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	''This article is on Indian Trade Unionist Baba Ram Chandra. For the Ghadarite leader and editor of Hindustan Ghadar, see [[Ram Chandra Bharadwaj]].''		''This article is on Indian Trade Unionist Baba Ram Chandra. For the Ghadarite leader and editor of Hindustan Ghadar, see [[Ram Chandra Bharadwaj]].''

	'''Baba Ram Chandra''' (1864/1875–1950)<ref name=skmkk>S.K. Mitral and Kapil Kumar, ''[https://www.academia.edu/17028284/Baba_Ram_Chandra_and_Peasant_Upsurge_in_Oudh_1920-21 Baba Ram Chandra and Peasant Upsurge in Oudh, 1920-21]'', Social Scientist, No. 71 (June 1978)</ref><ref name=ih>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL3-PA413 Ram Chandra (Baba] in ''Indian History'', 26th edition, ed. V.K. Agnihotri, Allied Publishers, 1988</ref><ref name=dnb>Dictionary of National Biography, Vol I (A-D), ed. S.P. Sen, Institute of Historical Studies, Kolkata, 1972 pp. 452-53.</ref> was an ~~[[India]]n~~ [[trade union]]ist who organised the farmers of [[~~Oudh~~]], India into forming a united front to fight against the abuses of landlords in 1920s and 1930s. He was also an influential figure in the [[history of Fiji]], and owed his inspiration to take up the cause of the down-trodden to his 12 years as an [[indenture]]d labourer in [[Fiji]] and to his efforts to end the indenture system. He is one of the prime characters in Kamla Kant Tripathi's history based novel "Bedakhal".		'''Baba Ram Chandra''' (1864/1875–1950)<ref name=skmkk>S.K. Mitral and Kapil Kumar, ''[https://www.academia.edu/17028284/Baba_Ram_Chandra_and_Peasant_Upsurge_in_Oudh_1920-21 Baba Ram Chandra and Peasant Upsurge in Oudh, 1920-21]'', Social Scientist, No. 71 (June 1978)</ref><ref name=ih>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL3-PA413 Ram Chandra (Baba] in ''Indian History'', 26th edition, ed. V.K. Agnihotri, Allied Publishers, 1988</ref><ref name=dnb>Dictionary of National Biography, Vol I (A-D), ed. S.P. Sen, Institute of Historical Studies, Kolkata, 1972 pp. 452-53.</ref> was an Indian [[trade union]]ist who organised the farmers of [[Awadh]], India into forming a united front to fight against the abuses of landlords in 1920s and 1930s. He was also an influential figure in the [[history of Fiji]], and owed his inspiration to take up the cause of the down-trodden to his 12 years as an [[indenture]]d labourer in [[Fiji]] and to his efforts to end the indenture system. He is one of the prime characters in Kamla Kant Tripathi's history based novel "Bedakhal".

	==Early years==		==Early years==
	Ram Chandra was born in a small village in [[Gwalior State]] in 1864 <ref name=skmkk/> or 1875.<ref name=ih/><ref name=dnb/> His real name was Shridhar Balwant . He left for Fiji as an indentured labourer<ref name=":0" /> in 1904 after changing his name to Ram Chandra Rao in order to conceal his identity as a ~~Brahmin~~, since ~~Brahmins~~ were not preferred as indentured labourers~~. He died in the year 1950~~.		Ram Chandra was born in a small village in [[Gwalior State]] in 1864 <ref name=skmkk/> or 1875.<ref name=ih/><ref name=dnb/> His real name was Shridhar Balwant . He left for Fiji as an indentured labourer<ref name=":0" /> in 1904 after changing his name to Ram Chandra Rao in order to conceal his identity as a person from priestly class, since priestly class people were not preferred as indentured labourers.

	== His stay in Fiji as an indentured labour ==		== His stay in Fiji as an indentured labour ==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
''This article is on Indian Trade Unionist Baba Ram Chandra. For the Ghadarite leader and editor of Hindustan Ghadar, see [[Ram Chandra Bharadwaj]].''

'''Baba Ram Chandra''' (1864/1875–1950)<ref name=skmkk>S.K. Mitral and Kapil Kumar, ''[https://www.academia.edu/17028284/Baba_Ram_Chandra_and_Peasant_Upsurge_in_Oudh_1920-21 Baba Ram Chandra and Peasant Upsurge in Oudh, 1920-21]'', Social Scientist, No. 71 (June 1978)</ref><ref name=ih>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL3-PA413 Ram Chandra (Baba] in ''Indian History'', 26th edition, ed. V.K. Agnihotri, Allied Publishers, 1988</ref><ref name=dnb>Dictionary of National Biography, Vol I (A-D), ed. S.P. Sen, Institute of Historical Studies, Kolkata, 1972 pp. 452-53.</ref> was an [[India]]n [[trade union]]ist who organised the farmers of [[Oudh]], India into forming a united front to fight against the abuses of landlords in 1920s and 1930s. He was also an influential figure in the [[history of Fiji]], and owed his inspiration to take up the cause of the down-trodden to his 12 years as an [[indenture]]d labourer in [[Fiji]] and to his efforts to end the indenture system. He is one of the prime characters in Kamla Kant Tripathi's history based novel "Bedakhal".

