Bandhani - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:47, 25 June 2022
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			{{morefootnotes\|date=May 2022}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2022}}
			{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2022}}
	{{short description\|Tie-dyeing technique of India}}		{{short description\|Tie-dyeing technique of India}}
	[[File:Bandhani print open.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|Bandhani craft]]		[[File:Bandhani print open.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|Bandhani craft]]

	'''Bandhani''' ({{lang-hi\|बांधणी}}, {{lang-gu\|બાંધણી}}) is a type of [[tie-dye]] [[textile]] decorated by plucking the cloth with the fingernails into many tiny bindings that form a figurative design.<ref name="Ikat">{{cite book \|author=G. K. Ghosh, Shukla Ghosh \|date=January 1, 2000 \|chapter=3 \|title=Ikat Textiles of India \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOrTw0gPSVYC&q=Bandhani&pg=PA15 \|publisher=APH Publishing \|publication-date=2000 \|isbn=978-8170247067 \|access-date=March ~~28,~~ 2017}}</ref> The term ''bandhani'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] verbal root ''bandh'' ("to bind, to tie").<ref>		'''Bandhani''' ({{lang-hi\|बांधणी}}, {{lang-gu\|બાંધણી}}) is a type of [[tie-dye]] [[textile]] decorated by plucking the cloth with the fingernails into many tiny bindings that form a figurative design.<ref name="Ikat">{{cite book \|author=G. K. Ghosh, Shukla Ghosh \|date=1 January 2000 \|chapter=3 \|title=Ikat Textiles of India \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOrTw0gPSVYC&q=Bandhani&pg=PA15 \|publisher=APH Publishing \|publication-date=2000 \|isbn=978-8170247067 \|access-date=28 March 2017}}</ref> The term ''bandhani'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] verbal root ''bandh'' ("to bind, to tie").<ref>
	{{cite book		{{cite book
	\|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/index.php		\|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/index.php
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	\|year=2002		\|year=2002
	\|isbn=9784770027771		\|isbn=9784770027771
	}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qbRhAAAAIAAJ&q=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&dq=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDsQ6AEwA2oVChMImNjD_PyKxgIVREAUCh3PVgCY Gujarat State Gazetteers: Junagadh (1971)]</ref> Today, most Bandhani making centers are situated in [[Gujarat]],<ref name="SAM">{{cite book \|first=Brenda M. \|last=King \|date=September 3, 2005 \|title=Silk and Empire \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqua3eovs7kC&q=Bandhani&pg=PA59 \|publisher=Manchester University Press \|publication-date=2005 \|page=59 \|isbn=978-0719067013 \|access-date=March ~~19,~~ 2017}}</ref> [[Rajasthan]],<ref name="Ikat"/> [[Sindh]], [[Punjab region]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8ldQAAAAMAAJ&dq=tie+dying++punjab+cholistan&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=between++cholistan+and+lahore Feliccia Yacopino (1977) Threadlines Pakistan]</ref> and in [[Tamil Nadu]] where it is known as ''Sungudi''.<ref>Nasreen Askari, Liz Arthur, Paisley Museum and Art Galleries Merrell Holberton, (1999) Uncut cloth [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FBJPAAAAMAAJ&q=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&dq=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAmoVChMImNjD_PyKxgIVREAUCh3PVgCY]</ref><ref name="Wada 2002 28">{{cite book		}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qbRhAAAAIAAJ&q=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&dq=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDsQ6AEwA2oVChMImNjD_PyKxgIVREAUCh3PVgCY Gujarat State Gazetteers: Junagadh (1971)]</ref> Today, most Bandhani making centers are situated in [[Gujarat]],<ref name="SAM">{{cite book \|first=Brenda M. \|last=King \|date=3 September 2005 \|title=Silk and Empire \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqua3eovs7kC&q=Bandhani&pg=PA59 \|publisher=Manchester University Press \|publication-date=2005 \|page=59 \|isbn=978-0719067013 \|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref> [[Rajasthan]],<ref name="Ikat"/> [[Sindh]], [[Punjab region]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8ldQAAAAMAAJ&dq=tie+dying++punjab+cholistan&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=between++cholistan+and+lahore Feliccia Yacopino (1977) Threadlines Pakistan]</ref> and in [[Tamil Nadu]] where it is known as ''Sungudi''. It is known as ''chunri'' in Pakistan.<ref>Nasreen Askari, Liz Arthur, Paisley Museum and Art Galleries Merrell Holberton, (1999) Uncut cloth [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FBJPAAAAMAAJ&q=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&dq=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAmoVChMImNjD_PyKxgIVREAUCh3PVgCY]</ref><ref name="Wada 2002 28">{{cite book
	\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6hCMBfLTPZwC&pg=PA28		\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6hCMBfLTPZwC&pg=PA28
	\|page=28		\|page=28
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	\|isbn=9784770027771		\|isbn=9784770027771
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
	Earliest evidence of Bandhani dates back to [[Indus Valley ~~Civilization~~]] where dyeing was done as early as 4000 B.C. The earliest example of the most pervasive type of ''Bandhani dots'' can be seen in the 6th century paintings depicting the life of Buddha found on the wall of Cave 1 at Ajanta.<ref name="Wada 2002 28"/> Bandhani is also known as [[Bandhej Saree]], Bandhni, Piliya, and Chungidi in Tamil and regional dialects. Other tying techniques include Mothra, Ekdali and Shikari depending on the manner in which the cloth is tied. The final products are known with various names including Khombi, Ghar Chola, Patori and Chandrokhani		Earliest evidence of Bandhani dates back to [[Indus Valley civilization]] where dyeing was done as early as 4000 B.C. The earliest example of the most pervasive type of ''Bandhani dots'' can be seen in the 6th century paintings depicting the life of Buddha found on the wall of Cave 1 at Ajanta.<ref name="Wada 2002 28"/> Bandhani is also known as [[Bandhej Saree]], Bandhni, Piliya, and Chungidi in Tamil and regional dialects. Other tying techniques include Mothra, Ekdali and Shikari depending on the manner in which the cloth is tied. The final products are known with various names including Khombi, Ghar Chola, Patori and Chandrokhani

