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{{short description|City in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Azamgarh district|its namesake division|Azamgarh division}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Azamgarh
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Azamgarh Railway Station.jpg
| image_caption = Azamgarh Railway Station
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.068|N|83.184|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| named_for =
| leader_title1 = [[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|MP]]
| leader_name1 = [[Akhilesh Yadav]] ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])
| leader_title = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name = [[Durga Prasad Yadav]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (UPLA): Member info |url=http://www.upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=19847 |website=www.upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in |access-date=14 October 2019}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 64
| population_total = 116,165
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=23 February 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Local
| demographics1_info3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<ref name="bhojpuri">{{cite web|title=LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF INDIA PART 2|url=http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/211265?show=full|website=new.dli.ernet.in|publisher=[[Rashtrapati Bhavan]]|access-date=14 September 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731080714/http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/211265%3Fshow%3Dfull|archive-date=31 July 2019}}{{cite web|title=Cultural regionalism and Hindi Nationalism : an analysis of identity-formation among Bhojpuri speech community|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/19144/8/08_chapter%203.pdf|website=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|publisher=[[Shodhganga]]|access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = [http://www.citypincode.in/UTTAR_PRADESH/AZAMGARH/Azamgarh_PINCODE 276001]
| area_code = 05462
| registration_plate = UP-50
| blank1_info_sec1 = 9/8 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Airport
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Azamgarh Airport]]
| website = {{URL|http://azamgarh.nic.in/}}
}}
'''Azamgarh''' ([[IAST]]: Aajamagadh) is a city in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is the headquarters of [[Azamgarh division]], which consists of [[Ballia district|Ballia]], [[Mau district|Mau]] and [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]] districts. Azamgarh is situated on the bank of [[Tamsa River]] (Tons). It is located {{cvt|268|km}} east of the state capital [[Lucknow]].

==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2013}}
Azamgarh, one of the easternmost districts(a district in [[Purvanchal]] sub-region) of [[Uttar Pradesh]], once formed a part of the ancient [[Kosala]] kingdom, except its north-eastern part. Azamgarh is also known as the land of the sage Durvasa whose ashram was located in Phulpur tehsil, near the confluence of Tamsa and Majhuee rivers, {{convert|6|km}} north of the Phulpur.

The district is named after its headquarters town, Azamgarh, which was founded in 1665 by Azam, son of Vikramajit. Vikramajit was a descendant of [[Gautam Rajput]]s of Mehnagar in Pargana Nizamabad who like some of his predecessors had embraced the faith of Islam. He had a Muslim wife who bore him two sons Azam and Azmat. While Azam gave his name to the town of Azamgarh, and the fort, Azmat constructed the fort and settled the bazaar of [[Azmatgarh]] pargana Sagri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Origin of Name of Azamgarh :|url=http://www.azamgarh.nic.in/history.htm|access-date=28 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627133805/http://www.azamgarh.nic.in/history.htm|archive-date=27 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the attack of Chabile Ram, Azmat Khan fled northwards followed by the interior forces. He attempted to cross the [[Ghaghra]] into [[Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh|Gorakhpur]], but the people on the other side opposed his landing, and he was either shot in mid stream or was drowned in attempting to escape by swimming.

In 1688 A.D. during Azmat's{{Dubious|date=January 2013}} lifetime, his eldest son Ekram took part in the management of the state, and after Azam's{{Dubious|date=January 2013}} death he was perhaps left in possession together with Mohhabat, another son. The remaining two sons were taken away and for a time detained as hostages for their brothers' 'good behaviour'.

The successor of Ikram finally confirmed the title of his family to the Jamidari. Ikram left no heirs and was succeeded by Iradat, son of Mohhabat. But the real ruler all along had been Mohhabat, and after Ikram's death, he continued to rule in his son's name.

== Geography ==
Azamgarh has an average elevation of 64 metres (209 feet).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Azamgarh.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Azamgarh |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=30 May 2012}}</ref> The district consists of a series of parallel ridges, whose summits are depressed into beds or hollows, along which the rivers flow; while between the ridges are low-lying rice lands, interspersed with numerous natural reservoirs.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Azamgarh|volume=3|page=79}}</ref> The soil is fertile, and very highly cultivated, bearing good crops of rice, sugarcane, and wheat and orchards of mango and guava. Maize, gram, corn,{{Vague|date=January 2013}} mustard are other major crops

===Climate===
Azamgarh experiences a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cwa'') with large variations between summer and winter temperatures.{{sfn|Singh|1975|p=4}}{{Vague|date=January 2013}}{{sfn|Pandey|1989|p=13}}{{Vague|date=January 2013}} Summers are long, from early April to October with intervening monsoon seasons, and are also extremely hot, even by South Asian standards. The temperature ranges between {{convert|22|and|46|C|F|0}} in the summers. Winters in Azamgarh see very large [[diurnal cycle|diurnal]] variations, with warm days and downright cold nights. Cold waves from the [[Himalaya]]n region cause temperatures to dip across the city in the winter from December to February and temperatures below {{convert|5|°C|0|abbr=on}} are not uncommon. The average annual rainfall is {{convert|1110|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Fog is common in the winters, while hot dry winds, called [[Loo (wind)|loo]], blow in the summers.{{sfn|Singh|Rana|2002|p=27}}{{Vague|date=January 2013}} In recent years, the water level of the Tamsa has decreased significantly.

