Bangalore Cantonment - Revision history

49.207.232.60 at 05:27, 11 October 2022

2022-10-11T05:27:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 11 October 2022
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	The '''Bangalore Cantonment''' (1806–1881) was a military [[cantonment]] of the [[British Raj]] based in the [[India]]n city of [[Bangalore]]. The cantonment covered an area of {{convert\|13\|sqmi\|km2\|0}}, extending from the [[Resident (title)\|Residency]] on the west to [[Binnamangala, Bangalore\|Binnamangala]] on the east and from the [[Tanning (leather)\|Tanneries]] on [[Tannery Road]] in the north to AGRAM ([[Army Group Royal Artillery]] Maidan - Maidan meaning Ground) in the south. By area, it was the largest British military cantonment in [[South India]]. The British [[garrison]] stationed in the cantonment included three [[artillery battery\|artillery batteries]], and regiments of the [[cavalry]], [[infantry]], [[sapper]]s, [[miner (military occupation)\|miner]]s, [[mounted infantry]], supply and transport corps and the ''Bangalore Rifle Volunteers''. The Bangalore Cantonment was directly under the administration of the British Raj, while Bangalore City itself was under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Durbar (court)\|Durbar]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]].		The '''Bangalore Cantonment''' (1806–1881) was a military [[cantonment]] of the [[British Raj]] based in the [[India]]n city of [[Bangalore]]. The cantonment covered an area of {{convert\|13\|sqmi\|km2\|0}}, extending from the [[Resident (title)\|Residency]] on the west to [[Binnamangala, Bangalore\|Binnamangala]] on the east and from the [[Tanning (leather)\|Tanneries]] on [[Tannery Road]] in the north to AGRAM ([[Army Group Royal Artillery]] Maidan - Maidan meaning Ground) in the south. By area, it was the largest British military cantonment in [[South India]]. The British [[garrison]] stationed in the cantonment included three [[artillery battery\|artillery batteries]], and regiments of the [[cavalry]], [[infantry]], [[sapper]]s, [[miner (military occupation)\|miner]]s, [[mounted infantry]], supply and transport corps and the ''Bangalore Rifle Volunteers''. The Bangalore Cantonment was directly under the administration of the British Raj, while Bangalore City itself was under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Durbar (court)\|Durbar]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]].

	== History and Layout ==		== History and Layout ==
	[[File:The Cantonment Side of Bangalore (p.98) - Copy.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|The Cantonment Side of Bangalore (p.98, 1890), London Missionary Society<ref name=LMS>{{cite journal\|title=The Cantonment Side of Bangalore\|journal=Chronicles of the London Missionary Society\|date=1890\|url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclelondon00unkngoog\|access-date=2 November ~~2015~~}}</ref>]]		[[File:The Cantonment Side of Bangalore (p.98) - Copy.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|The Cantonment Side of Bangalore (p.98, 1890), London Missionary Society<ref name=LMS>{{cite journal\|title=The Cantonment Side of Bangalore\|journal=Chronicles of the London Missionary Society\|date=1890\|url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclelondon00unkngoog\|access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref>]]
	[[File:Bangalore LadyCurzonHospital.jpg\|thumb\|[[Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston\|Lady Curzon]] hospital in the cantonment was established in 1864 and named after the first wife of the [[Viceroy]] of India, [[Lord Curzon]].]]		[[File:Bangalore LadyCurzonHospital.jpg\|thumb\|[[Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston\|Lady Curzon]] hospital in the cantonment was established in 1864 and named after the first wife of the [[Viceroy]] of India, [[Lord Curzon]].]]

	Prior to the arrival of the British, Bangalore had been the stronghold of several [[Hindu]] dynasties including the [[~~Gangas~~]], [[Cholas]], [[~~Hoysalas~~]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. In the 18th century, the dominion of Bangalore passed on to [[Hyder Ali\|Haider Ali]]. After a series of successive wars known as the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]] with Haider Ali's son, [[Tipu Sultan]], the British captured the city and all of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in 1799.		Prior to the arrival of the British, Bangalore had been the stronghold of several [[Hindu]] dynasties and empires including the [[Western Ganga dynasty\|Western Ganga Dynasty]], [[Cholas\|Chola Dynasty]], [[Hoysala Empire]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. In the 18th century, the dominion of Bangalore passed on to [[Hyder Ali\|Haider Ali]]. After a series of successive wars known as the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]] with Haider Ali's son, [[Tipu Sultan]], the British captured the city and all of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in 1799.