	==Overview==		==Overview==
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	==History==		==History==

	Earliest evidence of Bandhani dates back to [[Indus Valley ~~Civilization~~]] suggest that dyeing was done as early as 4000 B.C. The earliest example of the most pervasive type of ''Bandhani dots'' can be seen in the 6th century paintings depicting the life of Buddha found on the wall of Cave I at Ajanta.<ref name="Wada 2002 28"/> This art finds its mentions in the Alexander the great time texts about the beautiful printed cottons of India. As per evidences in Historical Texts, the first Bandhani saree was worn at the time of Bana Bhatt's Harshacharita in a royal marriage. It was believed that wearing a Bandhani saree can bring good future to a bride. Ajanta walls stand for the evidences of these Bandhani sarees. The dyers have experimented with the use of different elements both natural and man-made for ages. Also, there are experiments with different binding/tying techniques to create patterns on cloth immersed in containers of dye. Different types of tie and dyes have been practiced in India.		Earliest evidence of Bandhani dates back to [[Indus Valley civilization]] suggest that dyeing was done as early as 4000 B.C. The earliest example of the most pervasive type of ''Bandhani dots'' can be seen in the 6th century paintings depicting the life of Buddha found on the wall of Cave I at Ajanta.<ref name="Wada 2002 28"/> This art finds its mentions in the Alexander the great time texts about the beautiful printed cottons of India. As per evidences in Historical Texts, the first Bandhani saree was worn at the time of Bana Bhatt's Harshacharita in a royal marriage. It was believed that wearing a Bandhani saree can bring good future to a bride. Ajanta walls stand for the evidences of these Bandhani sarees. The dyers have experimented with the use of different elements both natural and man-made for ages. Also, there are experiments with different binding/tying techniques to create patterns on cloth immersed in containers of dye. Different types of tie and dyes have been practiced in India.

	==Bandhej Saree==		==Bandhej Saree==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{Commons category\|Bandhani}}		{{Commons category\|Bandhani}}
	{{reflist~~\|20em~~}}		{{reflist}}

	[[Category:Painted fabrics]]		[[Category:Painted fabrics]]

imported>Niceguyedc: v2.04 - Repaired 1 link to disambiguation page - (You can help) - Plucking

2021-09-04T06:26:42Z

v2.04 - Repaired 1 link to disambiguation page - (You can help) - Plucking

New page

{{short description|Tie-dyeing technique of India}}
[[File:Bandhani print open.JPG|thumb|300px|Bandhani craft]]

