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{{Short description|Nepali Brahmins of Khas descent}}
{{Redirect|Brahmin-Hill|the tribe of the Western Ghats sometimes called Hill Brahmin|Kurichiya}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Hill Brahmin
| native_name = Bahun
| image = Gaze of a priest.JPG
| caption = A Bahun (Hill Brahmin) priest in Nepal
| region1 = {{flag|Nepal}}
| pop1 = 3,226,903 12.2% of Nepal (2011)<ref name="cbsb">{{Cite web|url=http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf|title=Nepal Census 2011|access-date=2017-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918043750/http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf|archive-date=2017-09-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| languages = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (Khas-Kura), [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]
| religions = [[Hinduism in Nepal|Hinduism]] 99.56% (2011)
| related =
}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Bahun''' ({{lang-ne|बाहुन}}) or '''Khas Brahmin'''{{sfn|John T Hitchcock|1978|pp=116-119}} ({{lang-ne|खस ब्राह्मण}}) is a [[Caste system in Nepal|caste]] ([[Varna (Hinduism)|''Varna'']]) among [[Khas people]] of [[Nepal]]. Their origins are from the [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[Khasas|Khasa tribe]] of Nepal and South Asia. According to the [[2011 Nepal census]], Bahun is the second most populous group after [[Chhetri]], another Varna within the hill Hindus in Nepal.<ref name="cbs2">{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsD/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf|title=Nepal Census 2011}}</ref>

According to 1854 ''Muluki Ain'' (Nepalese Legal Code), Bahuns were regarded as caste among [[Upanayana|sacred thread bearers]] ([[Tagadhari]]) and [[Dvija|twice-born]] Hindus.{{sfn|Sherchan|2001|p=14}}
[[File:Bratabandh(traditional_customs_done_by_brahmins)_(4).JPG|thumb|A Bahun (Brahmin) man at the [[Bratabandha]] ceremony in Nepal]]

== Origin ==
Traditionally, Bahuns were members of the Khas community together with [[Chhetri]]s and Hill Dalits.{{sfn|John T Hitchcock|1978|pp=116-119}} Possibly due to political power of the Khasa Malla kingdom, Khas Bahun and Khas Rajput (Chhetris){{sfn|John T Hitchcock|1978|p=116}} had high social status like plain Brahmins and Rajputs in the present-day western Nepal.{{sfn|John T Hitchcock|1978|pp=116-119}} Bahuns, regarded as upper class Khas group together with Chhetri, were associated mostly with the [[Gorkha Kingdom]].{{sfn|Whelpton|2005|p=31}}{{sfn|Whelpton|2005|p=31}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal|title=Nepal -}}</ref> Bahuns were original inhabitants of [[Karnali Province|Karnali]] region of Nepal. The immigration of Brahmins into Nepal increased significantly from 1324 and continued up to 1769 due to the foreign invasion in the western portion of the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>"(O)r of (Brahmin) immigration to Nepal around 1324, continuing until c. 1769"{{harvcol|Witzel|1993|p=266}}</ref>

==Clans==
Bahuns were divided into two clans on the basis of residency. The Bahun residents east of [[Mahakali river]] were known as Purbiya Bahun and west of the river were known as Kumai Bahun.{{sfn|Subba|1989|p=30}} Kumai or Kumain is a direct derivative of [[Kumauni people|Kumaoni]], meaning residents of [[Kumaon region|Kumaon]].{{sfn|Subba|1989|p=30}}

==Demography==
According to the [[2011 Nepal census]], Bahuns (referred as Hill-Brahmin) are the second most populous group after Chhetri with 12.2% of Nepal's population (or 32,26,903 people).<ref name="cbs">{{Cite web|url=http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf|title=Nepal Census 2011|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918043750/http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf|archive-date=2017-09-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bahun are the second largest [[Hindu]] group with a population of 3,212,704 (99.6% of Bahuns).<ref name="cbs"/> Bahuns are the largest group in 15 districts in Nepal: [[Jhapa district|Jhapa]], [[Morang district|Morang]], [[Kathmandu district|Kathmandu]], [[Chitwan district|Chitwan]], [[Nawalparasi district|Nawalparasi]], [[Rupandehi district|Rupandehi]], [[Kaski district|Kaski]], [[Syangja district|Syangja]], [[Parbat district|Parbat]], [[Gulmi district|Gulmi]] and [[Arghakhanchi district|Arghakhanchi]]. Among these, Bahuns in [[Parbat district|Parbat]] (35.7%), [[Arghakhanchi district|Arghakhanchi]] (32.8%), [[Syangja district|Syangja]] (30.9%), [[Chitwan district|Chitwan]] (28.6%), [[Kaski district|Kaski]] (27.8%) and [[Gulmi district|Gulmi]] (25.2%) consist more than 25% of the district population. [[Kathmandu district|Kathmandu]] has largest Bahun population with 410,126 people (23.5%).<ref name="cbs"/>

