BaKSAL. According to political science professor Talukder Maniruzzaman, BaKSAL was in practice "the Awami League under a different name".<ref name="Maniruzzaman1976">{{cite journal |last=Maniruzzaman |first=Talukder |date=February 1976 |title=Bangladesh in 1975: The Fall of the Mujib Regime and Its Aftermath |journal=Asian Survey |publisher=University of California Press |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=119–129 |jstor=2643140 |doi=10.1525/as.1976.16.2.01p0153p}}</ref>

BaKSAL was scheduled to officially replace the nation's other political organisations, whether those political parties agreed or not, and associations, on 1 September 1975.

Organizationally, President Mujibur Rahman, BaKSAL chairman, appointed for the national party a fifteen-member executive committee, a 120-member central committee, and five front organisations, namely, Jatiya Krishak League, Jatiya Sramik League, Jatiya Mahila League, Jatiya Juba League and Jatiya Chhatra League (peasants, workers, women, youth, and students respectively).<ref name="Maniruzzaman1976" /> All members of the executive committee and central committee were to enjoy the status of ministers. BaKSAL was also designed to overhaul the administrative system of the country to make it people-oriented.

=== Executive committee ===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}

# [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] (Chairman)
# [[Syed Nazrul Islam]] (Vice-Chairman)
# [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]] (Secretary General)
# [[Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman]]
# [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
# [[Abdul Malek Ukil]]
# Professor [[M. Yousuf Ali]]
# [[Manaranjan Dhar]]
# [[Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury]]
# [[Sheikh Abdul Aziz (Bangladeshi politician)|Sheikh Abdul Aziz]]
# [[Mohiuddin Ahmed]]
# [[Gazi Golam Mostafa]]
# [[Zillur Rahman]]
# [[Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani]]
# [[Abdur Razzaq (politician)|Abdur Razzaq]]

{{div col end}}

=== Central Committee ===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}

# [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
# [[Syed Nazrul Islam]]
# [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
# [[Major Mohammad Yaqub (retired army officer)]]
# [[Abdul Malek Ukil|Abdul Malik Ukil]]
# [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
# [[A H M Qamaruzzaman|A.H.M Kamaruzzaman]]
# [[Kazi Linchon]]
# [[Mahmudullah (politician)|Mahmudullah]]
# [[Abdus Samad Azad]]
# [[M. Yousuf Ali]]
# [[Phani Bhushan Majumder]]
# [[Kamal Hossain]]
# [[Muhammad Sohrab Hossain]]
# Abdul Mannan
# [[Abdur Rab Serniabat]]
# [[Manaranjan Dhar]]
# Abdul Matin
# Asaduzzanan
# [[Md Korban Ali]]
# Dr. [[Azizul Rahman Mallik]]
# Dr. [[Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury]]
# [[Tofael Ahmed]]
# [[Shah Moazzam Hossain]]
# [[Abdul Momin Talukdar]]
# [[Dewan Farid Gazi]]
# Professor [[Nurul Islam Choudhry]]
# [[Taheruddin Thakur]]
# [[Moslemuddin Khan]]
# [[Abu Sayeed|Professor Abu Sayeed]]
# [[Nurul Islam Manzur]]
# [[KM Obaidur Rahman]]
# Dr. [[Khitish Chandra Mandal]]
# [[Reazuddin Ahmad]]
# [[Mohammad Baitullah|M. Baitullah]]
# [[Ruhul Quddus Talukdar|Rahul Quddus]] (Secretary)
# [[Zillur Rahman]]
# [[Mohiuddin Ahmad]] MP
# [[Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani]]
# [[Abdur Razzaq (politician)|Abdur Razzaq]]
# [[Sheikh Shahidul Islam]]
# Anwar Choudhry
# [[Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury]]
# [[Taslima Abed]]
# Abdur Rahim
# [[Abdul Awal]]
# Lutfur Rahman
# [[A.K. Muzibur Rahman]]
# Dr. [[Mofiz Choudhry]]
# Dr. [[Alauddin Ahammad]]
# Dr. Ahsanul Haq
# [[Raushan Ali]]
# [[Azizur Rahman Akkas]]
# [[Sheikh Abdul Aziz]]
# [[Salahuddin Yusuf]]
# [[Michael Sushil Adhikari]]
# [[Kazi Abdul Hakim]]
# [[Mollah Jalaluddin Ahmed|Mollah Jalaluddin]]
# [[Shamsuddin Mollah]]
# [[Gour Chandra Bala]]
# [[Gazi Ghulam Mustafa]]
# Shamsul Haq
# Shamsuzzoha
# [[Rafiqueuddin Bhuiya]]
# Syed Ahmad
# [[Shamsur Rahman Khan Shahjahan]]
# Nurul Haq
# [[Kazi Zahirul Qayyum]]
# Capt.(Retd) [[Sujjat Ali]]
# [[M.R. Siddiqui]]
# [[MA Wahab]]
# [[Chittaranjan Sutar]],
# [[Sayeda Razia Banu]]
# [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]
# [[Khandakar Muhammad Illyas]]
# [[Mong Pru Saire]]
# [[Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury|Professor Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury]]
# Ataur Rahman
# [[Pir Habibur Rahman]]
# [[Syed Altaf Hossain]]
# [[Muhammad Farhad]]
# [[Matia Chowdhury]]
# [[Haji Mohammad Danesh|Hazi Danesh]]
# [[Taufiq Inam]] (Secretary)
# [[Nurul Islam (economist)|Nurul Islam]] (Secretary)
# [[Fayezuddin Ahmed]] (Secretary)
# Mahbubur Rahman (Secretary)
# Abdul Khaleque
# Muzibul Haq (Secretary)
# Abdur Rahim (Secretary)
# Moinul Islam (Secretary)
# [[Sayeeduzzaman]] (Secretary)
# [[Anisuzzaman]] (Secretary)
# Dr. [[A. Sattar]] (Secretary)
# M.A Samad (Secretary)
# Abu Tahir (Secretary)
# Al Hossaini (Secretary)
# Dr [[Tajul Hossain]] (Secretary)
# Motiur Rahman. Chairman of [[Trading Corporation of Bangladesh]]
# Maj. Gen [[K.M Shafiullah|K.M. Safiullah]]
# [[A. K. Khandker|Air Vice Marshal Abdul Karim Khandker]]
# Commodore [[M. H. Khan|M.H. Khan]]
# Maj Gen. [[Khalilur Rahman (general)|Khalilur Rahman]]
# [[A.K. Naziruddin Ahmed]]
# Dr. [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury]]
# Dr. [[Mazharul Islam]]
# Dr. Sramul Haq
# [[Badal Ghosh]]
# [[ATM Syed Hossain]]
# Nurul Islam
# Dr. [[Nilima Ibrahim]]
# Dr. [[Nurul Islam (physician)|Nurul Islam]] [[PG Hospital]]
# [[Obaidul Huq]] Editor [[Bangladesh Observer|Observer]]
# [[Anwar Hossain Manju]] Editor [[The Daily Ittefaq|Ittefaq]]
# Mizanur Rahman BPI
# [[Manawarul Islam]]
# [[Abu Thaer Bhuiyan]]
# Brig. [[A. N. M. Nuruzzaman]] DG [[Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini]]
# Kamruzzaman teachers Association
# Dr. [[Mazhar Ali Kadri]]
{{div col end}}

