AidanHeim7993963: fixed article to improve readability and fixed typos

2023-01-02T00:35:18Z

fixed article to improve readability and fixed typos

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 24 December 2022
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	{{Short description\|Prime minister of the Maratha Empire (reigned 1720–40)}}		{{Short description\|Prime minister of the Maratha Empire (reigned 1720–40)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=March ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2017}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific_prefix =		\| honorific_prefix =
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	'''Baji Rao I''' (18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740), born as '''Visaji''',<ref name="GSC_2005">{{cite book \|last=Chhabra \|first=G. S. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC \|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India (Volume 1: 1707–1813) \|publisher=Lotus Press \|year=2005 \|edition=Revised \|orig-year=1971 \|isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 \|page=19}}</ref> also known as '''Bajirao Ballal''' (Pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi\|[bad͡ʒiɾaːʋ bəlːaːɭ]]]), <ref>{{cite book \|first=Sandhya \|last=Gokhale \|title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ \|year=2008 \|publisher=Shubhi \|isbn=978-81-8290-132-2 \|page=82 }}</ref> was the 7th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]. During his 20-year tenure as a Peshwa, he defeated [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I\|Nizam-ul-Mulk]] at several battles like the [[Battle of Delhi (1737)\|Battle of Delhi]] and [[Battle of Bhopal]]. Baji Rao's contributed for Maratha supremacy in [[South India\|southern India]] and [[North India\|northern India]]. Thus, he was partly responsible for establishing Maratha power in [[Gujarat]], [[Malwa]], [[Rajputana]] and [[Bundelkhand]] and liberating [[Konkan]] (western coast of [[India]]) from the [[Janjira State\|Siddis of Janjira]] and [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese rule]].		'''Baji Rao I''' (18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740), born as '''Visaji''',<ref name="GSC_2005">{{cite book \|last=Chhabra \|first=G. S. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC \|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India (Volume 1: 1707–1813) \|publisher=Lotus Press \|year=2005 \|edition=Revised \|orig-year=1971 \|isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 \|page=19}}</ref> also known as '''Bajirao Ballal''' (Pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi\|[bad͡ʒiɾaːʋ bəlːaːɭ]]]), <ref>{{cite book \|first=Sandhya \|last=Gokhale \|title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ \|year=2008 \|publisher=Shubhi \|isbn=978-81-8290-132-2 \|page=82 }}</ref> was the 7th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]. During his 20-year tenure as a Peshwa, he defeated [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I\|Nizam-ul-Mulk]] at several battles like the [[Battle of Delhi (1737)\|Battle of Delhi]] and [[Battle of Bhopal]]. Baji Rao's contributed for Maratha supremacy in [[South India\|southern India]] and [[North India\|northern India]]. Thus, he was partly responsible for establishing Maratha power in [[Gujarat]], [[Malwa]], [[Rajputana]] and [[Bundelkhand]] and liberating [[Konkan]] (western coast of [[India]]) from the [[Janjira State\|Siddis of Janjira]] and [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese rule]].