==Early years==
Ram Chandra was born in a small village in [[Gwalior State]] in 1864 <ref name=skmkk/> or 1875.<ref name=ih/><ref name=dnb/> His real name was Shridhar Balwant . He left for Fiji as an indentured labourer<ref name=":0" /> in 1904 after changing his name to Ram Chandra Rao in order to conceal his identity as a Brahmin, since Brahmins were not preferred as indentured labourers. He died in the year 1950.

== His stay in Fiji as an indentured labour ==
He stayed in Fiji for thirteen years and took active part in the movement to emancipate the lot of the indentured labourers. He came in contact with [[Manilal Doctor]], who took keen interest in social and political movements in Fiji. Ram Chandra used religion to organise the people. He was responsible for the staging of ''[http://www.aryabhatt.com/fast_fair_festival/Festivals/Ram%20Lila.htm Ram Lila]'' in Fiji which helped in creating a sense of solidarity among the Indian indentured labourers. He also ensured the dismissal of an official who rode roughshod over the religious sentiments of the labourers. He led popular demonstrations in Fiji to focus on the grievances of indentured labourers. He smuggled into India an article on the deplorable and inhuman conditions of indentured labourers, which was published in ''Bharat Mitra'', a newspaper from [[Calcutta]]. The Fiji Government was alarmed by this article and was on the look out for its writer. The article created such a furore that Ram Chandra was advised by his friends to leave Fiji before the authorities were able to lay their hands on him. He left Fiji in 1916.

== Organising farmers in India ==
On his return to India he settled in [[Ayodhya]] and became a ''sadhu'' (holy man). He was accused by the local police of spreading disaffection among the peasantry. He married a woman of middle caste and commenced calling himself "Baba Ram Chandra." He moved around the region with a copy of the [[Ramayana]] under his arm, blending readings from this popular [[Hindu]] epic with denunciations of both the [[British Raj]] and the landlords, and appealed to the peasants to act together against their exploiters. Although he began by seeking to harmonise tenant-landlord relations, Ram Chandra soon considered this to be a wasted effort and began to mobilise the peasants. He encouraged peasants to pay only the required rent and refrain from customary donations. In 1919 he led the first peasant protest against the landlords and by 1920 had organised all the farmers associations in Oudh, forming the ''Oudh Kisan Sabha'' (Oudh Farmers’ Association).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/750383036|title=India and the contemporary world-II : Textbook in history for class X.|date=2011|publisher=NCERT|isbn=81-7450-707-8|location=New Delhi|pages=35|chapter=Nationalism in India|oclc=750383036|chapter-url=https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess303.pdf}}</ref> He was arrested on a number of occasions for organising public protests.

In June 1920, Nehru toured the villages of Awadh. By October the sabha was headed by Baba Ramchandra, Nehru and a few others. Within a month it had set up over 300 branches. It helped integrate the peasants in the [[Non-cooperation movement|NCM]].<ref name=":0" />

When tried to get the support of [[Nehru]] and other [[Indian National Congress]] leaders to fight for the rights of the farmers, he was disappointed to discover that the Congress, with its urban-based leadership, was concerned only with independence and did not seem to understand the needs of the peasants.

== External links ==
* [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ39931.pdf The Origins of the Peasant Agitation in Oudh]
* [http://www.virginia.edu/soasia/symsem/kisan/papers/baba.html Baba and Non-Cooperator Congress]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* M.H. Siddiqi, ''Agrarian Unrest in North India 1918-1922'', Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1978
* K. Kumar, ''Peasants in Revolt: Tenants, Landlords, Congress and the Raj in Oudh, 1886-1922'', Manohar Publications, Delhi, 1984.
* Kapil Kumar, ''The Ramcharitmanas as a Radical Text: Baba Ram Chandra in Oudh, 1920-1950'', in ''Social Transformation and Creative Imagination'', 1984.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandra, Ram}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Fiji]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Fijian Hindus]]
[[Category:Fijian trade unionists]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from Maharashtra]]

Baba Ram Chandra - Revision history

>SdkbBot: Removed overlinked country wikilink and general fixes (task 2)

>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 1 template: del empty params (3×);