'''Bandhani''' ({{lang-hi|बांधणी}}, {{lang-gu|બાંધણી}}) is a type of [[tie-dye]] [[textile]] decorated by plucking the cloth with the fingernails into many tiny bindings that form a figurative design.<ref name="Ikat">{{cite book |author=G. K. Ghosh, Shukla Ghosh |date=January 1, 2000 |chapter=3 |title=Ikat Textiles of India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOrTw0gPSVYC&q=Bandhani&pg=PA15 |publisher=APH Publishing |publication-date=2000 |isbn=978-8170247067 |access-date=March 28, 2017}}</ref> The term ''bandhani'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] verbal root ''bandh'' ("to bind, to tie").<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/index.php
|title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899}}
{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6hCMBfLTPZwC&pg=PA28
|page=28
|title=Memory on Cloth: Shibori Now
|first=Yoshiko Iwamoto|last=Wada
|publisher=Kodansha International
|year=2002
|isbn=9784770027771
}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qbRhAAAAIAAJ&q=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&dq=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDsQ6AEwA2oVChMImNjD_PyKxgIVREAUCh3PVgCY Gujarat State Gazetteers: Junagadh (1971)]</ref> Today, most Bandhani making centers are situated in [[Gujarat]],<ref name="SAM">{{cite book |first=Brenda M. |last=King |date=September 3, 2005 |title=Silk and Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqua3eovs7kC&q=Bandhani&pg=PA59 |publisher=Manchester University Press |publication-date=2005 |page=59 |isbn=978-0719067013 |access-date=March 19, 2017}}</ref> [[Rajasthan]],<ref name="Ikat"/> [[Sindh]], [[Punjab region]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8ldQAAAAMAAJ&dq=tie+dying++punjab+cholistan&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=between++cholistan+and+lahore Feliccia Yacopino (1977) Threadlines Pakistan]</ref> and in [[Tamil Nadu]] where it is known as ''Sungudi''.<ref>Nasreen Askari, Liz Arthur, Paisley Museum and Art Galleries Merrell Holberton, (1999) Uncut cloth [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FBJPAAAAMAAJ&q=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&dq=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAmoVChMImNjD_PyKxgIVREAUCh3PVgCY]</ref><ref name="Wada 2002 28">{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6hCMBfLTPZwC&pg=PA28
|page=28
|title=Memory on Cloth: Shibori Now
|first=Yoshiko Iwamoto|last=Wada
|publisher=Kodansha International
|year=2002
|isbn=9784770027771
}}</ref>
Earliest evidence of Bandhani dates back to [[Indus Valley Civilization]] where dyeing was done as early as 4000 B.C. The earliest example of the most pervasive type of ''Bandhani dots'' can be seen in the 6th century paintings depicting the life of Buddha found on the wall of Cave 1 at Ajanta.<ref name="Wada 2002 28"/> Bandhani is also known as [[Bandhej Saree]], Bandhni, Piliya, and Chungidi in Tamil and regional dialects. Other tying techniques include Mothra, Ekdali and Shikari depending on the manner in which the cloth is tied. The final products are known with various names including Khombi, Ghar Chola, Patori and Chandrokhani

==Overview==
[[File:Bandhani, Tie dye dresses drying in Jaipur.jpg|thumb|Bandhani, tie dye drying in [[Jaipur]].]]
[[File:Bhattia Women (9938694664).jpg|thumb|Group of women wearing Bandhani [[Sari]], ca. 1855–1862.]]
[[File:Lowana Women (9938634413).jpg|thumb|Group of women dressed in Bandhani [[Sari]] c. 1855–1862.]]

The art of Bandhani is a highly skilled process. The technique involves dyeing a fabric which is tied tightly with a thread at several points, thus producing a variety of patterns like Chandrakala, Bavan Baug, Shikari etcetera; depending on the manner in which the cloth is tied. The main colour used in Bandhana are yellow, red, blue, green and black.

The main colours used in Bandhana are natural. As Bandhani is a tie and dye process, dying is done by hand and hence best colours and combinations are possible in Bandhanis.

The Bandhani work has been exclusively carried out by the Khatri community of Kutchh and Saurashtra. A meter length of cloth can have thousands of tiny knots known as 'Bheendi' in the local language ('Gujarati'). These knots form a design once opened after dyeing in bright colours. Traditionally, the final products can be classified into 'khombhi', 'Ghar Chola', 'Chandrakhani', 'Shikari', 'Chowkidaar', 'Ambadaal' and other categories.