	Baji Rao's relationship with his Muslim wife, a controversial subject,<ref name=Mehta05/><ref name="GSC_2005"/> has been adapted in Indian novels and cinema.<ref>{{citation \|title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html \|work=[[India Today]] \|date=25 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Jha\|first=Subhash K\|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html\|publisher=[[Firstpost]]\|date=19 October 2015\|access-date=19 October ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ\|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani\|last=Inamdar\|first=N. S.\|date=20 October 2016\|publisher=Pan Macmillan\|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7\|language=en}}</ref>		Baji Rao's relationship with his Muslim wife, a controversial subject,<ref name=Mehta05/><ref name="GSC_2005"/> has been adapted in Indian novels and cinema.<ref>{{citation \|title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html \|work=[[India Today]] \|date=25 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Jha\|first=Subhash K\|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html\|publisher=[[Firstpost]]\|date=19 October 2015\|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ\|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani\|last=Inamdar\|first=N. S.\|date=20 October 2016\|publisher=Pan Macmillan\|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
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	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	Baji Rao's first wife was [[Kashibai]], the daughter of Mahadji Krishna Joshi and Bhawanibai of [[Chas, Khed\|Chas]] (a wealthy banking family).<ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ&q=kashibai \| title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 \| publisher=Sandhya Gokhale \| first=Sandhya \| last=Gokhale \| year=2008 \| page=82 \| isbn=9788182901322}}</ref> Baji Rao always treated his wife Kashibai with love and respect.<ref name="Mishra" /> Their relationship was a happy one.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Mehta \|first=Jaswant Lal \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC \|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707 – 1813 \|year=2005 \|publisher=New Dawn Press \|location=New Delhi \|isbn=9781932705546 \|page=124}}</ref><ref name="Mishra">{{cite news\|last1=Mishra\|first1=Garima\|title=Tracing Kashibai: The 'first' lady from Bhansali's Bajirao Mastani\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/kashibai-the-first-lady/\|access-date=30 July 2017\|work=The Indian Express\|date=3 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> They had four sons [[Balaji Baji Rao]] (also called Nanasaheb), Ramchandra Rao, [[Raghunath Rao]] and Janardhan Rao, who died at an early age.<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWbaAAAAMAAJ \|title=Begams, concubines, and memsahibs \|first=B. P. \|last=Saha \|publisher=Vikas \|year=1997 \|page=88 \|isbn=9788125902850 }}</ref> Nanasaheb was appointed Peshwa by Shahu Maharaj in 1740, succeeding his father.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Sardesai \|first=Govind Sakharam \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142/ \|title=New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707–1772 \|date=1946 \|publisher=Phoenix Publications \|page=189}}</ref>		Baji Rao's first wife was [[Kashibai]], the daughter of Mahadji Krishna Joshi and Bhawanibai of [[Chas, Khed\|Chas]] (a wealthy banking family).<ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ&q=kashibai \| title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 \| publisher=Sandhya Gokhale \| first=Sandhya \| last=Gokhale \| year=2008 \| page=82 \| isbn=9788182901322}}</ref> Baji Rao always treated his wife Kashibai with love and respect.<ref name="Mishra" /> Their relationship was a happy one.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Mehta \|first=Jaswant Lal \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC \|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707 – 1813 \|year=2005 \|publisher=New Dawn Press \|location=New Delhi \|isbn=9781932705546 \|page=124}}</ref><ref name="Mishra">{{cite news\|last1=Mishra\|first1=Garima\|title=Tracing Kashibai: The 'first' lady from Bhansali's Bajirao Mastani\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/kashibai-the-first-lady/\|access-date=30 July 2017\|work=The Indian Express\|date=3 January 2016}}</ref> They had four sons [[Balaji Baji Rao]] (also called Nanasaheb), Ramchandra Rao, [[Raghunath Rao]] and Janardhan Rao, who died at an early age.<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWbaAAAAMAAJ \|title=Begams, concubines, and memsahibs \|first=B. P. \|last=Saha \|publisher=Vikas \|year=1997 \|page=88 \|isbn=9788125902850 }}</ref> Nanasaheb was appointed Peshwa by Shahu Maharaj in 1740, succeeding his father.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Sardesai \|first=Govind Sakharam \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142/ \|title=New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707–1772 \|date=1946 \|publisher=Phoenix Publications \|page=189}}</ref>