	===Capture of Bangalore Fort===		===Capture of Bangalore Fort===
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	===Development===		===Development===
	The names of many of the cantonment's streets were derived from military nomenclature such as ''[[Artillery]] Road'', ''[[Brigade]] Road'', ''[[Infantry]] Road'' and ''[[Cavalry]] Road''. The city of Bangalore still retains many of the colonial names of its streets. A resident to the King of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] lived within the cantonment area and his quarters was called the "Residency"{{Citation needed\|date=March ~~2011~~}} and hence the name ''Residency Road''. Areas around the South Parade that essentially were public living areas were named after their European residents. A [[municipal corporation]] was established for the Bangalore Cantonment in 1863. After [[Indian independence movement\|Indian independence]] in 1947, corporation merged with the Bangalore ''pete'' municipal corporation to form the Bangalore City Corporation, now known as [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]. Bangalore was part of the [[Madras Presidency]], and in 1864, the city was connected to [[Madras]] by rail. Still called the Bangalore Cantonment Railway Station, it is one of many railway stations servicing the city of Bangalore.<ref name=publicspaces>http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9941 {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf \|date=5 June 2012 }} Public space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections</ref> Around 1883, Richmond Town, Benson Town and Cleveland Town were added to the cantonment. The population of the Bangalore ''pete'' and cantonment fell dramatically in 1898 when a [[bubonic plague]] epidemic broke out. The [[epidemic]] took a huge toll and many temples were built during this time, dedicated to the goddess Mariamma. The crisis caused by this epidemic catalyzed the improvement and [[sanitation]] of Bangalore and, in turn, improvements in sanitation and health facilities helped to modernize Bangalore. Telephone lines were laid to help coordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper [[sanitation]] facilities came into effect. A health officer was appointed in 1898 and the city was divided into four wards for better coordination and the [[Queen Victoria\|Victoria]] Hospital was inaugurated in 1900 by [[George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston\|Lord Curzon]], the then [[Viceroy]] and [[Governor-General]] of British India. In 1881, the British officially stopped recognizing Bangalore as a cantonment and instead considered it to be an "assigned tract", and administered under the auspices of the [[Mahārājah]] of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]]. However, the British retained their garrison in the city until 1947. After Indian independence, Bangalore Cantonment was merged with the rest of Bangalore City under the dominion of the [[Mysore State]].		The names of many of the cantonment's streets were derived from military nomenclature such as ''[[Artillery]] Road'', ''[[Brigade]] Road'', ''[[Infantry]] Road'' and ''[[Cavalry]] Road''. The city of Bangalore still retains many of the colonial names of its streets. A resident to the King of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] lived within the cantonment area and his quarters was called the "Residency"{{Citation needed\|date=March 2022}} and hence the name ''Residency Road''. Areas around the South Parade that essentially were public living areas were named after their European residents. A [[municipal corporation]] was established for the Bangalore Cantonment in 1863. After [[Indian independence movement\|Indian independence]] in 1947, corporation merged with the Bangalore ''pete'' municipal corporation to form the Bangalore City Corporation, now known as [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]. Bangalore was part of the [[Madras Presidency]], and in 1864, the city was connected to [[Madras]] by rail. Still called the Bangalore Cantonment Railway Station, it is one of many railway stations servicing the city of Bangalore.<ref name=publicspaces>http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9941 {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf \|date=5 June 2012 }} Public space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections</ref> Around 1883, Richmond Town, Benson Town and Cleveland Town were added to the cantonment. The population of the Bangalore ''pete'' and cantonment fell dramatically in 1898 when a [[bubonic plague]] epidemic broke out. The [[epidemic]] took a huge toll and many temples were built during this time, dedicated to the goddess Mariamma. The crisis caused by this epidemic catalyzed the improvement and [[sanitation]] of Bangalore and, in turn, improvements in sanitation and health facilities helped to modernize Bangalore. Telephone lines were laid to help coordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper [[sanitation]] facilities came into effect. A health officer was appointed in 1898 and the city was divided into four wards for better coordination and the [[Queen Victoria\|Victoria]] Hospital was inaugurated in 1900 by [[George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston\|Lord Curzon]], the then [[Viceroy]] and [[Governor-General]] of British India. In 1881, the British officially stopped recognizing Bangalore as a cantonment and instead considered it to be an "assigned tract", and administered under the auspices of the [[Mahārājah]] of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]]. However, the British retained their garrison in the city until 1947. After Indian independence, Bangalore Cantonment was merged with the rest of Bangalore City under the dominion of the [[Mysore State]].

