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{{Infobox film
| name = Baiju Bawra
| image = Baiju Bawra, 1952 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vijay Bhatt]]
| producer = [[Vijay Bhatt]]<br>Shankar Bhatt
| writer = [[Zia Sarhadi]]
| screenplay = R. S. Choudhury
| story = Ramchandra Thakur
| starring = [[Meena Kumari]]<br />[[Bharat Bhushan Bhalla|Bharat Bhushan]]
| music = [[Naushad]]
| cinematography = [[V. N. Reddy]]
| editing = Pratap Dave
| studio = Prakash Pictures
| distributor = Prakash Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1952|10|05|df=y}}
| runtime = 155 minutes
| gross = {{INRConvert|1.25|c|year=1952}} <ref name="boi52">{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=158&catName=MTk1Mg==|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922022116/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=158&catName=MTk1Mg==|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 September 2012|title=Box Office 1952|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=22 September 2012|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
[[File:Baiju Bawara (1952).webm|thumb|x220px|''Baiju Bawra'']]
'''''Baiju Bawra''''' ({{lit|Baiju the Insane}}) is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1952|1952]] [[Hindi]] [[musical film|musical]] [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Vijay Bhatt]]. Produced by Prakash Pictures, with story by Ramchandra Thakur and dialogues by Zia Sarhadi, Baiju Bawra was a musical "megahit" which had a mighty run of 100 weeks in the theatres.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA325|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9|pages=325–|chapter=Baiju Bawra (1952)}}</ref> Bhatt's decision to make a film based on [[Hindustani classical music|classical music]] was met with scepticism by the Indian film industry due to its "lack of mass appeal", but the film and music turned out be an "overwhelming success".<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news|last1=Iyengar|first1=Krishnaraj Iyengar|title=The Classical Connection|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/vijay-bhatt-brought-pure-classical-music-and-its-practitioners-to-celluloid/article7481297.ece|access-date=9 November 2019|newspaper=The Hindu (newspaper)|date=30 July 2015|ref=Vijay Bhatt}}</ref> The film's music director was [[Naushad]], who had become popular giving folk-based music in films such as ''[[Rattan (film)|Rattan]]'', ''[[Anmol Ghadi]]'', ''[[Shahjehan]]'' (1946) and ''[[Deedar (1951 film)|Deedar]]'' (1951). With Bhatt's ''Baiju Bawra'', Naushad introduced a classical component in Hindi film songs.<ref name="Anantharaman2008">{{cite book|author=Ganesh Anantharaman|title=Bollywood Melodies: A History of the Hindi Film Song|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmrSLuBwbKkC&pg=PA247|date=January 2008|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306340-7|page=31|chapter=Part I-First Generation Composers-The Pioneers-Naushad Ali}}</ref> The soundtrack was based on classical [[raga]]s such as Puriya Dhanashree, Todi, Malkauns, Darbari and Desi.<ref name="GokulsingDissanayake2013">{{cite book|author1=K. Moti Gokulsing|author2=Wimal Dissanayake|title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA260|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-77284-9|pages=260–|chapter=Music in mainstream Indian cinema by Premendra Mazumder}}</ref> The lyricist was [[Shakeel Badayuni]], a Naushad discovery. For ''Baiju Bawra'', he had to forgo Urdu, and write lyrics in pure Hindi, with songs such as the [[bhajan]] "Man Tadpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj", becoming popular.<ref name="Anantharaman2008, p. 111">Anantharaman2008, p. 111</ref>

The film starred [[Bharat Bhushan Bhalla|Bharat Bhushan]] as [[Baiju Bawra|Baiju]], with [[Meena Kumari]] playing his love interest Gauri. Meena made her acting debut in Bhatt's ''[[Leatherface (1939 film)|Leatherface]]'' (1939) as a seven-year-old. [[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]] portrayed [[Tansen]], one of the [[Navaratnas#In the court of Akbar|Navratnas]] in Akbar's court. [[Kuldip Kaur]] played the role of the dacoit queen [[Roopmati]].<ref name=Open>{{cite web|last1=Ayaz|first1=Shaikh|title=Sixty Years of Baiju Bawra|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/cinema/sixty-years-of-baiju-bawra|website=openthemagazine.com|publisher=Open Media Network Pvt. Ltd|access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref> The rest of the cast included Bipin Gupta, Manmohan Krishna, B. V. Vyas and Baby Tabassum.