Bahuns have the highest [[civil service]] representation with 39.2% of Nepal's bureaucracy while having only 12.1% of Nepal's total population. The civil service representation to population ratio is 3.2 times for Bahuns which is fourth in Nepal. Chhetris represent 5.6 times in civil services to their percentage of population, which is the highest in Nepal.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Amit|last=Dhakal|url=http://archive.setopati.com/raajneeti/12636/|title= निजामती सेवामा सबैभन्दा बढी प्रतिनिधित्व राजपूत, कायस्थ र तराई ब्राम्हण|date=11 June 2014|newspaper= Setopati}}</ref> As per the [[Public Service Commission (Nepal)|Public Service Commission]], Brahmins (33.3%) and Chhetris (20.01%) were two largest caste group to obtain governmental jobs in [[Fiscal year|F.Y.]] 2017-18 even though 45% governmental seats are reserved for women, Madhesis, other caste and Tibetan tribes, people with disability and those from the backward regions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2018/10/16/brahmins-and-chhetris-land-most-government-jobs|title=Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref> Similarly, in the fiscal 2018–19, Bahuns (34.87%) and Chhetris (19.63%) maintained 55% of their proportion in civil service as per Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/11/12/brahmins-and-chhetris-continue-to-dominate-entry-into-civil-service|title=Brahmins and Chhetris continue to dominate entry into civil service|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Madhav Prasad Devkota]]
*[[Chabilal Upadhyaya]]<ref>[[Chabilal Upadhyaya|Chabilal Upadhyaya - Wikipedia]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2021}}
*[[Ranga Nath Poudyal]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Raj | first = Prakash A. | title = Dancing Democracy: The power of a Third Eye | publisher = Rupa & Company | year = 2006 | isbn = 9788129109460 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rVNuAAAAMAAJ&q=sarbajit+rana+magar}}</ref>
*[[Krishna Prasad Koirala]] and [[Koirala family]]<ref name="dawn">{{cite news|title= Girija Prasad Koirala: The architect of democracy in Nepal|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/822354|access-date=13 December 2017|newspaper= Dawn|date=23 March 2010}}</ref>
*[[Matrika Prasad Koirala]]<ref name="dawn"/>
*[[Tanka Prasad Acharya]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Westminster legacies|publisher=UNSW Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-86840-848-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JTg0ZTM8X4oC&pg=PA63|access-date= 2009-05-15}}</ref>
*[[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]]<ref name="dawn"/>
*[[Girija Prasad Koirala]]<ref name="dawn"/>
*[[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]]<ref name="myrepublica">{{cite news|title =Flight of a free bird|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/archive/54381/Flight-of-a-free-bird|access-date=13 December 2017|newspaper= My Republica|date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
*[[Man Mohan Adhikari]]<ref>{{cite news|title =Man Mohan Adhikari|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/may/04/guardianobituaries.suzannegoldenberg|access-date=13 December 2017|newspaper= The Guardian|last=Goldenberg|first=Suzanne|date=4 May 1999}}</ref>
*[[KP Sharma Oli]]
*[[Prachanda|Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda)]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-08/03/c_135561309.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805025844/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-08/03/c_135561309.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 5, 2016|title=CPN Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal elected as 39th Prime Minister of Nepal|publisher=Xinhuanet|access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Prachanda-elected-Prime-Minister-of-Nepal/article15282412.ece|title=Prachanda elected Prime Minister of Nepal|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref>
*[[Madhav Kumar Nepal]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2014/05/23/cpn-uml-comrades-apart/| title = CPN-UML Comrades Apart | publisher = Spotlight Nepal Magazine| access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref>
*[[Baburam Bhattarai]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=15581#.WoEo8YHA40M|title=Caste no bar|publisher=Nepali Times|date =16 January 2009|access-date =12 February 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Caste system in Nepal]]
*[[Varna (Hinduism)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |author=Dor Bahadur Bista |author-link=Dor Bahadur Bista |title=Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle for Modernization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzFROpFVYRAC&pg=PA48 |year=1991 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0188-1 }}
*{{cite book |title=Dynamics of a hill society: Nepalis in Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas |last=Subba |first=Tanka Bahadur |date=1989 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=9788173041143 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yZuAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |author=John T Hitchcock |contribution=An Additional Perspective on the Nepali Caste System |editor=James F. Fisher |title=Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B0C-IhEKrSEC&pg=PA113 |year=1978 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-90-279-7700-7 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Richard Burghart |title=The Formation of the Concept of Nation-State in Nepal |jstor=2056748 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=44 |issue=1 |year=1984 |pages=101–125 |doi=10.2307/2056748|s2cid=154584368 }}
* {{Cite book| title = A History of Nepal| last1 = Whelpton | first1 = John| year = 2005 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0521804707 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WSo6PgAACAAJ}}
*{{Cite book| title = Democracy, pluralism and Change: An Inquiry into Nepalese context| last1 = Sherchan | first1 = Sanjay | year = 2001 | publisher = Chhye Pahhuppe | isbn = 9789993354390 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-SyOAAAAMAAJ}}
*{{Cite book|title=Journal of Nepalese Literature, Art and Culture|volume =4| author = Nepala Rajakiya Pragya Pratisthana| publisher =Royal Nepal Academy|year =2001|location= Nepal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyxuAAAAMAAJ}}
*{{cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|title=Toward a History of the Brahmins|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=113|year=1993|issue=2 |pages=264–268|doi=10.2307/603031 |jstor=603031|issn=0003-0279}}
{{Ethnic groups in Nepal}}
{{Brahmin communities}}

[[Category:Bahun| ]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Nepal]]
[[Category:Khas people]]
[[Category:Brahmins]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities]]
[[Category:Gurkhas]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Nepal]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]
[[Category:Hindu ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Hindu communities]]

Bahun - Revision history

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