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{{Indic glyph |letname = Ba |previousletter = Pha |nextletter = Bha |devacp = 092C |devaimg = Devanagari b.svg |bengcp = 09AC |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ba.svg |gurucp = 0A2C |gujrcp = 0AAC |oryacp = 0B2C |telucp = 0C2C |kndacp = 0CAC |mlymcp = 0D2C |sinhcp = 0DB6 |tibtimg = Tibetan Ba.svg |tibtcp = 0F56 |mymrcp = 1017 |tglgcp = 170A |hanocp = 172A |buhdcp = 174A |tagbcp = 176A |khmrcp = 1794 |limbcp = 1912 |talucp = 19A2 |talu2cp = 19A5 |bugicp = 1A05 |lanacp = 1A37 |balicp = 1B29 |sundcp = 1B98 |batkcp = 1BC5 |lepccp = 1C13 |sylocp = A81B |phagcp = A84E |saurcp = A8A8 |kalicp = A919 |rjngcp = A937 |javacp = A9A7 |chamcp = AA1D |tavtcp = AA9A |tavt2cp = AA9B |mteicp = ABD5

|kharcp = 10A26 |kthicp = 110A5 |soracp = 110D2 |cakmcp = 1111D |mahjcp = 1116A |shrdcp = 111A7 |khojcp = 11221 |sindcp = 112D4 |grancp = 1132C |tirhcp = 114A5 |modicp = 11624 |takrcp = 116A0

|brahcp = 11029 |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka b.svg |guptaimg = Gupta allahabad b.svg| ashokaimg = Brahmi b.svg
|tochimg = Tocharian letter ba.gif |brahletname = Brahmi 'B'
|siddcp = 115A4 |siddimg = Siddham b.svg |siddletname = Siddhaṃ 'Ba'
|ipa = b |iast = b |iscii = CA
|note=The Bengali and Syloti Nagri characters are used as the letter Ba, but are cognate to Va in other Indic scripts.


|multcp = 1129D |newacp = 11427 |ahomcp = 11708 |dogrcp = 11820 |diakcp = 11922 |nandcp = 119C4 |zanbcp = 11A20 |soyocp = 11A72 |pauccp = 11ACC |bhkscp = 11C24 |marccp = 11C80 |marcalt = 11CA0 |gonmcp = 11D22 |gongcp = 11D6E |makacp = 11EE4


}}

'''Ba''' is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ba is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad b.svg|13px]].

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The values of the different forms of ब are:<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|url=https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra_411|url-access=limited|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra_411/page/n468 447]–450}}</ref>
*ब {{IPA-hi|bə|}} = 23 (२३)
*बि {{IPA-hi|bɪ|}} = 2,300 (२ ३००)
*बु {{IPA-hi|bʊ|}} = 230,000 (२३० ०००)
*बृ {{IPA-hi|bri|}} = 23,000,000 (२३० ०० ०००)
*बॢ {{IPA-hi|blə|}} = 23{{e|8}} (२३×१०८)
*बे {{IPA-hi|be|}} = 23{{e|10}} (२३×१०१०)
*बै {{IPA-hi|bɛː|}} = 23{{e|12}} (२३×१०१२)
*बो {{IPA-hi|boː|}} = 23{{e|14}} (२३×१०१४)
*बौ {{IPA-hi|bɔː|}} = 23{{e|16}} (२३×१०१६)

==Historic Ba==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ba as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|Ba]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad b.svg|13px|Ba]]. The Tocharian Ba [[Image:Tocharian letter ba.gif|18px|Ba]] did not have an alterante [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. The third form of ba, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква BА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter BA.svg|15px|Ba]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

===Brahmi Ba===

The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|Ba]], Ba, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the Aramaic [[Bet (letter)|Bet]] [[File:Beth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[B]] and Greek [[Beta]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |access-date=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ba can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Ba historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd-1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi b.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar b.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka b.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat b.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad b.svg|37px]]
|}

===Tocharian Ba===

The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter ba.gif|25px|Ba]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|Ba]], but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Ba with vowel marks
|-
! Ba !! Bā !! Bi !! Bī !! Bu !! Bū !! Br !! Br̄ !! Be !! Bai !! Bo !! Bau !! Bä
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter ba.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter baa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter bi.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter bii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter bu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter buu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter br.gif|37px]] ||  ||  ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter bo.gif|37px]] ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter bä.gif|37px]]
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Ba===

The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква BА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter BA.svg|15px|Ba]] is generally accepted as being derived from the Aramaic [[Bet (letter)|Bet]] [[File:Beth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[B]] and [[Beta]], in addition to the Brahmi Ba.<ref name="Buhler"/>

==Devanagari Ba==

{{main|Devanagari ba}}
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Ba''' ('''ब''') is a consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad b.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''બ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘤.