	<gallery mode="packed">		<gallery mode="packed">

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2021-12-04T01:38:51Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 07:08, 4 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2018}}
	The '''Bangalore Cantonment''' (1806–1881) was a military [[cantonment]] of the [[British Raj]] based in the [[India]]n city of [[Bangalore]]. The cantonment covered an area of {{convert\|13\|sqmi\|km2\|0}}, extending from the [[Resident (title)\|Residency]] on the west to Binnamangala on the east and from the [[Tanning (leather)\|Tanneries]] in the north to AGRAM ( Army Group Royal Artillery Maidan ) in the south. By area, it was the largest British military cantonment in [[South India]]. The British [[garrison]] stationed in the cantonment included three [[artillery battery\|artillery batteries]], and regiments of the [[cavalry]], [[infantry]], [[sapper]]s, [[miner (military occupation)\|miner]]s, [[mounted infantry]], supply and transport corps and the ''Bangalore Rifle Volunteers''. The Bangalore Cantonment was directly under the administration of the British Raj, while Bangalore City itself was under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Durbar (court)\|Durbar]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]].		The '''Bangalore Cantonment''' (1806–1881) was a military [[cantonment]] of the [[British Raj]] based in the [[India]]n city of [[Bangalore]]. The cantonment covered an area of {{convert\|13\|sqmi\|km2\|0}}, extending from the [[Resident (title)\|Residency]] on the west to [[Binnamangala, Bangalore\|Binnamangala]] on the east and from the [[Tanning (leather)\|Tanneries]] on [[Tannery Road]] in the north to AGRAM ([[Army Group Royal Artillery]] Maidan - Maidan meaning Ground) in the south. By area, it was the largest British military cantonment in [[South India]]. The British [[garrison]] stationed in the cantonment included three [[artillery battery\|artillery batteries]], and regiments of the [[cavalry]], [[infantry]], [[sapper]]s, [[miner (military occupation)\|miner]]s, [[mounted infantry]], supply and transport corps and the ''Bangalore Rifle Volunteers''. The Bangalore Cantonment was directly under the administration of the British Raj, while Bangalore City itself was under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Durbar (court)\|Durbar]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]].

