Safetechgroupin: Starting Initial Details and Citations

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Starting Initial Details and Citations

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant from the Western Ghats, in India}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = കുറുക്കന്തൂറി.jpg
| genus = Baccaurea
| species = courtallensis
| authority = (Wight) Müll.Arg.
|synonyms =
*''Baccaurea macrostachya'' (Wight & Arn.) Hook.f.
*''Pierardia courtallensis'' Wight
*''Pierardia macrostachya'' Wight & Arn.
}}

'''''Baccaurea courtallensis''''' is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family [[Phyllanthaceae]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Baccaurea courtalensis - EUPHORBIACEAE |url=http://www.biotik.org/india/species/b/bacccour/bacccour_en.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.biotik.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTNS5Q8P1L8C&dq=Baccaurea+courtallensis&pg=PA173 | title=Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops: Vol.03 | isbn=9788189422851 | last1=Peter | first1=K. V. | date=2 June 2008 }}</ref> It is endemic to the [[Western Ghats]] mountains in India. It is a medium size evergreen understory tree frequent in tropical wet evergreen forests of the low and mid-elevations (40-1000m). It is a Near Threatened species according to the ''[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''<ref name=":1" />''.''

== Description ==
It is a medium size tree up to 10-18m tall and girth up to 1.3 m.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brandis |first=Dietrich |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106594 |title=Indian trees : an account of trees, shrubs, woody climbers, bamboos, and palms indigenous or commonly cultivated in the British Indian empire |date=1906 |publisher=A. Constable |location=London}}</ref> Bark is grey and generally smooth or scaly. The leaves are simple, alternate and clustered at twig end. The leaf petiole is 1.2 to 3.8 cm long and swollen at both ends.

The flowers are scarlet in colour and dioecious. Inflorescence are in long stalks arranged in clusters growing on the trunk of the tree i.e. cauliflorous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hooker |first=Joseph Dalton |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61980 |title=The flora of British India |date=1890 |publisher=L. Reeve |volume=5 |location=London}}</ref> Male inflorescence is clustered all over the trunk. Female inflorescence is clustered mostly at the base of the trunk.<ref name=":1" /> The fruit are globose, crimson coloured and ribbed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cooke |first=Theodore. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42182 |title=The flora of the presidency of Bombay |last2=Cooke |first2=Theodore |date=1903 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |volume=2 |location=London}}</ref> Fruits are sour to sweet in taste when fully ripe. Pollen size 10 to 12 μM.<ref name=":5" />

== Common names ==
Malayalam: Mootilpazham, Mootilthoori, Mootippuli, Mootikaya<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Baccaurea courtallensis - Mootapalam |url=https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Mootapalam.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.flowersofindia.net}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Gamble |first=J. S. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96916 |title=A manual of Indian timbers; an account of the growth, distribution, and uses of the trees and shrubs of India and Ceylon with descriptions of their wood-structure |publisher=S. Low, Marston & co. ltd |edition=New and revised|location=London}}</ref>

Kannada: Kolikukke, Kodikukke, Kolakukki<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

Tamil: Kuran Pazam<ref name=":4">Mathpati, Mahesh and Vaishnavi C (2013). [https://indiabiodiversity.org/biodiv/content/projects/project-883e0d7b-2705-4527-a71f-67bec4517317/127.pdf Useful plants that are increasingly rare, as perceived by the Adivasi Community in the Gudalur Region]". Action for Community Organisation, Rehabilitation and Development, Gudalur</ref> Pulichampazham, Mootupazham (மூட்டுப்பழம்)<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Nandhini |first=Karuppiah |last2=David |first2=Vincent Joshuva |last3=Manimekalai |first3=Venugopal |last4=Ravichandran |first4=Perumal |date=2023-04-27 |title=Floral biology of Baccaurea courtallensis – an endemic tree species from peninsular India |url=https://www.threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/8180 |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |language=en |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=22940–22954 |doi=10.11609/jott.8180.15.4.22940-22954 |issn=0974-7907|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
This tree is endemic to the Western Ghats.<ref name=":1">Page, N (2017). [https://ruffordorg.s3.amazonaws.com/media/project_reports/Endemic%20Woody%20Plants.pdf A Photographic Guide-Endemic Woody Plants of the Western Ghats]. Pp.iii+201. Trial Blazer Printers and Publishers. Bangalore.</ref> It grows in the tropical evergreen forests and occasionally grows along river or stream banks in the moist deciduous forests of southern India.<ref name=":5" />

== Ecology ==
Flowering: Aug, Nov, Dec.,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> February to March/ May in southern Western Ghats.<ref name=":5" /> Leaf buds and fruits are eaten by [[Nilgiri langur|Nilgiri Langurs]],<ref>Ramachandran, K. K. (1995). [http://docs.kfri.res.in/KFRI-RR/KFRI-RR106.pdf Status survey of primates in Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent areas]. KFRI Research Report 106. December 1995. Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur. Pp. 34</ref> [[Asian elephant|Elephants]] and [[Lion-tailed macaque|Lion-tailed Macaques]] were also known to feed on the ripe fruits.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baccaurea courtallensis – Karthik's Journal |url=https://www.wildwanderer.com/baccaurea-courtallensis/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Uses ==
The fruit is edible<ref name=":3" /> and eaten by people<ref name=":4" />

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Baccaurea courtallensis flowers 06.jpg|''Baccaurea courtallensis'' flowers
File:Baccaurea courtallensis flowers 10.jpg|Baccaurea courtallensis flowers
File:Baccaurea courtallensis from Biodiversity Park Sreekandapuram IMG 8619.jpg|Baccaurea courtallensis fruits
File:Baccaurea courtallensis from Biodiversity Park Sreekandapuram IMG 8633.jpg|Baccaurea courtallensis fruits
File:Baccaurea courtallensis fruits from Alaram WLS during the Odonate Survey 2015 (10).jpg|Baccaurea courtallensis fruits
File:Baccaurea courtallensis fruits from Alaram WLS during the Odonate Survey 2015 (20).jpg|Baccaurea courtallensis fruits
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q13114197}}

[[Category:Endemic flora of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Flora of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Flora of Kerala]]
[[Category:Flora of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Baccaurea|courtallensis]]

Baccaurea courtallensis - Revision history

Safetechgroupin: Starting Initial Details and Citations