Bahing language - Revision history

Ahmjit: updated structure per standard format and updated info

2025-01-18T16:03:25Z

updated structure per standard format and updated info

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	*Northeastern [[Okhaldhunga District]], [[Sagarmatha Zone]]: [[Harkapur]], [[Rajadip\|Ragdip]], [[Bigutar]], [[Baraneshwar\|Baruneswor]], [[Okhaldhunga]], [[Rumjatar]], [[Barnalu]], [[Mamkha]], [[Ratmate]], [[Serna]], [[Diyale]], and [[Bhadaure, Sagarmatha\|Bhadaure]] VDC's (''Rumdali dialect'')		*Northeastern [[Okhaldhunga District]], [[Sagarmatha Zone]]: [[Harkapur]], [[Rajadip\|Ragdip]], [[Bigutar]], [[Baraneshwar\|Baruneswor]], [[Okhaldhunga]], [[Rumjatar]], [[Barnalu]], [[Mamkha]], [[Ratmate]], [[Serna]], [[Diyale]], and [[Bhadaure, Sagarmatha\|Bhadaure]] VDC's (''Rumdali dialect'')
	*Mid-southeastern [[Okhaldhunga District]]: [[Ketuke]], [[Moli]], [[Baksa, Nepal\|Waksa]], and [[Ubu, Nepal\|Ubu]] VDC's (''Tolocha dialect'')		*Mid-southeastern [[Okhaldhunga District]]: [[Ketuke]], [[Moli, Nepal\|Moli]], [[Baksa, Nepal\|Waksa]], and [[Ubu, Nepal\|Ubu]] VDC's (''Tolocha dialect'')
	*Southern tip of [[Solukhumbu District]]: [[Necha Batase]] and [[Salyan, Solukhumbu\|Salyan]] VDC's		*Southern tip of [[Solukhumbu District]]: [[Necha Batase]] and [[Salyan, Solukhumbu\|Salyan]] VDC's
	*[[Khotang District]]		*[[Khotang District]]

	==Dialects==		==Dialects==
	According to ''[[Ethnologue]]'', Bahing consists of the Rumdali, Nechali, Tolacha, Moblocha, and Hangu dialects, with 85% or above intelligibility among all dialects. ~~Rumdali~~ is best understood by the most people.		According to ''[[Ethnologue]]'', Bahing consists of the Rumdali, Nechali, Tolacha, Moblocha, and Hangu dialects, with 85% or above intelligibility among all dialects. Bahing is best understood by the most people.

	==Documentation==		==Documentation==

imported>Baburambahing: /* Bahing language */

2021-06-21T10:29:01Z

Bahing language

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{{short description|Language spoken in Nepal}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Bahing
|region=[[Nepal]]
|speakers={{sigfig|11,700|2}}
|date=2011 census
|ethnicity=[[Bahing]]
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=[[Mahakiranti languages|Mahakiranti]] ?
|fam3=[[Kiranti languages|Kiranti]]
|fam4=Western
|fam5=Sunwari
|iso3=bhj
|glotto=bahi1252
|glottorefname=Bahing
|script=
|nation=[[Nepal]]
|notice=IPA
}}

'''Bahing''' ancestors named '''Paiwa, Dungmowa, Rukhusalu, Waripsawa, Timriwa, Dhimriwa, Nayango, Dhayango, Khaliwa/Khaluwa, Rendukpa/Rendu, Rungbu/Rumdali/Diburcha/Thamrocha'''<ref>linked to [[Rumjatar]] by Hanßon–Winter 1991</ref>) is a language spoken by 11,658 people (2011 census) of the [[Bahing|Bahing ethnic group]] in [[Nepal]].<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=NP&seq=20 Detailed language map of eastern Nepal, see language #4 near the map's north/south center and about 2/3 of the way from east to west]</ref> It belongs to the family of [[Kiranti languages]], a subgroup of [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]].

The group Rumdali is also known as Nechali among some of them.

==Names==
''Ethnologue'' lists the following alternate names for Bahing: Baying, Ikke lo, Kiranti-Bahing, Pai Lo, Radu lo. '''Procha lo'''

==Geographical distribution==
Bahing is spoken in the following locations of Nepal (''[[Ethnologue]]'').

*Northeastern [[Okhaldhunga District]], [[Sagarmatha Zone]]: [[Harkapur]], [[Rajadip|Ragdip]], [[Bigutar]], [[Baraneshwar|Baruneswor]], [[Okhaldhunga]], [[Rumjatar]], [[Barnalu]], [[Mamkha]], [[Ratmate]], [[Serna]], [[Diyale]], and [[Bhadaure, Sagarmatha|Bhadaure]] VDC's (''Rumdali dialect'')
*Mid-southeastern [[Okhaldhunga District]]: [[Ketuke]], [[Moli]], [[Baksa, Nepal|Waksa]], and [[Ubu, Nepal|Ubu]] VDC's (''Tolocha dialect'')
*Southern tip of [[Solukhumbu District]]: [[Necha Batase]] and [[Salyan, Solukhumbu|Salyan]] VDC's
*[[Khotang District]]

==Dialects==
According to ''[[Ethnologue]]'', Bahing consists of the Rumdali, Nechali, Tolacha, Moblocha, and Hangu dialects, with 85% or above intelligibility among all dialects. Rumdali is best understood by the most people.

==Documentation==
The Bahing language was described by [[Brian Houghton Hodgson]] (1857, 1858) as having a very complex verbal morphology. By the 1970s, only vestiges were left, making Bahing a case study of grammatical attrition and language death.

==Phonology==
Bahing and the related [[Khaling language]] have synchronic ten-vowel systems. The difference of {{IPA|[mərə]}} "monkey" vs. {{IPA|[mɯrɯ]}} "human being" is difficult to perceive for speakers of even neighboring dialects, which makes for "an unlimited source of fun to the Bahing people" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090214091840/http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/paper/deboer01evolvingSound.html de Boer 2002] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080704143113/http://www3.isrl.uiuc.edu/~junwang4/langev/localcopy/pdf/deboer01evolvingSound.pdf PDF]).

==Morphology==
Hodgson (1857) reported a [[Grammatical voice#The middle voice|middle voice]] formed by a suffix ''-s(i)'' added to the verbal stem, corresponding to reflexives in other [[Kiranti]] languages.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/?q=language_studies/bahing Himalayan Languages Project]

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Kiranti languages}}
{{Languages of Nepal}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahing Language}}
[[Category:Kiranti languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Nepal]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]

{{st-lang-stub}}