Azam Khan (general) - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|Pakistan Army general (1908–1994)}}		{{Short description\|Pakistan Army general (1908–1994)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2017}}
	{{Use Pakistani English\|date=August ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Pakistani English\|date=August 2017}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\| name =Lt Gen Azam Khan		\| name =Lt Gen Azam Khan
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	== Early life and education ==		== Early life and education ==
	Khan was born on 1 August 1908 in Mathra, [[Peshawar]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province, [[British India]] into the family of Khan Bahadur Akram Khan, a soldier who had served in the British army and fought against the germans in France in world war one. He attended the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] then the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] and was commissioned a second lieutenant on the Unattached List for the Indian Army on 29 August 1929.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan,_Lt._General_Mohammad_Azam\|title=Khan, Lt. General Mohammad Azam \|website=Banglapedia\|access-date=8 June ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="April 1940 Indian Army List">April 1940 Indian Army List</ref>		Khan was born on 1 August 1908 in Mathra, [[Peshawar]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province, [[British India]] into the family of Khan Bahadur Akram Khan, a soldier who had served in the British army and fought against the germans in France in world war one. He attended the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] then the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] and was commissioned a second lieutenant on the Unattached List for the Indian Army on 29 August 1929.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan,_Lt._General_Mohammad_Azam\|title=Khan, Lt. General Mohammad Azam \|website=Banglapedia\|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="April 1940 Indian Army List">April 1940 Indian Army List</ref>

	== Military career ==		== Military career ==
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	He supported Ayub Khan's coup d'état in 1958 first against the elected civilian government, and then against President [[Iskander Mirza]], an army officer. On 28 October 1958 he was made a senior ''Minister for Refugees Rehabilitation'' in Ayub Khan's administration.		He supported Ayub Khan's coup d'état in 1958 first against the elected civilian government, and then against President [[Iskander Mirza]], an army officer. On 28 October 1958 he was made a senior ''Minister for Refugees Rehabilitation'' in Ayub Khan's administration.

	He was appointed as the Governor of [[East Pakistan]] province on 14 April 1960. He was a well-liked governor in East Pakistan. "Azam Khan acquired the love and respect of the people of East Pakistan by his personal behaviour and free mixing with all classes of people."<ref name=":1" /> There were reported rumors back then that president Ayub Khan was upset by the great popularity of the governor and felt threatened by it. Ayub Khan saw him as his potential rival of the future.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/718947 Popularity of General Azam Khan in East Pakistan in the 1960s], Dawn newspaper, Published 17 May 2012, Retrieved 8 June 2017</ref><ref>[https://pakistaniat.com/2010/10/12/azam-khan/ A View from Bangladesh: Remembering Lt. Gen. Azam Khan]</ref> He established the [[Graphic Arts Institute (Dhaka)\|Graphic Arts Institute]] in [[Dacca]] in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Graphic_Arts_Institute\|title=Graphic Arts Institute \|website=Banglapedia\|language=en \|access-date=4 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		He was appointed as the Governor of [[East Pakistan]] province on 14 April 1960. He was a well-liked governor in East Pakistan. "Azam Khan acquired the love and respect of the people of East Pakistan by his personal behaviour and free mixing with all classes of people."<ref name=":1" /> There were reported rumors back then that president Ayub Khan was upset by the great popularity of the governor and felt threatened by it. Ayub Khan saw him as his potential rival of the future.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/718947 Popularity of General Azam Khan in East Pakistan in the 1960s], Dawn newspaper, Published 17 May 2012, Retrieved 8 June 2017</ref><ref>[https://pakistaniat.com/2010/10/12/azam-khan/ A View from Bangladesh: Remembering Lt. Gen. Azam Khan]</ref> He established the [[Graphic Arts Institute (Dhaka)\|Graphic Arts Institute]] in [[Dacca]] in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Graphic_Arts_Institute\|title=Graphic Arts Institute \|website=Banglapedia\|language=en \|access-date=4 December 2017}}</ref>
	He remained in office until 1962. During the presidential election of 1964. Azam Khan "supported the presidential candidacy of Fatima Jinnah" and continued to work strongly against Ayub Khan until after the latter's [[Coup d'état\|ouster]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Historical dictionary of Bangladesh \|last=Baxter \|first=Craig \|author1-link = Craig Baxter\|author2=Syedur Rahman \|author3=Syedur Rahman \|year=2003 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|page=49 \|isbn=9780810848634 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PWKCmtu-RT4C&q=%22Azam+Khan%22+Pakistan+general&pg=PA49 }}</ref>		He remained in office until 1962. During the presidential election of 1964. Azam Khan "supported the presidential candidacy of Fatima Jinnah" and continued to work strongly against Ayub Khan until after the latter's [[Coup d'état\|ouster]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Historical dictionary of Bangladesh \|last=Baxter \|first=Craig \|author1-link = Craig Baxter\|author2=Syedur Rahman \|author3=Syedur Rahman \|year=2003 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|page=49 \|isbn=9780810848634 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PWKCmtu-RT4C&q=%22Azam+Khan%22+Pakistan+general&pg=PA49 }}</ref>