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In all languages, ब is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|bə|}} or {{IPAblink|b}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari ब with vowel marks
|-
! Ba !! Bā !! Bi !! Bī !! Bu !! Bū !! Br !! Br̄ !! Bl !! Bl̄ !! Be !! Bai !! Bo !! Bau !! B
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ब
|बा
|बि
|बी
|बु
|बू
|बृ
|बॄ
|बॢ
|बॣ
|बे
|बै
|बो
|बौ
|ब्
|}



===Conjuncts with ब===
[[File:Devanagari Ba half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Ba.]]
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of ब====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.

* Repha र্ (r) + ब (ba) gives the ligature rba: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RBa.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + ब (ba) gives the ligature rba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RBa.svg|125px]]
* ब্ (b) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature bra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BRa.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + न (na) gives the ligature bna:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BNa.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ब (ba) gives the ligature dba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DBa.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ब্ (b) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature dbra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DBRa.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of ब====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.

* ब্ (b) + ब (ba) gives the ligature bba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BBa.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + च (ca) gives the ligature bca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BCa.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + छ (cʰa) gives the ligature bcʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BCha.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature bḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BDda.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ग (ga) gives the ligature bga:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BGa.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ज (ja) gives the ligature bja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BJa.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature bjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BJNya.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + क (ka) gives the ligature bka:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BKa.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ल (la) gives the ligature bla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BLa.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature bŋa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BNga.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature bña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BNya.svg|100px]]
* ब্ (b) + व (va) gives the ligature bva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BVa.svg|100px]]
* च্ (c) + ब (ba) gives the ligature cba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct CBa.svg|100px]]
* छ্ (cʰ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature cʰba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChBa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ḍba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdBa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ḍʱba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhBa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ब (ba) gives the ligature hba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HBa.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature jʰba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhBa.svg|100px]]
* क্ (k) + ब (ba) gives the ligature kba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KBa.svg|100px]]
* ख্ (kʰ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature kʰba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KhBa.svg|100px]]
* ल্ (l) + ब (ba) gives the ligature lba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct LBa.svg|100px]]
* ळ্ (ḷ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ḷba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct LlBa.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ŋba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgBa.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ñba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyBa.svg|100px]]
* फ্ (pʰ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature pʰba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PhBa.svg|100px]]
* स্ (s) + ब (ba) gives the ligature sba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SBa.svg|100px]]
* श্ (ʃ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ʃba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ShBa.svg|100px]]
* त্ (t) + ब (ba) gives the ligature tba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TBa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ṭba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtBa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ṭʰba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthBa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ब (ba) gives the ligature vba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VBa.svg|100px]]

==Bengali Ba==

The Bengali script ব is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham v.svg|13px]], not [[Image:Siddham b.svg|13px]]. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ব will sometimes be transliterated as "bo" instead of "ba". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /bo/.

Like all Indic consonants, ব can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali ব with vowel marks
|-
! ba !! bā !! bi !! bī !! bu !! bū !! br !! br̄ !! be !! bai !! bo !! bau !! b
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ব
|বা
|বি
|বী
|বু
|বূ
|বৃ
|বৄ
|বে
|বৈ
|বো
|বৌ
|ব্
|}

===ব in Bengali-using languages===

ব is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. 

===Conjuncts with head ব===

{{see also|Va (Indic)#Conjuncts with non-head ব}}

Bengali ব exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures. When used in a non-head position in a conjunct, ব is normally not pronounced, but often geminates (doubles) the preceding consonant.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>

* ব্ (b) + ব (ba) gives the ligature bba:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Bba.svg |100px]]

* ব্ (b) + দ (da) gives the ligature bda:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Bda.svg |100px]]

* ব্ (b) + জ (ja) gives the ligature bja:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Bja.svg |100px]]

* ব্ (b) + ল (la) gives the ligature bla:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Bla.svg |100px]]

* ব্ (b) + র (ra) gives the ligature bra, with the [[ra phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Bra.svg |100px]]

* ব্ (b) + য (ya) gives the ligature bya, with the [[ya phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Bya.svg |100px]]

* র্ (r) + ব্ (b) + য (ya) gives the ligature rbya, with the [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|repha]] prefix and ya phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rbya.svg |100px]]

==Gujarati Ba==

[[File:Gujarati letter Ba.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Ba.]]
'''Ba''' ('''બ''') is the twenty-third consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ba [[Image:Devanagari b.svg|13px|Ba]] with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|Ba]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, બ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|bə|}} or {{IPAblink|b}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Ba !! style="width:7%;"| Bā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Bi !! style="width:7%;"| Bī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Bu !! style="width:5%;"| Bū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Br !! style="width:5%;"| Bl !! style="width:5%;"| Br̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Bl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Bĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Be !! style="width:5%;"| Bai !! style="width:7%;"| Bŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Bo !! style="width:6%;"| Bau !! style="width:7%;"| B
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Ba Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Ba syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with બ===
[[File:Gujarati letter Ba half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Ba.]]
Gujarati બ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. Most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari.

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.