== Activities ==

Many restrictive regulations coming from BaKSAL included the promulgation of the Newspaper Ordinance (June 1975; Annulment of Declaration) under which the declarations of all but four state owned newspapers were annulled. The Fourth Amendment was a direct attack on [[press freedom]] which allowed only the ''[[Dainik Bangla]]'', ''[[Bangladesh Observer]]'', ''[[The Daily Ittefaq]]'', and ''[[Bangladesh Times]]'' to continue their publication and banned the rest of the press and newspaper industries. It brought the whole news media completely under the absolute control of the government.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MIhwDQAAQBAJ&q=The+Bangladesh+Times&pg=PA124 |title=The Bangladesh Liberation War, the Sheikh Mujib Regime, and Contemporary Controversies |last=Dowlah |first=Caf |year=2016 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-1-4985-3419-2 |pages=124 |language=en}}</ref>

== Dissolution ==

The party contested in 1986 general election using "Boat" symbol and later in 1991 general election using "Bicycle" symbol.The party carried out independently until 1990s, when almost all of its party leaders deserted the organisation to merge with the [[Bangladesh Awami League]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=12 September 1991 |title=Near East & South Asia: Bangladesh |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a336290.pdf |journal=JPRS Report |volume=1 |page=10 |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref>

== Legacy ==

[[Lawrence Lifschultz]] wrote in the ''[[Far Eastern Economic Review]]'' in 1974 that Bangladeshis thought that "the corruption and malpractices and plunder of national wealth" was "unprecedented".<ref>{{cite news |title=Tread Warily to the Dream |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100206/jsp/opinion/story_12065942.jsp |location=Calcutta, India |work=The Telegraph |date=6 February 2010}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Ministries of Bangladesh}}
{{Sheikh Mujibur Rahman}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baksal}}
[[Category:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League| ]]
[[Category:1975 disestablishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League]]
[[Category:Defunct left-wing political party alliances]]
[[Category:Defunct political party alliances in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1975]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1975]]
[[Category:Popular fronts]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in Bangladesh]]

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League - Revision history

Khalidmendi: update

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

->Vinegarymass911: /* Central Committee */ link+