The film merges the legend of [[Baiju Bawra]] with the historic setting of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Akbar]]'s court in India.<ref name="Chakravarty2011">{{cite book|author=Sumita S. Chakravarty|title=National Identity in Indian Popular Cinema, 1947–1987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8T0uwJtMxkC&pg=PA168|year=2011|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-78985-2|page=168}}</ref> Baiju (Bhushan) is the son of a musician who also grows up to be a musician. He comes to believe that Tansen, the famed musician at the court of Akbar, is responsible for his father's death. The movie then follows Baiju's attempt to avenge his father's death by challenging Tansen to a musical duel.

Even though there were many changes in the storyline from the original life of Baiju Bawra, the film was both a commercial and critical success and catapulted both its lead actors into stardom. Meena Kumari became the first-ever [[Filmfare Best Actress Award]] winner in 1954, the first of four Best Actress trophies she won in her career.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main37.asp?filename=Ws010308Romancing.asp |title=Romancing The Reel |access-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213212520/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main37.asp?filename=Ws010308Romancing.asp |archive-date=13 February 2012 }}</ref> The film's music director, [[Naushad]], also received the inaugural [[Filmfare Best Music Director Award]] for the song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"; this was Naushad's first and only Filmfare Award win.

It was ranked '''#13''' in the list of '''''20 greatest Indian films''''' by [[British Film Institute|BFI]] in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-20|title=BFI {{!}} Features {{!}} South Asian Cinema {{!}} A Guide to South Asian Cinema {{!}} 50 essential South Asian films {{!}} Top 10 Indian Films|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120160633/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india|access-date=2021-04-12|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>

==Plot==

Tansen is known to be the greatest [[Indian classical music|classical vocalist]] ever to have existed in India, and was one of the nine jewels ([[Navaratnas]]) of Emperor Akbar's court. Nobody could sing in the city unless he or she could sing better than Tansen. If this was not the case, he or she was executed. ''Baiju Bawra'' is the story of an unknown singer, Baiju, who is on a mission to defeat Tansen in a musical duel to avenge the death of his father.

When Baiju is still a child, Tansen's sentry tries to stop Baiju's father from singing, and in the ensuing scuffle, his father dies. Before dying, he extracts a promise from his son to take revenge against Tansen. Baiju gets shelter from a village priest and while growing up, falls in love with Gauri, the daughter of a boatman. He continues his musical education on his own, but gets so enamoured by Gauri's love that he forgets the promise made to his father.

Later, a group of [[dacoits]] raid Baiju's village. With his song, Baiju persuades them against looting the village, but the female leader of the dacoits falls in love with him and asks him to follow them to their fort as a condition for their sparing the village. Baiju leaves with her, leaving the wailing Gauri behind. In the fort, the dacoit leader, who is actually a princess living in exile, tells Baiju how her father's serfdom had been usurped and she was seeking revenge because the village too previously belonged to her father. The word "revenge" brings all of Baiju's memories back; he leaves the fort greatly agitated, and the princess does not try to stop him.

Baiju sneaks into the Mughal palace, where Tansen is singing. He is dumbstruck by the way Tansen sings, and the sword that was supposed to cut the maestro's throat fell on the [[tanpura]], saddening Tansen. He said he could only be killed by music, and the pain that accompanies it. "Dip your notes in melancholy and I'll die on my own," he said. Baiju accordingly leaves the palace to learn "real" music.

Baiju remembers that when his father was killed, he was taking Baiju to [[Swami Haridas]]. He goes to see the Swami himself and asks for his guidance, informing him of his plan to take revenge against Tansen. Haridas tells Baiju that one must be in love to be a true musician, and thus Baiju must rid himself of all the hatred in his heart, but still gives him a [[veena]] and accepts him as his disciple. Baiju again starts his musical training, spending all his time in a [[Shiva]] temple, but his vengeful feelings never leave him. Nonetheless, he still reveres his [[guru]], Haridas. After learning that his teacher had fallen seriously ill and was unable to walk, Baiju sings a song that so thrills Haridas that the master gets out of his bed and starts to walk.