{{Weather box
| location = Azamgarh
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high F = 67
| Feb high F = 76
| Mar high F = 87
| Apr high F = 98
| May high F = 100
| Jun high F = 97
| Jul high F = 90
| Aug high F = 88
| Sep high F = 88
| Oct high F = 87
| Nov high F = 81
| Dec high F = 71
| year high C =
| Jan low F = 47
| Feb low F = 54
| Mar low F = 62
| Apr low F = 72
| May low F = 77
| Jun low F = 80
| Jul low F = 78
| Aug low F = 78
| Sep low F = 76
| Oct low F = 70
| Nov low F = 59
| Dec low F = 51
| year low C =
| Jan precipitation mm = 19.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 13.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 10.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 5.4
| May precipitation mm = 9.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 100.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 320.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 260.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 231.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 38.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 12.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 4.0
| year precipitation mm = 1025.4
| source 1 = <ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayIntlNORMS.asp?CityCode=42483&Units=english | title = Seasonal Weather Averages | access-date = 22 December 2010| publisher =[[Weather Underground (weather service)|Weather Underground]] |date = December 2010 }}, temperature data from [[Weather Underground (weather service)|Weather Underground]]</ref><ref name="imd">{{cite web
|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/varanasi2.htm
|title=Varanasi
|access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Indian Meteorology Department
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709160100/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/varanasi2.htm
|archive-date=9 July 2012 }}, precipitation data from Indian Meteorology Department</ref>
| date = December 2010}}

==Demographics==
As per the provisional data of the 2011 census, Azamgarh urban agglomeration had a population of 116,165 out of which males were 60,678, and females were 55,487. The literacy rate was 86 percent.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 7 July 2012 }}</ref>

===Literacy===
The average literacy rate of Azamgarh town in 2011 was 70.93%, compared to 56.95% in 2001. Male and female literacy were 81.34% and 60.91% respectively. For the 2001 census, In [[Azamgarh district]]. the corresponding figures were 71.04% and 43.40% The literate population of Azamgarh district was 2,771,917, of which male and female were 1,559,414 and 1,212,503 respectively.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web|title=Azamgarh District : Census 2011 data|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/562-azamgarh.html|publisher=Census 2011.co.in|access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{More citations needed section |date=April 2021}}

===Road===
[[File:11054 Azamgarh Mumbai LTT Weekly Express - AC 2 tier.jpg|thumb|Azamgarh Mumbai LTT Weekly Express at [[Azamgarh railway station|Azamgarh station]]]]
Azamgarh is connected with Lucknow {{convert|268|km|mi|abbr=on}} and Delhi {{convert|761|km|mi|abbr=on}} by road. It has one of the biggest bus depots in eastern Uttar Pradesh and regular bus services to almost all district headquarters of Uttar Pradesh and also to Delhi.

===Train===
[[Azamgarh railway station|Azamgarh station]] is one of the most important of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Azamgarh is directly connected to Delhi by [[Kaifiyat Express]], to Mumbai by Mumbai LTT – Azamgarh Weekly Express, [[Godaan express]], to Ahmedabad, the state capital Lucknow, Jaipur, Ajmer, and Amritsar, to Kolkata by KOAA AMH Express (13137).

===Air===
Azamgarh has a new airport, Manduri Airport, {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. The nearest international airport is [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport]] (Varanasi), {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. Airport is not open for public till now.<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Website of NRI Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India {{!}} UPNRI |url=https://nri.up.gov.in/#parentHorizontalTab4 |website=nri.up.gov.in |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Azamgarh has a number of educational institutions ranging from basic educational institutions to the higher institution. There are a number of ITIs, polytechnics, defence coaching center and medical colleges also. Some of the well known institutions are:
* [[Azamgarh State University]], established in 2019
* [[Government Medical College and Super Facility Hospital, Azamgarh]] is a state medical college located at Chakrapanpur, Azamgarh. It is affiliated to King George's Medical University, Lucknow.
* [[Rajkiya Engineering College, Azamgarh]] is a government engineering college and a constituent college of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical University).
* [[Shibli National College, Azamgarh|Shibli National College]] offers graduate and postgraduate courses in Azamgarh. Its well known institution established in 1883 by Shibli Nomani, an Islamic scholar from Indian subcontinent during British Raj.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shiblicollege.ac.in/|title=Shibli National College, Azamgarh|website=shiblicollege.ac.in|access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref>
* D.A.V. Post Graduate College, Azamgarh|Dayanand Anglo Vedic College offers graduate and postgraduate courses in Azamgarh. Its well known institution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://davpgcollegeazm.in/|title=D.A.V. Post Graduate College, Azamgarh|website=davpgcollegeazm.in|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref>