Bandhani work is also done in Rajasthan, where different colours and designs are used than the Kutch and Saurashtra regions of Gujarat. Establishments of varying sizes in the entire Kutch belt in Gujarat produce many varieties of Bandhani. This Bandhani style is called as the Kutchi Bandhani.

Bandhani tying is often a family trade, and the women of these families work at home to tie patterns. Pethapur, Mandavi, Bhuj, Anjar, Jetpur, Jamnagar, Rajkot, are some of the main towns in Gujarat, where Bandhani is created. The city of Bhuj in Gujarat is well known for its red Bandhani. Dyeing process of Bandhani is carried out extensively in this city, as the water of this area is known to give a particular brightness to colours, specifically reds and maroons.

As with other Indian textiles, in Bandhani too different colours convey different meanings. People believe that red is an auspicious colour for brides.

==History==

Earliest evidence of Bandhani dates back to [[Indus Valley Civilization]] suggest that dyeing was done as early as 4000 B.C. The earliest example of the most pervasive type of ''Bandhani dots'' can be seen in the 6th century paintings depicting the life of Buddha found on the wall of Cave I at Ajanta.<ref name="Wada 2002 28"/> This art finds its mentions in the Alexander the great time texts about the beautiful printed cottons of India. As per evidences in Historical Texts, the first Bandhani saree was worn at the time of Bana Bhatt's Harshacharita in a royal marriage. It was believed that wearing a Bandhani saree can bring good future to a bride. Ajanta walls stand for the evidences of these Bandhani sarees. The dyers have experimented with the use of different elements both natural and man-made for ages. Also, there are experiments with different binding/tying techniques to create patterns on cloth immersed in containers of dye. Different types of tie and dyes have been practiced in India.

==Bandhej Saree==
[[File:Bandhej Saree.jpg|thumb|right|Bandhej Saree]]

Bandhej saree which is also known as "Bandhani saree" is specially found in [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]]. As per the region of manufacturing the patterns of Bandhej saree may vary. Fine varieties of Bandhej are created in [[Pethapur]], [[Mandvi]], [[Bhuj]], [[Anjar, Gujarat|Anjar]], [[Jamnagar]], [[Jetpur, Navagadh|Jetpur]], [[Porbandar]], [[Rajkot]], [[Udaipur]], [[Jaipur]], [[Ajmer]], [[Bikaner]], [[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]] etc.

Bandhani, one of the oldest known methods of tie-dyeing, is still widely practiced in western India today. The fabric is made by pinching very small portions of cloth and tying them by plucking the cloth with the fingernails into many tiny bindings that form a figurative design to form an intricate pattern of dots. The cloth is then placed into different dye vats to form bright and beautiful colors.

==Process==

Bandhani is a method of [[binding knot|binding]] small knots and dyeing them in different colours to produce beautiful patterns. This tying was normally done with [[fingernails]] for making. But in some places of [[Rajasthan]], [[Artisan|craftsmen]] wear a [[metal]] [[ring (jewellery)|ring]] with a pointy nail to help plucking the cloth easily.

The process of making a bandhani [[textile]] is not very tough, but is very time-consuming. The [[fabric]] used for making Bandhani sarees and dupattas are loosely [[woven]] [[silk]] called [[Georgette]], or [[cotton]] known as [[Malmal]]. The [[knot]]s are tightly tied, and the rest of the fabric is dyed in multiple stages. This leaves the knots undyed and hence a beautiful flower-like pattern appears all over the cloth as a [[design]].

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Bandhani (8356667237).jpg|Bandhani sari
File:Bandhani (8357755412).jpg|Bandhani
File:Bandhej.JPG|Bandhani sari
File:Bandhani Dupatta (7034542551).jpg|Bandhani [[Dupatta]]
File:Bandhani Dupatta (5788125979).jpg|Bandhani Dupatta
File:Seidenrelief.jpg|Preparing bandhani craft
File:Bandhani (8357715298).jpg|Rajasthani bandhani pagri
</gallery>

==References==
{{Commons category|Bandhani}}
{{reflist|20em}}

[[Category:Painted fabrics]]
[[Category:Textile arts of India]]
[[Category:Rajasthani arts]]
[[Category:Indian handicrafts]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Rajasthani clothing]]