Gauri, meanwhile, is so distraught over Baiju's departure that she is about to swallow poison. At that point, the princess who had taken Baiju from the village comes to her and tells her that she knows of Baiju's whereabouts. Gauri meets Baiju and tries to convince him to return to the village so they can be married; Baiju, however, refuses, as he feels he must take revenge against Tansen. At this point, Haridas arrives, and Baiju goes to receive him, once again leaving a crying Gauri behind. Haridas tells Baiju that to be a true singer, he has to feel real pain. Hearing this, Gauri decides to make a [[venomous]] snake bite her, thinking that her death would bring enough grief to Baiju that he would defeat Tansen. Baiju sees Gauri's lifeless body and goes mad, with the princess' attempts to get through to him being futile. Baiju instead goes to the Shiva temple and sings a heart-wrenching song condemning the God who had consigned him to his fate; even the idol of Lord Shiva sheds tears at Baiju's grief.

In his delirious state, Baiju reaches Tansen's city, singing the whole way. The residents fear for his life and call him ''bawra'' (insane), hence the title of the movie. Baiju is caught and imprisoned, but the princess frees him. However, both of them are caught by Mughal soldiers when escaping, leaving a musical duel with Tansen as the only way to save his life.

Emperor Akbar himself witnesses the competition. For a long time, both the singers prove to be equally good. Then Akbar suggests that whoever could melt a marble slab with his singing would win the duel. Baiju manages to do so and wins the competition, saving his own life and finally avenging his father's death. Tansen accepts his defeat graciously, and is in fact happy that there is someone better than him. Baiju persuades Akbar to spare Tansen's life, to return the princess' land to her, and to allow music in the streets.

After winning the musical duel, Baiju departs from the court. Emperor Akbar is unhappy to see him go and asks Tansen to sing to produce a storm and floods to make him stay. Tansen sings raga Megh and the river Yamuna floods. (This scene was cut from the final film.)

Meanwhile, Gauri is alive but her father is deeply upset. The entire village makes fun of Gauri's and Baiju's love affair. Her father warns her that either Baiju should be found, or Gauri should marry a village moneylender, and in case she refuses, he would commit suicide. Gauri, unwilling to divulge Baiju's whereabouts, agrees to marry the money-lender.

Discovering that she is still alive, Baiju goes to meet Gauri. On the other side of a swollen Yamuna River, Baiju is stuck. The boatmen refuse to take him to the other side. Despite not knowing how to swim, Baiju pushes the boat into the raging waters and starts rowing it. He starts singing and Gauri hears it. She starts running towards the bank. When she sees Baiju struggling with the boat, she jumps into the water to rescue Baiju. The boat topples over and after a lot of struggle Gauri manages to reach him. He urges her to go back and leave him, but Gauri replies that they had promised to be together in life and in death, and she would be content in dying with him. They both drown as the film comes to an end.

==Cast==

{{Col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-break|width=25%}}
* [[Meena Kumari]] as Gauri
* [[Bharat Bhushan Bhalla|Bharat Bhushan]] as [[Baiju Bawra|Baiju]]
* [[Kuldip Kaur]] as [[Roopmati]]
* [[Bipin Gupta]] as [[Akbar]]
* [[Manmohan Krishna]] as Shankaranand
* [[B. M. Vyas]] as Mohan
{{col-break|width=25%}}
* Mishra as Narpat
* Radha Kishan as Ghasitkhan
* Kesari as Ganjoo
* [[Rattan Kumar|Ratan Kumar]] as Young Baiju
* [[Tabassum|Baby Tabassum]] as Young Gauri
* Rai Mohan as [[Swami Haridas]]
{{col-break|width=25%}}
* Bhagwanji as Baiju's Father
* Nadir as Hathi Singh
* Ramesh as Suhil Khan
* Krishna Kumari as Vasanti
* [[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]] as [[Tansen]]
* Sitaram, Tikaram, Athavale
{{Col-end}}

==Production==

===Story and location===
Vijay Bhatt had earlier made religious classics such as ''[[Bharat Milap]]'' (1942) and ''[[Ram Rajya]]'' (1943), with ''Ram Rajya'' being the only film Mahatma Gandhi watched.<ref name="Bakker2009">{{cite book|author=Freek L. Bakker|title=The Challenge of the Silver Screen: An Analysis of the Cinematic Portraits of Jesus, Rama, Buddha and Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4KNSp-uEO18C&pg=PA96|access-date=17 September 2015|year=2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-16861-9|page=96}}</ref> Bhatt's interest in literature and music compelled him to make a film about Tansen and the folk-legend singer Baiju Bawra as the main focus. A revenge theme was brought in with a love story and some comic interludes. Emphasis was also laid on the [[Guru-shishya tradition]] concentrating on the bond between Baiju and his Guru [[Swami Haridas]], who was also Tansen's Guru.<ref name=Open />