	Baji Rao took Mastani as his wife, the daughter of [[Rajput]] king [[Chhatrasal]], born from his [[Islam\|Muslim]] concubine.<ref>{{Cite book\|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC\|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813\|date=1 January 2005\|page=108\|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd\|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6\|language=en\|quote=Of his own sweet will The Rajput king bestowed a large number of Personal Jagir to Bajirao near Jhansi and further offered his daughter Mastani born from his Muslim Concubine}}</ref> The relationship was a political one, arranged to please Chhatrasal.<ref name=Mehta05/> Mastani had a son, [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)\|Krishna Rao]], in 1734. Since his mother was Muslim, the Hindu priests refused to conduct [[upanayana]] ceremony and he became known as Shamsher Bahadur.<ref name="GSC_2005"/> After the deaths of Baji Rao and Mastani in 1740, Kashibai raised six-year-old Shamsher Bahadur as her own. Shamsher received a portion of his father's dominion of Banda and [[Kalpi]]. In 1761, he and his army fought alongside the Peshwa in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] between the Marathas and the [[Pashtuns\|Afghans]]. Wounded in the battle, Shamsher died several days later in [[Deeg]].<ref>{{cite book \|first=Henry \|last=Dodwell \|title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA407 \|year=1937 \|publisher=CUP Archive \|page=407\|id=GGKEY:96PECZLGTT6}}</ref><ref name="Chid_1951">{{cite book \|first=Chidambaram S. \|last=Srinivasachari \|title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ \|year=1951 \|publisher=University of Madras \|page=219 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|first1=Rosemary \|last1=Crill \|first2=Kapil \|last2=Jariwala \|title=The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC&pg=PA162 \|year=2010 \|publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89995-37-9 \|page=162 }}</ref>		Baji Rao took Mastani as his wife, the daughter of [[Rajput]] king [[Chhatrasal]], born from his [[Islam\|Muslim]] concubine.<ref>{{Cite book\|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC\|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813\|date=1 January 2005\|page=108\|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd\|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6\|language=en\|quote=Of his own sweet will The Rajput king bestowed a large number of Personal Jagir to Bajirao near Jhansi and further offered his daughter Mastani born from his Muslim Concubine}}</ref> The relationship was a political one, arranged to please Chhatrasal.<ref name=Mehta05/> Mastani had a son, [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)\|Krishna Rao]], in 1734. Since his mother was Muslim, the Hindu priests refused to conduct [[upanayana]] ceremony and he became known as Shamsher Bahadur.<ref name="GSC_2005"/> After the deaths of Baji Rao and Mastani in 1740, Kashibai raised six-year-old Shamsher Bahadur as her own. Shamsher received a portion of his father's dominion of Banda and [[Kalpi]]. In 1761, he and his army fought alongside the Peshwa in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] between the Marathas and the [[Pashtuns\|Afghans]]. Wounded in the battle, Shamsher died several days later in [[Deeg]].<ref>{{cite book \|first=Henry \|last=Dodwell \|title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA407 \|year=1937 \|publisher=CUP Archive \|page=407\|id=GGKEY:96PECZLGTT6}}</ref><ref name="Chid_1951">{{cite book \|first=Chidambaram S. \|last=Srinivasachari \|title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ \|year=1951 \|publisher=University of Madras \|page=219 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|first1=Rosemary \|last1=Crill \|first2=Kapil \|last2=Jariwala \|title=The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC&pg=PA162 \|year=2010 \|publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89995-37-9 \|page=162 }}</ref>
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	=== {{anchor\|Portuguese}}The Portuguese ===		=== {{anchor\|Portuguese}}The Portuguese ===

	The [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese]] had colonised several regions of India's west coast. They violated an agreement to give the Marathas a site on [[Salsette Island]] for a factory, and were intolerant of Hindus in their territory. In March 1737, the Peshwa dispatched a Maratha force (led by Chimaji) against them. Although the Marathas captured [[Ghodbunder Fort]] and nearly all of [[Vasai]] in the [[Battle of Vasai]] and gained control of Salsette on 16 May 1739 after a long siege, [[Nader Shah's invasion of India]] then diverted their attention from the Portuguese.<ref name="GSC_2005"/> The war trophies from Vasai included several Church bells which are found in many prominent Hindu temples in Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Lopez \|first1=Rachel \|title=Why bells from Portuguese-era churches ring in temples across Maharashtra \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/why-bells-from-portuguese-era-churches-ring-in-temples-across-maharashtra/story-YYcaRl2vQ7rlULOu1oztzI.html \|access-date=23 December 2020 \|work=Hindustan Times \|issue=24 December 2018 \|publisher=HT Media Limited \|date=~~2022~~}}</ref>		The [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese]] had colonised several regions of India's west coast. They violated an agreement to give the Marathas a site on [[Salsette Island]] for a factory, and were intolerant of Hindus in their territory. In March 1737, the Peshwa dispatched a Maratha force (led by Chimaji) against them. Although the Marathas captured [[Ghodbunder Fort]] and nearly all of [[Vasai]] in the [[Battle of Vasai]] and gained control of Salsette on 16 May 1739 after a long siege, [[Nader Shah's invasion of India]] then diverted their attention from the Portuguese.<ref name="GSC_2005"/> The war trophies from Vasai included several Church bells which are found in many prominent Hindu temples in Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Lopez \|first1=Rachel \|title=Why bells from Portuguese-era churches ring in temples across Maharashtra \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/why-bells-from-portuguese-era-churches-ring-in-temples-across-maharashtra/story-YYcaRl2vQ7rlULOu1oztzI.html \|access-date=23 December 2020 \|work=Hindustan Times \|issue=24 December 2018 \|publisher=HT Media Limited \|date=2018}}</ref>