==Media==
===FM===
* Voice Of Azamgarh (90.8) Community Radio.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.voiceofazamgarh.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092404/http://www.voiceofazamgarh.com/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Air Vividh Bharti (102.2) which Broadcast from Mau District & Covers Azamgarh city too.

==Notable people==
''{{small|NB This list is only for people from Azamgarh itself, for those from elsewhere in the district please see [[Azamgarh district#Notable people|Azamgarh district]].}}''



*[[Iqbal Abdulla]], Indian cricketer<ref>{{cite web |title=Iqbal Abdulla |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/277237.html |website=Cricinfo |access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref>
*[[Shaikh Shamim Ahmed]], former M.L.A. and [[Indian National Congress]] leader from Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=ممبئی: معروف مسلم سیاست داں شیخ شمیم احمد کا انتقال، آج تدفین ہوگی |url=https://www.qaumiawaz.com/national/mumbai-leading-muslim-politician-sheikh-shameem-ahmed-passed-away-burial-today/#mumbai-leading-muslim-politician-sheikh-shameem-ahmed-passed-away-burial-today |access-date=28 February 2020 |work=Qaumiawaz |date=23 September 2019 |language=ur-IN}}</ref>
*[[Abu Azmi]], MLA Maharashtra, former Member of RajyaSabha{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}
*[[Shabana Azmi]], Film actress{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}
*[[Waqar Azmi]], former UK Government's Chief Diversity Adviser at the Cabinet Office{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}
*[[Mirza Aslam Beg]], former Chief of the Army Staff of Pakistan
*[[Amin Ahsan Islahi]], Muslim scholar, famous for his Urdu exegeses of Quran, Tadabbur-i-Qur'an{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}
*[[Frank F Islam]], American entrepreneur, civic leader and writer. General Trustee of the Board of Trustees of the [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts]] in 2013
*[[Kanhaiya Lal Misra]], Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh from 1952 to 1969
*[[Shibli Nomani]], Islamic scholar, historian, educationist and social reformer{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}
*[[Prem Chand Pandey]], scientist, founder director National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Goa
*[[Shaukat Hussain Rizvi]], actor, producer, film-maker. Died in Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}
*[[Rahul Sankrityayan]], known as the Father of Hindi Travelogue Travel literature{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}
*[[Amar Singh (politician)|Amar Singh]], former Member of Parliament{{Citation needed|date=June 2016}}
*[[Gajendra Singh (producer)|Gajendra Singh]], (Director & Producer of [[Antakshari]], [[Saregama]], [[Voice of India]]){{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}
*[[Prakash Singh]], (IPS, [[Padmashri]]), retired Indian Police Service officer, who rose to the highest rank of Director General of Police (DGP).<ref>http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf</ref>
*[[Samar Singh (Singer)|Samar Singh]], Bhojpuri singer and actor
*[[Vinod K. Singh]], Director, IISER Bhopal, Professor, IIT Kanpur, [[Padmashri]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Padma Shri for Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur's Prof Vinod Kumar Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Padma-Shri-for-Indian-Institute-of-Technology-Kanpurs-Prof-Vinod-Kumar-Singh/articleshow/29394755.cms |access-date=19 September 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=26 January 2014 }}</ref>
*[[Iqbal Suhail]], Urdu poet, Islamic scholar, lawyer, educationist, politician; lived in Azamgarh<ref name="youdontknow">"The Azamgarh you don't know"; within Saikat Datta and Sharat Pradhan, "A place and its negative", ''Outlook'', 6 October 2008, p.34. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VTEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA34#v=onepage&q&f=false Here] at Google Books.</ref>
*[[Ayodhya Prasad Upadhyay]], writer, essayist, scholar, poet{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}
*[[Ram Naresh Yadav]], former Governor of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.




==See also==
* [[List of cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Dewait]]
* [[Kohanda]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Azamgarh}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903013316/http://www.upelections.co.in/ Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110909113911/http://www.upelections.co.in/uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituencies/azamgarh Azamgarh Assembly Elections]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181011115848/http://www.azamgarh.nic.in/ District Website]

{{Azamgarh district}}
{{Azamgarh division topics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Azamgarh| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Azamgarh district]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1665]]
[[Category:1665 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

Azamgarh - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Source modification.

>GünniX: WP:ISBN