	== History and Layout ==		== History and Layout ==
Line 28:		Line 28:
	The names of many of the cantonment's streets were derived from military nomenclature such as ''[[Artillery]] Road'', ''[[Brigade]] Road'', ''[[Infantry]] Road'' and ''[[Cavalry]] Road''. The city of Bangalore still retains many of the colonial names of its streets. A resident to the King of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] lived within the cantonment area and his quarters was called the "Residency"{{Citation needed\|date=March 2011}} and hence the name ''Residency Road''. Areas around the South Parade that essentially were public living areas were named after their European residents. A [[municipal corporation]] was established for the Bangalore Cantonment in 1863. After [[Indian independence movement\|Indian independence]] in 1947, corporation merged with the Bangalore ''pete'' municipal corporation to form the Bangalore City Corporation, now known as [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]. Bangalore was part of the [[Madras Presidency]], and in 1864, the city was connected to [[Madras]] by rail. Still called the Bangalore Cantonment Railway Station, it is one of many railway stations servicing the city of Bangalore.<ref name=publicspaces>http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9941 {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf \|date=5 June 2012 }} Public space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections</ref> Around 1883, Richmond Town, Benson Town and Cleveland Town were added to the cantonment. The population of the Bangalore ''pete'' and cantonment fell dramatically in 1898 when a [[bubonic plague]] epidemic broke out. The [[epidemic]] took a huge toll and many temples were built during this time, dedicated to the goddess Mariamma. The crisis caused by this epidemic catalyzed the improvement and [[sanitation]] of Bangalore and, in turn, improvements in sanitation and health facilities helped to modernize Bangalore. Telephone lines were laid to help coordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper [[sanitation]] facilities came into effect. A health officer was appointed in 1898 and the city was divided into four wards for better coordination and the [[Queen Victoria\|Victoria]] Hospital was inaugurated in 1900 by [[George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston\|Lord Curzon]], the then [[Viceroy]] and [[Governor-General]] of British India. In 1881, the British officially stopped recognizing Bangalore as a cantonment and instead considered it to be an "assigned tract", and administered under the auspices of the [[Mahārājah]] of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]]. However, the British retained their garrison in the city until 1947. After Indian independence, Bangalore Cantonment was merged with the rest of Bangalore City under the dominion of the [[Mysore State]].		The names of many of the cantonment's streets were derived from military nomenclature such as ''[[Artillery]] Road'', ''[[Brigade]] Road'', ''[[Infantry]] Road'' and ''[[Cavalry]] Road''. The city of Bangalore still retains many of the colonial names of its streets. A resident to the King of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] lived within the cantonment area and his quarters was called the "Residency"{{Citation needed\|date=March 2011}} and hence the name ''Residency Road''. Areas around the South Parade that essentially were public living areas were named after their European residents. A [[municipal corporation]] was established for the Bangalore Cantonment in 1863. After [[Indian independence movement\|Indian independence]] in 1947, corporation merged with the Bangalore ''pete'' municipal corporation to form the Bangalore City Corporation, now known as [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]. Bangalore was part of the [[Madras Presidency]], and in 1864, the city was connected to [[Madras]] by rail. Still called the Bangalore Cantonment Railway Station, it is one of many railway stations servicing the city of Bangalore.<ref name=publicspaces>http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9941 {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf \|date=5 June 2012 }} Public space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections</ref> Around 1883, Richmond Town, Benson Town and Cleveland Town were added to the cantonment. The population of the Bangalore ''pete'' and cantonment fell dramatically in 1898 when a [[bubonic plague]] epidemic broke out. The [[epidemic]] took a huge toll and many temples were built during this time, dedicated to the goddess Mariamma. The crisis caused by this epidemic catalyzed the improvement and [[sanitation]] of Bangalore and, in turn, improvements in sanitation and health facilities helped to modernize Bangalore. Telephone lines were laid to help coordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper [[sanitation]] facilities came into effect. A health officer was appointed in 1898 and the city was divided into four wards for better coordination and the [[Queen Victoria\|Victoria]] Hospital was inaugurated in 1900 by [[George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston\|Lord Curzon]], the then [[Viceroy]] and [[Governor-General]] of British India. In 1881, the British officially stopped recognizing Bangalore as a cantonment and instead considered it to be an "assigned tract", and administered under the auspices of the [[Mahārājah]] of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]]. However, the British retained their garrison in the city until 1947. After Indian independence, Bangalore Cantonment was merged with the rest of Bangalore City under the dominion of the [[Mysore State]].

	<gallery mode=packed>		<gallery mode="packed">
	File:St Andrews Bangalore.jpg\|[[St. Andrew's Church, Bangalore\|St Andrews Kirk]], Bangalore around 1895 - Furneaux, JH (1895) Glimpses of India. A grand photographic history of the Land of Antiquity, the vast Empire of the East		File:St Andrews Bangalore.jpg\|[[St. Andrew's Church, Bangalore\|St Andrews Kirk]], Bangalore around 1895 - Furneaux, JH (1895) Glimpses of India. A grand photographic history of the Land of Antiquity, the vast Empire of the East
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Wikisource1911Enc\|Bengaluru}}~~
	* [[Cox Town, Bangalore]]		* [[Cox Town, Bangalore]]
	* [[Cooke Town]]		* [[Cooke Town]]
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	* [[Sir Mirza Ismail]]		* [[Sir Mirza Ismail]]
	* [[Bangalore East Railway Station]]		* [[Bangalore East Railway Station]]
			*[[Bangalore Cantonment railway station]]
	* [[List of areas in Bangalore Cantonment]]		* [[List of areas in Bangalore Cantonment]]
	* [[List of schools in Bangalore Cantonment]]		* [[List of schools in Bangalore Cantonment]]
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	== References ==		== References ==
			{{Wikisource1911Enc\|Bangalore}}
			{{commons category\|Bangalore Cantonment}}
	<references/>		<references/>
	~~{{commons category\|Bangalore Cantonment}}~~
	{{Bangalore topics}}		{{Bangalore topics}}

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2020-12-11T17:50:45Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 2 templates: del empty params (3×); hyphenate params (1×);

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
The '''Bangalore Cantonment''' (1806–1881) was a military [[cantonment]] of the [[British Raj]] based in the [[India]]n city of [[Bangalore]]. The cantonment covered an area of {{convert|13|sqmi|km2|0}}, extending from the [[Resident (title)|Residency]] on the west to Binnamangala on the east and from the [[Tanning (leather)|Tanneries]] in the north to AGRAM ( Army Group Royal Artillery Maidan ) in the south. By area, it was the largest British military cantonment in [[South India]]. The British [[garrison]] stationed in the cantonment included three [[artillery battery|artillery batteries]], and regiments of the [[cavalry]], [[infantry]], [[sapper]]s, [[miner (military occupation)|miner]]s, [[mounted infantry]], supply and transport corps and the ''Bangalore Rifle Volunteers''. The Bangalore Cantonment was directly under the administration of the British Raj, while Bangalore City itself was under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Durbar (court)|Durbar]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]].