	==Battle tactics and character==		==Battle tactics and character==
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	*''[[Rau (novel)\|Rau]]'', a 1972 fictional [[Marathi language\|Marathi]] [[novel]] by [[Nagnath S. Inamdar]], featured a love story of Baji Rao I and Mastani.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ\|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani\|last=Inamdar\|first=N. S.\|date=20 October 2016\|publisher=Pan Macmillan\|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7\|language=en}}</ref>		*''[[Rau (novel)\|Rau]]'', a 1972 fictional [[Marathi language\|Marathi]] [[novel]] by [[Nagnath S. Inamdar]], featured a love story of Baji Rao I and Mastani.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ\|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani\|last=Inamdar\|first=N. S.\|date=20 October 2016\|publisher=Pan Macmillan\|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7\|language=en}}</ref>
	* ''Mastani'', 1955 film directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred [[Nigar Sultana (actress)\|Nigar Sultana]], Manher Desai, [[Shahu Modak]] and [[Agha (actor)\|Agha]].<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha\|author2=Paul Willemen\|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT278\|date=10 July 2014\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9\|page=278}}</ref>		* ''Mastani'', 1955 film directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred [[Nigar Sultana (actress)\|Nigar Sultana]], Manher Desai, [[Shahu Modak]] and [[Agha (actor)\|Agha]].<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha\|author2=Paul Willemen\|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT278\|date=10 July 2014\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9\|page=278}}</ref>
	*The 2015 historical drama film ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'', directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], starred [[Ranveer Singh]] as Baji Rao I.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Jha\|first=Subhash K\|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html\|publisher=[[Firstpost]]\|date=19 October 2015\|access-date=19 October ~~2022~~}}</ref>		*The 2015 historical drama film ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'', directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], starred [[Ranveer Singh]] as Baji Rao I.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Jha\|first=Subhash K\|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html\|publisher=[[Firstpost]]\|date=19 October 2015\|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref>
	* ''Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani'', another Indian TV series broadcast on [[ETV Marathi]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Chari \|first1=Mridula \|title=Historians know very little about Mastani—or her relationship with Bajirao \|url=https://qz.com/india/575194/historians-know-very-little-about-mastani-or-her-relationship-with-bajirao/ \|website=[[Quartz India]] \|language=en \|date=16 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		* ''Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani'', another Indian TV series broadcast on [[ETV Marathi]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Chari \|first1=Mridula \|title=Historians know very little about Mastani—or her relationship with Bajirao \|url=https://qz.com/india/575194/historians-know-very-little-about-mastani-or-her-relationship-with-bajirao/ \|website=[[Quartz India]] \|language=en \|date=16 December 2015}}</ref>
	* ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)\|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', a 2017 TV series starring Rudra Soni as young Baji Rao and [[Karan Suchak]] as the adult Baji Rao, aired on [[Sony TV]].<ref>{{citation \|title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html \|work=[[India Today]] \|date=25 January 2017 }}</ref>		* ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)\|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', a 2017 TV series starring Rudra Soni as young Baji Rao and [[Karan Suchak]] as the adult Baji Rao, aired on [[Sony TV]].<ref>{{citation \|title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html \|work=[[India Today]] \|date=25 January 2017 }}</ref>