Bhatt's decision to make a film based on Indian classical music was met with scepticism by the film industry due to its "lack of mass appeal", with his friends referring to him as "Viju Bawra" (Viju Crazy/Insane). Vijay Bhatt was the first to use two "classical giants on a common platform for path-breaking duets" twice. [[Ustad Amir Khan]] with Pandit [[D. V. Paluskar]] in ''Baiju Bawra'' and [[shehnai]] maestro [[Ustad Bismillah Khan]] and the innovative sitar player [[Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan]] in Goonj Uthi Shehnai.<ref name=TheHindu />

The film was shot at Prakash Pictures studio at [[Andheri East]] in Bombay. According to Ayaz, nobody working on the sets "felt that they were working on a film that would become a milestone". The song sequence of "Tu Ganga ki Mauj" was shot at a river in [[Dahisar]], near Bombay. The film took a year for completion.<ref name=Open />

===Casting===
The original choice for the cast were [[Dilip Kumar]] as Baiju and [[Nargis]] as Gauri. Bhatt's option for Bharat Bhushan and Meena Kumari in the main roles was a matter of financial deliberation and continuity of dates required for the shooting.<ref name=Open />

[[Meena Kumari]], earlier called Mahjabeen Bano, started her acting career at the age of four in Vijay Bhatt's film ''[[Leatherface (1939 film)|Leatherface]]'' (1939). Her name was changed by Bhatt to Baby Meena in 1940.<ref name=Tehelka>{{cite web|last1=Ausaja |first1=S M M |title=Romancing The Reel |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main37.asp?filename=Ws010308Romancing.asp |website=archive.tehelka.com |publisher=Anant Media Pvt. Ltd. Tehelka.com |access-date=17 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204132116/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main37.asp?filename=Ws010308Romancing.asp |archive-date=4 December 2014 }}</ref> She acted in several films as a child star including Bhatt's [[Ek Hi Bhool (1940 film)|''Ek Hi Bhool'']] (1940). Meena Kumari's first adult role was in ''[[Bachchon Ka Khel]]'' (Child's Play) (1946) directed by Raja Nene. [[Filmindia]] in the June 1946 issue, commented on her appearance "Meena Kumari, up till recently a 'baby,' now plays the charming heroine of the story".<ref name=Filmindia>{{cite journal|last1=Baburao|first1=Patel|title=Pictures in the Making|journal=Filmindia|date=June 1946|volume=12|issue=6|pages=70|url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia194814unse#page/n469/mode/2up/search/Nene|access-date=17 September 2015}}</ref> Several socials, mythologicals and fantasy films followed. In 1952, Meena Kumari "shot into stardom" following the release of ''Baiju Bawra''.<ref name="Srivastava2006">{{cite book|author=Gouri Srivastava|title=Women Role Models: Some Eminent Women of Contemporary India|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kfs4Cns3nJIC&pg=PA63|year=2006|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-336-6|pages=63–|chapter=Meena Kumari}}</ref> Kumari became the inaugural best actress winner at Filmfare Award for the film. The category for Best Actress was introduced by the Filmfare Awards Committee for the first time that year.<ref name=VijayBhatt>{{cite web|last1=Pathak|first1=Pauravi Bhatt|title=Vijay Bhatt The Man The Legend|url=http://www.vijaybhatt.net/spotlight.html|website=vijaybhatt.net|publisher=Pauravi Bhatt Pathak|access-date=17 September 2015|ref=Spotlight}}</ref>
[[File: Bharat Bhushan in Baiju Bawra.jpg|thumb|[[Bharat Bhushan]] in the film]]
[[Bharat Bhushan Bhalla|Bharat Bhushan]] began his career in [[Kidar Sharma]]'s film ''[[Chitralekha (1941 film)|Chitralekha]]'' (1941) made in Calcutta. After some supporting roles, he was cast in ''Sohag Raat'' (1948) opposite [[Geeta Bali]] and [[Begum Para]], and in [[Devendra Goel]]'s ''Aankhen'' (1950). His career as a tragic hero ran parallel with that of Dilip Kumar in the 1950s, but he lacked the "intensity and charisma" of Kumar.<ref name="Raj2009">{{cite book|author=Ashok Raj|title=Hero Vol.1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT224|year=2009|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-02-9|page=224}}</ref> However, his "mellow looks matched by a soft voice" had the compassion required to depict sympathetic roles, with his specialty being a "sensitive, suffering poet-musician" in several hit musicals such as ''Baiju Bawra'', ''[[Mirza Ghalib (film)|Mirza Ghalib]]'' (1954), ''[[Basant Bahar (film)|Basant Bahar]]'' (1956), ''[[Barsaat Ki Raat]]'' (1960) and ''[[Sangeet Samrat Tansen]]'' (1962).<ref name="GulazāraChatterjee2003">{{cite book|author1=Gulazāra|author2=Saibal Chatterjee|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT557|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5|page=533|chapter=Bharat Bhushan}}</ref> Signed by Bhatt for ''Baiju Bawra'', his "unruly mop and simple demeanour" established him as a star and "crystallised Bhushan's image as an actor of 'note'". The pathos required of his role was acclaimed by critics as well as audiences, as were the singing sequences of classical raga-based songs in Mohammad Rafi's voice.<ref name=rediff>{{cite web|last1=Dinesh|first1=Dinesh|title=Bharat Bhushan, The tragic hero|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2003/apr/22dinesh.htm|work=rediff.com|access-date=19 September 2015}}</ref> Bhatt and Bhushan worked again the following year in ''[[Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (film)|Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]'' (1953), for which Bhushan received the Filmfare Best Actor Award.<ref name="GulazāraChatterjee2003" />