== History and Layout ==
[[File:The Cantonment Side of Bangalore (p.98) - Copy.jpg|thumb|200px|The Cantonment Side of Bangalore (p.98, 1890), London Missionary Society<ref name=LMS>{{cite journal|title=The Cantonment Side of Bangalore|journal=Chronicles of the London Missionary Society|date=1890|url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclelondon00unkngoog|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref>]]
[[File:Bangalore LadyCurzonHospital.jpg|thumb|[[Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston|Lady Curzon]] hospital in the cantonment was established in 1864 and named after the first wife of the [[Viceroy]] of India, [[Lord Curzon]].]]

Prior to the arrival of the British, Bangalore had been the stronghold of several [[Hindu]] dynasties including the [[Gangas]], [[Cholas]], [[Hoysalas]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. In the 18th century, the dominion of Bangalore passed on to [[Hyder Ali|Haider Ali]]. After a series of successive wars known as the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]] with Haider Ali's son, [[Tipu Sultan]], the British captured the city and all of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in 1799.

===Capture of Bangalore Fort===
Bangalore was the strongest [[Bangalore Fort|fort]] of Tipu Sultan and during the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]], [[Lord Cornwallis]] decided to reduce this fort before the storming of [[Srirangapatna]].<ref name="Mil_Engr_In_India_Vol_1">{{cite book |title=The Military Engineer in India, Vol I|last=Sandes |first=Lt Col E.W.C. |year=1933 |publisher=The Institution of Royal Engineers|location=Chatham |pages=163–165 }}</ref>

Tipu Sultan followed Cornwallis' army, placing him in the awkward position of having an undefeated enemy army at his back while besieging the strong fortification. Tipu kept away hoping to take assault when underway in flank. Over the next twelve days, two companies of the [[Madras Engineer Group|Madras Pioneers]] provided [[sapper]]s for eight batteries, dug several parallels and a trench up to the fort ditch. Cornwallis attacked secretly on the night of 21 March 1791. The Madras Pioneers, led by Lt [[Colin Mackenzie]], crossed the ditch with scaling ladders, mounted the breach and entered the fort, while the artillery engaged the fort with blank ammunition. With a breach made, the main stormers rushed in and the fort was captured after a hand-to hand fight in which a thousand defenders were killed. Cornwallis captured the fort and secured the force against Tipu.<ref name="Mil_Engr_In_India_Vol_1"/>

The Madras Pioneers, went on to make Bangalore their permanent home.

===Establishment of cantonment===
The British found Bangalore to be a pleasant and appropriate place to station their [[garrison]] and therefore moved their garrison to Bangalore from [[Srirangapatna]]. The origin of the word ''cantonment'' comes from the [[French language|French]] word ''[[:fr:Canton français|canton]]'', meaning ''corner'' or ''district''. Each cantonment was essentially a well-defined and clearly demarcated unit of territory set apart for the quartering and administering of troops.<ref name=bangCant>The Story of a City, East West Books (Madras) Pvt. Ltd., Jayapal Maya</ref> The heart of the Bangalore Cantonment was the Parade Ground. The Civil and Military Station (CMS) grew around the Parade Ground.
[[File:Manekshaw Parade Grounds.JPG|thumb|right|Parade Ground]]