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2022-12-24T04:34:23Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 24 December 2022
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	{{Short description\|Prime minister of the Maratha Empire (reigned 1720–40)}}		{{Short description\|Prime minister of the Maratha Empire (reigned 1720–40)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=March ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2017}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific_prefix =		\| honorific_prefix =
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	'''Baji Rao I''' (18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740), born as '''Visaji''',<ref name="GSC_2005">{{cite book \|last=Chhabra \|first=G. S. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC \|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India (Volume 1: 1707–1813) \|publisher=Lotus Press \|year=2005 \|edition=Revised \|orig-year=1971 \|isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 \|page=19}}</ref> also known as '''Bajirao Ballal''' (Pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi\|[bad͡ʒiɾaːʋ bəlːaːɭ]]]), <ref>{{cite book \|first=Sandhya \|last=Gokhale \|title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ \|year=2008 \|publisher=Shubhi \|isbn=978-81-8290-132-2 \|page=82 }}</ref> was the 7th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]. During his 20-year tenure as a Peshwa, he defeated [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I\|Nizam-ul-Mulk]] at several battles like the [[Battle of Delhi (1737)\|Battle of Delhi]] and [[Battle of Bhopal]]. Baji Rao's contributed for Maratha supremacy in [[South India\|southern India]] and [[North India\|northern India]]. Thus, he was partly responsible for establishing Maratha power in [[Gujarat]], [[Malwa]], [[Rajputana]] and [[Bundelkhand]] and liberating [[Konkan]] (western coast of [[India]]) from the [[Janjira State\|Siddis of Janjira]] and [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese rule]].		'''Baji Rao I''' (18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740), born as '''Visaji''',<ref name="GSC_2005">{{cite book \|last=Chhabra \|first=G. S. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC \|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India (Volume 1: 1707–1813) \|publisher=Lotus Press \|year=2005 \|edition=Revised \|orig-year=1971 \|isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 \|page=19}}</ref> also known as '''Bajirao Ballal''' (Pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi\|[bad͡ʒiɾaːʋ bəlːaːɭ]]]), <ref>{{cite book \|first=Sandhya \|last=Gokhale \|title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ \|year=2008 \|publisher=Shubhi \|isbn=978-81-8290-132-2 \|page=82 }}</ref> was the 7th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]. During his 20-year tenure as a Peshwa, he defeated [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I\|Nizam-ul-Mulk]] at several battles like the [[Battle of Delhi (1737)\|Battle of Delhi]] and [[Battle of Bhopal]]. Baji Rao's contributed for Maratha supremacy in [[South India\|southern India]] and [[North India\|northern India]]. Thus, he was partly responsible for establishing Maratha power in [[Gujarat]], [[Malwa]], [[Rajputana]] and [[Bundelkhand]] and liberating [[Konkan]] (western coast of [[India]]) from the [[Janjira State\|Siddis of Janjira]] and [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese rule]].