[[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], a popular leading actor of the 1930s and 1940s, turned to character roles in the 50s. The character of Tansen in ''Baiju Bawra'' was a career-reviving role for him.<ref name="Rishi2012">{{cite book|author=Tilak Rishi|title=Bless You Bollywood!: A Tribute to Hindi Cinema on Completing 100 Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r623sWyGm0sC&pg=PA37|year=2012|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=978-1-4669-3963-9|page=37}}</ref> One of the "greatest" highlights of the film was the music-singing competition ([[jugalbandi]]) between the court musician Tansen and Baiju.<ref name="Dwyer2005">{{cite book|author=Rachel Dwyer|title=100 Bollywood Films|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tk5gBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT35|year=2005|publisher=Roli Books Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7436-990-1|page=35}}</ref> Surendra had sung his own songs in his early career, however, he had to lip-sync to [[Ustad Amir Khan]] for the song "Ghanana Ghanana Kar Barso Re" in [[raga Malhar]], while the song sequence between Tansen and Baiju had Ustad Amir Khan and [[D. V. Paluskar]] providing playback singing for them.<ref name="GokulsingDissanayake2013"/> He played the role of Tansen in three films, ''Baiju Bawra'', ''Rani Roopmati'' (1957) and ''[[Mughal-E-Azam]]'' (1960).<ref name="Raj2009"/>

[[Kuldip Kaur]] was known for her negative characters and cited as [[Indian cinema]]'s "most polished vamps".<ref name=KK>{{cite book|last1=Patel|first1=Sushila Rani Baburao|title=Stars of the Indian Screen|date=1952|publisher=Parker and Sons|location=India|pages=23|ref=Kuldip Kaur}}</ref> Starting her career with a Punjabi film ''Chaman'' (1948), she went on to portray female villain roles in several films. Her role as the "strong dacoit queen" who lures Baiju away from his village made a "major impact" and was critically acclaimed.<ref name=Bali>{{cite web|last1=Bali|first1=Karan|title=Kuldip Kaur|url=http://upperstall.com/profile/kuldip-kaur/|website=upperstall.com|publisher=The Rest|access-date=19 September 2015}}</ref>

===Music===
[[Naushad]] had come into prominence following his fourth film ''Station Master'' (1942), a Bhatt film production. The box office success of ''Station Master'' helped Naushad showcase his talent and become popular. Naushad at this time was under contract to [[A. R. Kardar]], who had allowed him to score music for other companies.<ref name="Bharatan2013">{{cite book|author=Raju Bharatan|title=Naushadnama: The Life and Music of Naushad|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg09BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT116|year=2013|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-63-0|page=24|chapter=The First Footfalls of Musical Stardom}}</ref>