* ર્ (r) + બ (ba) gives the ligature RBa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RBa.svg|100px]]

* બ્ (b) + ર (ra) gives the ligature BRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct BRa.svg|100px]]

* દ્ (d) + બ (ba) gives the ligature DBa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DBa.svg|100px]]

* બ્ (b) + ન (na) gives the ligature BNa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct BNa.svg|100px]]

==Javanese Ba==
{{main|Ba (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ba==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Ba.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Ba
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Ba.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Ba
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Ba.
}}
'''Ba''' ('''బ''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|B]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಬ'''. Since it lacks the v-shaped headstroke common to most Telugu letters, బ remains unaltered by most vowel matras, and its subjoined form is simply a smaller version of the normal letter shape.

Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Ba==
[[File:Malayalam letter Ba.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Ba]]

'''Ba''' ('''ബ''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|B]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Ba.svg|x15px|Ba]] ''Ba''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

[[File:Malayalam Ba matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Ba matras: Ba, Bā, Bi, Bī, Bu, Bū, Br̥, Br̥̄, Bl̥, Bl̥̄, Be, Bē, Bai, Bo, Bō, Bau, and B.]]

===Conjuncts of ബ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].

* ബ് (b) + ദ (da) gives the ligature bda:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct BDa.svg]]
* ബ് (b) + ബ (ba) gives the ligature bba:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct BBa.svg]]

==Odia Ba==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Ba.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter Ba
| image2 = Odia subjoined Ba.svg
| alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Ba
| footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Ba.
}}

'''Ba''' ('''ବ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi b.svg|13px|B]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham b.svg|x15px|Ba]] ''Ba''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Ba with vowel matras
|-
! Ba !! Bā !! Bi !! Bī !! Bu !! Bū !! Br̥ !! Br̥̄ !! Bl̥ !! Bl̥̄ !! Be !! Bai !! Bo !! Bau !! B
|-
| {{big|ବ}} || {{big|ବା}} || {{big|ବି}} || {{big|ବୀ}} || {{big|ବୁ}} || {{big|ବୂ}} || {{big|ବୃ}} || {{big|ବୄ}} || {{big|ବୢ}} || {{big|ବୣ}} || {{big|ବେ}} || {{big|ବୈ}} || {{big|ବୋ}} || {{big|ବୌ}} || {{big|ବ୍}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of ବ ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant.The subjoined form of Ba is one of these mismatched forms, and is referred to as "Ba Phala" or "Wa Phala". The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. This ligature may be recognizable as being a combination of two characters or it can have a conjunct ligature unrelated to its constituent characters.

* ବ୍ (b) + ବ (ba) gives the ligature bba:
[[File:Odia conjunct BBa.svg]]

===Odia Wa and Va===
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Wa.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter Wa
| image2 = Odia letter Va.svg
| alt2 = Odia independent letter Va
| footer = Odia independent letters Wa and Va.
}}

'''Wa''' ('''ୱ''') and '''Va''' ('''ଵ''') are consonants of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]] that are largely unified with ବ. ବ is used to represent all three sounds /b/, /w/ and /v/ in different context, while ୱ is only pronounced as /w/ or /v/. ଵ is an alternate to ୱ with less widespread usage, but all three letters share the same subjoined form.

{| class=wikitable
|-
! colspan=15 | Odia Wa with vowel matras
|-
! Wa !! Wā !! Wi !! Wī !! Wu !! Wū !! Wr̥ !! Wr̥̄ !! Wl̥ !! Wl̥̄ !! We !! Wai !! Wo !! Wau !! W
|-
| {{big|ୱ}} || {{big|ୱା}} || {{big|ୱି}} || {{big|ୱୀ}} || {{big|ୱୁ}} || {{big|ୱୂ}} || {{big|ୱୃ}} || {{big|ୱୄ}} || {{big|ୱୢ}} || {{big|ୱୣ}} || {{big|ୱେ}} || {{big|ୱୈ}} || {{big|ୱୋ}} || {{big|ୱୌ}} || {{big|ୱ୍}}
|-
! colspan=15 | Odia Va with vowel matras
|-
! Va !! Vā !! Vi !! Vī !! Vu !! Vū !! Vr̥ !! Vr̥̄ !! Vl̥ !! Vl̥̄ !! Ve !! Vai !! Vo !! Vau !! V
|-
| {{big|ଵ}} || {{big|ଵା}} || {{big|ଵି}} || {{big|ଵୀ}} || {{big|ଵୁ}} || {{big|ଵୂ}} || {{big|ଵୃ}} || {{big|ଵୄ}} || {{big|ଵୢ}} || {{big|ଵୣ}} || {{big|ଵେ}} || {{big|ଵୈ}} || {{big|ଵୋ}} || {{big|ଵୌ}} || {{big|ଵ୍}}
|}



==References==
{{reflist}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".

{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ba (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Ba (Indic) - Revision history

>Cewbot: Fix broken anchor: 2020-10-17T20:33:14Z #Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st-3rd centuries CE)→Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)