	Baji Rao's relationship with his Muslim wife, a controversial subject,<ref name=Mehta05/><ref name="GSC_2005"/> has been adapted in Indian novels and cinema.<ref>{{citation \|title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html \|work=[[India Today]] \|date=25 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Jha\|first=Subhash K\|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html\|publisher=[[Firstpost]]\|date=19 October 2015\|access-date=19 October ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ\|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani\|last=Inamdar\|first=N. S.\|date=20 October 2016\|publisher=Pan Macmillan\|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7\|language=en}}</ref>		Baji Rao's relationship with his Muslim wife, a controversial subject,<ref name=Mehta05/><ref name="GSC_2005"/> has been adapted in Indian novels and cinema.<ref>{{citation \|title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html \|work=[[India Today]] \|date=25 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Jha\|first=Subhash K\|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html\|publisher=[[Firstpost]]\|date=19 October 2015\|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ\|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani\|last=Inamdar\|first=N. S.\|date=20 October 2016\|publisher=Pan Macmillan\|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
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	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	Baji Rao's first wife was [[Kashibai]], the daughter of Mahadji Krishna Joshi and Bhawanibai of [[Chas, Khed\|Chas]] (a wealthy banking family).<ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ&q=kashibai \| title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 \| publisher=Sandhya Gokhale \| first=Sandhya \| last=Gokhale \| year=2008 \| page=82 \| isbn=9788182901322}}</ref> Baji Rao always treated his wife Kashibai with love and respect.<ref name="Mishra" /> Their relationship was a happy one.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Mehta \|first=Jaswant Lal \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC \|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707 – 1813 \|year=2005 \|publisher=New Dawn Press \|location=New Delhi \|isbn=9781932705546 \|page=124}}</ref><ref name="Mishra">{{cite news\|last1=Mishra\|first1=Garima\|title=Tracing Kashibai: The 'first' lady from Bhansali's Bajirao Mastani\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/kashibai-the-first-lady/\|access-date=30 July 2017\|work=The Indian Express\|date=3 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> They had four sons [[Balaji Baji Rao]] (also called Nanasaheb), Ramchandra Rao, [[Raghunath Rao]] and Janardhan Rao, who died at an early age.<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWbaAAAAMAAJ \|title=Begams, concubines, and memsahibs \|first=B. P. \|last=Saha \|publisher=Vikas \|year=1997 \|page=88 \|isbn=9788125902850 }}</ref> Nanasaheb was appointed Peshwa by Shahu Maharaj in 1740, succeeding his father.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Sardesai \|first=Govind Sakharam \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142/ \|title=New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707–1772 \|date=1946 \|publisher=Phoenix Publications \|page=189}}</ref>		Baji Rao's first wife was [[Kashibai]], the daughter of Mahadji Krishna Joshi and Bhawanibai of [[Chas, Khed\|Chas]] (a wealthy banking family).<ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ&q=kashibai \| title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 \| publisher=Sandhya Gokhale \| first=Sandhya \| last=Gokhale \| year=2008 \| page=82 \| isbn=9788182901322}}</ref> Baji Rao always treated his wife Kashibai with love and respect.<ref name="Mishra" /> Their relationship was a happy one.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Mehta \|first=Jaswant Lal \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC \|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707 – 1813 \|year=2005 \|publisher=New Dawn Press \|location=New Delhi \|isbn=9781932705546 \|page=124}}</ref><ref name="Mishra">{{cite news\|last1=Mishra\|first1=Garima\|title=Tracing Kashibai: The 'first' lady from Bhansali's Bajirao Mastani\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/kashibai-the-first-lady/\|access-date=30 July 2017\|work=The Indian Express\|date=3 January 2016}}</ref> They had four sons [[Balaji Baji Rao]] (also called Nanasaheb), Ramchandra Rao, [[Raghunath Rao]] and Janardhan Rao, who died at an early age.<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWbaAAAAMAAJ \|title=Begams, concubines, and memsahibs \|first=B. P. \|last=Saha \|publisher=Vikas \|year=1997 \|page=88 \|isbn=9788125902850 }}</ref> Nanasaheb was appointed Peshwa by Shahu Maharaj in 1740, succeeding his father.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Sardesai \|first=Govind Sakharam \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142/ \|title=New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707–1772 \|date=1946 \|publisher=Phoenix Publications \|page=189}}</ref>