Bhatt brought in Naushad to give music for ''Baiju Bawra'' because of his expertise in classical music. The two worked together along with Bhatt's older brother Shankar for six months. Shankar was "opposed" to the idea of a Hindi film filled with ragas as he feared it would drive the audiences away. But Naushad and Bhatt were adamant to change "public taste" in film music and in Naushad's words "it worked".<ref name=Open /> Naushad's use of classical music in Baiju Bawra helped it become one of the top ten films of the 1950s and is "remembered mostly for its music".<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/> The [[bandish]] in raga [[Desi (raga)|Desi]] between Amir Khan and D. V. Paluskar, and Khan's "Tori Jai Jai Kar" in raga [[Puriya Dhanashree]] constituted the highlights of the film. However, the solos by [[Mohammed Rafi]] "Man Tadpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj" in raga [[Malkauns]], "O Duniya Ke Rakhwale" in raga [[Darbari]], "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj" in raga [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)|Bhairavi]] and "Insaan Bano" in raga [[Todi]] are cited as "real treasures".<ref name="Anantharaman2008, p. 32">Anantharaman2008, p. 32</ref> His composition in the film is cited as the first use of the classical medium by Naushad, but he had based a large number of his songs on Indian rāgas.<ref name="Beaster-Jones2014">{{cite book|author=Jayson Beaster-Jones|title=Bollywood Sounds: The Cosmopolitan Mediations of Hindi Film Song|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=238ZBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-999348-2|pages=43–|chapter=Bollywood Sounds}}</ref> In ''[[Shahjehan]]'' (1946) he had composed three classical based tunes for [[K. L. Saigal]]. He did the same in ''[[Mela (1948 film)|Mela]]'' 1948 and ''[[Deedar (1951 film)|Deedar]]'' 1951.<ref name="Anantharaman2008, p. 32">Anantharaman2008, p. 32</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Baiju Bawra
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Naushad]]
| cover =
| released = 1952
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Aan]]
| prev_year = 1952
| year = 1952
| next_title = [[Deewana (1952 film)|Deewana]]
| next_year = 1952
}}
The plot centered around music, so it was a necessity that the movie's soundtrack be outstanding. Renowned Bollywood music director [[Naushad]] and lyricist [[Shakeel Badayuni]] created memorable songs for the movie, with all but one being based on [[Hindustani classical]] melodies ([[raga]]s). Esteemed playback singers [[Mohammad Rafi]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]], and [[Shamshad Begum]], and renowned classical vocalists [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]] and [[D. V. Paluskar]] lent their voices to the score.

Amir Khan was a consultant for the music. The result was a critically acclaimed movie soundtrack. Famous songs from the movie include "O Duniya Ke Rakhwale" (based on Raga [[Darbari]]), "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj" (based on Raga [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)|Bhairavi]]), "Mohe Bhool Gaye Sanwariya" (based on Raga [[Bhairav (raga)|Bhairav]] with traces of Raga Kalingda), "Man Tarpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj" (based on Raga [[Malkauns]]), "Aaj Gaawat Man Mero" (Raga [[Desi (raga)|Desi]]), and ''Jhoole Mein Pawan Ki Aayi Bahar'' (based on Raga [[Pilu]]). Naushad won the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director, his first and only win.

The film also established [[Mohammad Rafi]] as the top playback singer in Hindi films, a position he held until his death in 1980. The songs Rafi sang for the film, including "Man Tarpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj" and "O Duniya Ke Rakhwale", went on to become smash hits.