The installation of the Bangalore Cantonment attracted a large number of migrant workers from [[Tamil Nadu]] and other neighboring states of the Kingdom of Mysore.<ref name=BritishRaj><u>[http://www.sindhindia.com/p/karnataka/bangalore/bangalore/bangalore/ Destination: Bangalore]</u>. Bangalore Information</ref> Bangalore rapidly became the largest city in the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. In 1831, the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore was moved from Mysore city to Bangalore. The Bangalore Cantonment grew independent of its twin-city, referred to as Bangalore ''pete'' ({{IPA-kn|ˈpeːteː}}). The ''pete'' was populated with the native [[Kannadiga]] population, while the Bangalore Cantonment, had a colonial design with a population that consisted of residents from other parts of India and [[Great Britain|Britain]]. In the 19th century, the Bangalore Cantonment had clubs, churches, [[bungalow]]s, shops and cinemas. The Bangalore Cantonment had a strong [[Europe]]an influence with public residence and life centered on the South Parade, now referred to as [[M G Road, Bangalore|MG Road]]. The area around the South Parade was famous for its bars and restaurants with the area known as ''Blackpally'' becoming a one-stop shopping area <ref name=blackpally>[http://www.children-of-bangalore.com/john.htm St. John's Church, Bangalore, India]
</ref> The Cubbon Park was built in the Bangalore Cantonment in 1864 on {{convert|120|acre|km2}} of land. The [[St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore|St. Mark's Cathedral]] was built on the South Parade grounds. The settlements adjacent to the South Parades was known as ''Mootocherry'' which was occupied by [[Tamil people|Tamil]] settlers from the [[North Arcot]] and [[South Arcot]] districts of Tamil Nadu.

[[File:Bangalore1924 map.png|thumb|A 1924 map of the Bangalore Cantonment depicting the South Parade and the areas around it]]

===Development===
The names of many of the cantonment's streets were derived from military nomenclature such as ''[[Artillery]] Road'', ''[[Brigade]] Road'', ''[[Infantry]] Road'' and ''[[Cavalry]] Road''. The city of Bangalore still retains many of the colonial names of its streets. A resident to the King of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] lived within the cantonment area and his quarters was called the "Residency"{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} and hence the name ''Residency Road''. Areas around the South Parade that essentially were public living areas were named after their European residents. A [[municipal corporation]] was established for the Bangalore Cantonment in 1863. After [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] in 1947, corporation merged with the Bangalore ''pete'' municipal corporation to form the Bangalore City Corporation, now known as [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]. Bangalore was part of the [[Madras Presidency]], and in 1864, the city was connected to [[Madras]] by rail. Still called the Bangalore Cantonment Railway Station, it is one of many railway stations servicing the city of Bangalore.<ref name=publicspaces>http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9941 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf |date=5 June 2012 }} Public space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections</ref> Around 1883, Richmond Town, Benson Town and Cleveland Town were added to the cantonment. The population of the Bangalore ''pete'' and cantonment fell dramatically in 1898 when a [[bubonic plague]] epidemic broke out. The [[epidemic]] took a huge toll and many temples were built during this time, dedicated to the goddess Mariamma. The crisis caused by this epidemic catalyzed the improvement and [[sanitation]] of Bangalore and, in turn, improvements in sanitation and health facilities helped to modernize Bangalore. Telephone lines were laid to help coordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper [[sanitation]] facilities came into effect. A health officer was appointed in 1898 and the city was divided into four wards for better coordination and the [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] Hospital was inaugurated in 1900 by [[George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]], the then [[Viceroy]] and [[Governor-General]] of British India. In 1881, the British officially stopped recognizing Bangalore as a cantonment and instead considered it to be an "assigned tract", and administered under the auspices of the [[Mahārājah]] of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]]. However, the British retained their garrison in the city until 1947. After Indian independence, Bangalore Cantonment was merged with the rest of Bangalore City under the dominion of the [[Mysore State]].

<gallery mode=packed>
File:St Andrews Bangalore.jpg|[[St. Andrew's Church, Bangalore|St Andrews Kirk]], Bangalore around 1895 - Furneaux, JH (1895) Glimpses of India. A grand photographic history of the Land of Antiquity, the vast Empire of the East
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Bengaluru}}
* [[Cox Town, Bangalore]]
* [[Cooke Town]]
* [[Fraser Town, Bangalore]]
* [[Murphy Town, Bangalore]]
* [[Austin Town]]
* [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
* [[Sir Mirza Ismail]]
* [[Bangalore East Railway Station]]
* [[List of areas in Bangalore Cantonment]]
* [[List of schools in Bangalore Cantonment]]
* [[Plaza Theatre (Bangalore)]]

== References ==
<references/>
{{commons category|Bangalore Cantonment}}
{{Bangalore topics}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Cantonments of British India]]
[[Category:Bangalore Civil and Military Station| ]]
[[Category:History of Bangalore]]
[[Category:Cantonments of India]]
[[Category:1806 establishments in British India]]