	Baji Rao took Mastani as his wife, the daughter of [[Rajput]] king [[Chhatrasal]], born from his [[Islam\|Muslim]] concubine.<ref>{{Cite book\|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC\|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813\|date=1 January 2005\|page=108\|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd\|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6\|language=en\|quote=Of his own sweet will The Rajput king bestowed a large number of Personal Jagir to Bajirao near Jhansi and further offered his daughter Mastani born from his Muslim Concubine}}</ref> The relationship was a political one, arranged to please Chhatrasal.<ref name=Mehta05/> Mastani had a son, [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)\|Krishna Rao]], in 1734. Since his mother was Muslim, the Hindu priests refused to conduct [[upanayana]] ceremony and he became known as Shamsher Bahadur.<ref name="GSC_2005"/> After the deaths of Baji Rao and Mastani in 1740, Kashibai raised six-year-old Shamsher Bahadur as her own. Shamsher received a portion of his father's dominion of Banda and [[Kalpi]]. In 1761, he and his army fought alongside the Peshwa in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] between the Marathas and the [[Pashtuns\|Afghans]]. Wounded in the battle, Shamsher died several days later in [[Deeg]].<ref>{{cite book \|first=Henry \|last=Dodwell \|title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA407 \|year=1937 \|publisher=CUP Archive \|page=407\|id=GGKEY:96PECZLGTT6}}</ref><ref name="Chid_1951">{{cite book \|first=Chidambaram S. \|last=Srinivasachari \|title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ \|year=1951 \|publisher=University of Madras \|page=219 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|first1=Rosemary \|last1=Crill \|first2=Kapil \|last2=Jariwala \|title=The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC&pg=PA162 \|year=2010 \|publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89995-37-9 \|page=162 }}</ref>		Baji Rao took Mastani as his wife, the daughter of [[Rajput]] king [[Chhatrasal]], born from his [[Islam\|Muslim]] concubine.<ref>{{Cite book\|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC\|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813\|date=1 January 2005\|page=108\|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd\|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6\|language=en\|quote=Of his own sweet will The Rajput king bestowed a large number of Personal Jagir to Bajirao near Jhansi and further offered his daughter Mastani born from his Muslim Concubine}}</ref> The relationship was a political one, arranged to please Chhatrasal.<ref name=Mehta05/> Mastani had a son, [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)\|Krishna Rao]], in 1734. Since his mother was Muslim, the Hindu priests refused to conduct [[upanayana]] ceremony and he became known as Shamsher Bahadur.<ref name="GSC_2005"/> After the deaths of Baji Rao and Mastani in 1740, Kashibai raised six-year-old Shamsher Bahadur as her own. Shamsher received a portion of his father's dominion of Banda and [[Kalpi]]. In 1761, he and his army fought alongside the Peshwa in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] between the Marathas and the [[Pashtuns\|Afghans]]. Wounded in the battle, Shamsher died several days later in [[Deeg]].<ref>{{cite book \|first=Henry \|last=Dodwell \|title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA407 \|year=1937 \|publisher=CUP Archive \|page=407\|id=GGKEY:96PECZLGTT6}}</ref><ref name="Chid_1951">{{cite book \|first=Chidambaram S. \|last=Srinivasachari \|title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ \|year=1951 \|publisher=University of Madras \|page=219 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|first1=Rosemary \|last1=Crill \|first2=Kapil \|last2=Jariwala \|title=The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC&pg=PA162 \|year=2010 \|publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89995-37-9 \|page=162 }}</ref>
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	=== {{anchor\|Portuguese}}The Portuguese ===		=== {{anchor\|Portuguese}}The Portuguese ===

	The [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese]] had colonised several regions of India's west coast. They violated an agreement to give the Marathas a site on [[Salsette Island]] for a factory, and were intolerant of Hindus in their territory. In March 1737, the Peshwa dispatched a Maratha force (led by Chimaji) against them. Although the Marathas captured [[Ghodbunder Fort]] and nearly all of [[Vasai]] in the [[Battle of Vasai]] and gained control of Salsette on 16 May 1739 after a long siege, [[Nader Shah's invasion of India]] then diverted their attention from the Portuguese.<ref name="GSC_2005"/> The war trophies from Vasai included several Church bells which are found in many prominent Hindu temples in Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Lopez \|first1=Rachel \|title=Why bells from Portuguese-era churches ring in temples across Maharashtra \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/why-bells-from-portuguese-era-churches-ring-in-temples-across-maharashtra/story-YYcaRl2vQ7rlULOu1oztzI.html \|access-date=23 December 2020 \|work=Hindustan Times \|issue=24 December 2018 \|publisher=HT Media Limited \|date=~~2022~~}}</ref>		The [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese]] had colonised several regions of India's west coast. They violated an agreement to give the Marathas a site on [[Salsette Island]] for a factory, and were intolerant of Hindus in their territory. In March 1737, the Peshwa dispatched a Maratha force (led by Chimaji) against them. Although the Marathas captured [[Ghodbunder Fort]] and nearly all of [[Vasai]] in the [[Battle of Vasai]] and gained control of Salsette on 16 May 1739 after a long siege, [[Nader Shah's invasion of India]] then diverted their attention from the Portuguese.<ref name="GSC_2005"/> The war trophies from Vasai included several Church bells which are found in many prominent Hindu temples in Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Lopez \|first1=Rachel \|title=Why bells from Portuguese-era churches ring in temples across Maharashtra \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/why-bells-from-portuguese-era-churches-ring-in-temples-across-maharashtra/story-YYcaRl2vQ7rlULOu1oztzI.html \|access-date=23 December 2020 \|work=Hindustan Times \|issue=24 December 2018 \|publisher=HT Media Limited \|date=2018}}</ref>