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics = [[Shakeel Badayuni]]
| all_music = [[Naushad]]
| writing_credits =
| lyrics_credits =
| music_credits =
| title1 = Tu Ganga Ki Mauj
| note1 = Raga [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)|Bhairavi]]
| writer1 =
| lyrics1 =
| music1 =
| extra1 = [[Mohammad Rafi]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Aaj Gaawat Man Mero Jhoomke
| note2 = Raga [[Desi (raga)|Deshi]]
| writer2 =
| lyrics2 =
| music2 =
| extra2 = [[Amir Khan (singer)|Ustad Amir Khan]], [[D. V. Paluskar]]
| length2 =
| title3 = O Duniya Ke Rakhwale
| note3 = Raga [[Darbari]]
| writer3 =
| lyrics3 =
| music3 =
| extra3 = [[Mohammad Rafi]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Door Koi Gaye
| note4 = Raga [[Desh (raga)|Desh]]
| writer4 =
| lyrics4 =
| music4 =
| extra4 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Shamshad Begum]] & chorus
| length4 =
| title5 = Mohe Bhool Gaye Sanwariya
| note5 = Raga [[Bhairav (raga)|Bhairav]] with traces of Raga Kalingda
| writer5 =
| lyrics5 =
| music5 =
| extra5 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length5 =
| title6 = Jhoole Mein Pawan Ki Aai Bahar
| note6 = Raga [[Pilu]]
| writer6 =
| lyrics6 =
| music6 =
| extra6 = [[Mohammad Rafi]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length6 =
| title7 = Man Tarpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj
| note7 = Raga [[Malkauns]]
| writer7 =
| lyrics7 =
| music7 =
| extra7 = [[Mohammad Rafi]]
| length7 =
| title8 = Bachpan Ki Mohabbat
| note8 = Based on [[Mand (singing style)|Maand]]
| writer8 =
| lyrics8 =
| music8 =
| extra8 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length8 =
| title9 = Insaan Bano
| note9 = Raga [[Todi (raga)|Todi]]
| writer9 =
| lyrics9 =
| music9 =
| extra9 = [[Mohammad Rafi]]
| length9 =
| title10 = Tori Jai Jai Kartaar
| note10 = Raga [[Puriya Dhanashree]]
| writer10 =
| lyrics10 =
| music10 =
| extra10 = [[Amir Khan (singer)|Ustad Amir Khan]]
| length10 =
| title11 = Langar Kankariya Ji Na Maro
| note11 = Raga [[Todi (raga)|Todi]]
| writer11 =
| lyrics11 =
| music11 =
| extra11 = [[Amir Khan (singer)|Ustad Amir Khan]], [[D. V. Paluskar]]
| length11 =
| title12 = Ghanana Ghanana Ghana Garjo Re
| note12 = Raga [[Megh (raga)|Megh]]
| writer12 =
| lyrics12 =
| music12 =
| extra12 = [[Amir Khan (singer)|Ustad Amir Khan]]
| length12 =
| title13 = Sargam
| note13 = Raga [[Darbari Kanada|Darbari]]
| writer13 =
| lyrics13 =
| music13 =
| extra13 = [[Amir Khan (singer)|Ustad Amir Khan]]
| length13 =
}}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Award & Category || Artist || Status || Notes
|-
| colspan="5" |
*'''[[Filmfare Awards]]''' (1954)
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || [[Meena Kumari]] || {{won}} ||(inaugural winner)
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] || [[Naushad]] || {{won}} || for song ''Tu Ganga Ki Mauj''
|-
|}

==Remake==
A remake of the film tentatively titled ''Baiju-The Gypsy'' was announced on November 2010. As per the details, it was to be written, directed and produced by American-Indian writer [[Krishna Shah]] and big names like [[Aamir Khan]] and [[A. R. Rahman]] were to come together in this film but eventually, the film was shelved.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/bollywood/exclusive-news/exclusive-sanjay-leela-bhansali-to-remake-baiju-bawra-213141/ |title=Bhansali to remake 'Baiju Bawra'? |publisher=PeepingMoon |access-date=14 February 2019}}</ref>

Narendra Hirawat of NH Studioz held the rights of the film's negative. It has been more than 60 years since Baiju Bawra was released and the rights have now lapsed. In February 2019, it was reported that filmmaker [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] is planning a remake of this film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/feb/15/18842/sanjay-leela-bhansali-planning-a-film-on-legendary-musician-baiju-bawra|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali planning a film on legendary musician Baiju Bawra?|publisher=Cinestaan |access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref> By October 2019, Bhansali announced the remake of ''Baiju Bawra'' which is now slated to release around [[Diwali]] of 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/sanjay-leela-bhansali-announces-his-next-most-ambitious-magnum-opus-project-baiju-bawra-378712.html|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali Announces His Next Most Ambitious Magnum Opus Project Baiju Bawra!|publisher=IndiaTimes |date= 27 October 2019|access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0044392|Baiju Bawra}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Vijay Bhatt}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baiju Bawra}}
[[Category:1952 films]]
[[Category:1950s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films about classical music and musicians]]
[[Category:Films set in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1950s historical musical films]]
[[Category:Indian historical musical films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vijay Bhatt]]
[[Category:Films scored by Naushad]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Tansen]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Akbar]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Baiju Bawra (film) - Revision history

>Gotitbro at 04:20, 10 May 2021