	==Battle tactics and character==		==Battle tactics and character==
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	*''[[Rau (novel)\|Rau]]'', a 1972 fictional [[Marathi language\|Marathi]] [[novel]] by [[Nagnath S. Inamdar]], featured a love story of Baji Rao I and Mastani.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ\|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani\|last=Inamdar\|first=N. S.\|date=20 October 2016\|publisher=Pan Macmillan\|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7\|language=en}}</ref>		*''[[Rau (novel)\|Rau]]'', a 1972 fictional [[Marathi language\|Marathi]] [[novel]] by [[Nagnath S. Inamdar]], featured a love story of Baji Rao I and Mastani.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ\|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani\|last=Inamdar\|first=N. S.\|date=20 October 2016\|publisher=Pan Macmillan\|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7\|language=en}}</ref>
	* ''Mastani'', 1955 film directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred [[Nigar Sultana (actress)\|Nigar Sultana]], Manher Desai, [[Shahu Modak]] and [[Agha (actor)\|Agha]].<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha\|author2=Paul Willemen\|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT278\|date=10 July 2014\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9\|page=278}}</ref>		* ''Mastani'', 1955 film directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred [[Nigar Sultana (actress)\|Nigar Sultana]], Manher Desai, [[Shahu Modak]] and [[Agha (actor)\|Agha]].<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha\|author2=Paul Willemen\|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT278\|date=10 July 2014\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9\|page=278}}</ref>
	*The 2015 historical drama film ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'', directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], starred [[Ranveer Singh]] as Baji Rao I.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Jha\|first=Subhash K\|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html\|publisher=[[Firstpost]]\|date=19 October 2015\|access-date=19 October ~~2022~~}}</ref>		*The 2015 historical drama film ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'', directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], starred [[Ranveer Singh]] as Baji Rao I.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Jha\|first=Subhash K\|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015\|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html\|publisher=[[Firstpost]]\|date=19 October 2015\|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref>
	* ''Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani'', another Indian TV series broadcast on [[ETV Marathi]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Chari \|first1=Mridula \|title=Historians know very little about Mastani—or her relationship with Bajirao \|url=https://qz.com/india/575194/historians-know-very-little-about-mastani-or-her-relationship-with-bajirao/ \|website=[[Quartz India]] \|language=en \|date=16 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		* ''Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani'', another Indian TV series broadcast on [[ETV Marathi]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Chari \|first1=Mridula \|title=Historians know very little about Mastani—or her relationship with Bajirao \|url=https://qz.com/india/575194/historians-know-very-little-about-mastani-or-her-relationship-with-bajirao/ \|website=[[Quartz India]] \|language=en \|date=16 December 2015}}</ref>
	* ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)\|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', a 2017 TV series starring Rudra Soni as young Baji Rao and [[Karan Suchak]] as the adult Baji Rao, aired on [[Sony TV]].<ref>{{citation \|title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html \|work=[[India Today]] \|date=25 January 2017 }}</ref>		* ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)\|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', a 2017 TV series starring Rudra Soni as young Baji Rao and [[Karan Suchak]] as the adult Baji Rao, aired on [[Sony TV]].<ref>{{citation \|title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama \|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html \|work=[[India Today]] \|date=25 January 2017 }}</ref>

Baji Rao I - Revision history

AidanHeim7993963: fixed article to improve readability and fixed typos

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