Bot at 17:38, 15 November 2022

2022-11-15T17:38:47Z

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{{Short description|Pakistan Army general (1908–1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name =Lt Gen Azam Khan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =1908<ref name=":1"/>
| death_date =1994 (86 years old)
| birth_place =Mathra, [[Peshawar]], [[North West Frontier Province]], [[British India]]
| death_place =Lahore
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =Azam Khan, Governor Azam Khan
| birth_name =Muhammad Azam Khan
| allegiance ={{flag|British Raj}} {{PAK}}
| branch ={{army|British Raj}} (1929 - 1947) [[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|20px]] [[Pakistan Army]] (1947 - 1962)

| serviceyears =1929-1962
| rank =[[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|25px]] [[File:OF-8 PakistanArmy.svg|15px]] [[Lieutenant General]]
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =25th Infantry Brigade 10th Infantry Division 14th Infantry Division [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I ''Strike'' Corps]]
| battles =[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] [[Lahore riots of 1953|Lahore Operation]]
| battles_label =
| awards =
| relations = Fakhar E Alam (Brother)
| laterwork =
}}
'''Muhammad Azam Khan''' (1908–1994) was a senior general of the [[Pakistan army]] who was a minister under Field Marshal [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]], the first military ruler of [[Pakistan]]. Azam was the first commander of the Pakistan Army's [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]], and was [[Governor of East Pakistan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://bangabhaban.gov.bd/Homes/banglahistory_submenu/12/51|title=BANGABHABAN - The President's House of Bangladesh|website=bangabhaban.gov.bd|access-date=8 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414050508/http://bangabhaban.gov.bd/Homes/banglahistory_submenu/12/51|archive-date=14 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Khan was born on 1 August 1908 in Mathra, [[Peshawar]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province, [[British India]] into the family of Khan Bahadur Akram Khan, a soldier who had served in the British army and fought against the germans in France in world war one. He attended the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] then the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] and was commissioned a second lieutenant on the Unattached List for the Indian Army on 29 August 1929.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan,_Lt._General_Mohammad_Azam|title=Khan, Lt. General Mohammad Azam |website=Banglapedia|access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="April 1940 Indian Army List">April 1940 Indian Army List</ref>

== Military career ==
Khan started his career being attached to the [[Rifle Brigade]] for a year then he joined the [[British Indian Army]] 1 November 1930 and was posted to the 4th battalion, [[19th Hyderabad Regiment]]. He was promoted Captain 1 August 1938 and appointed Adjutant 6 December 1939.<ref name="April 1940 Indian Army List"/> By October 1942 he was serving with 6th battalion, [[19th Hyderabad Regiment]] and had attended a war time staff course.<ref>October 1942 Most secret edition Indian Army List</ref> By April 1944 he was a war substantive Major attached to the 10th Baluch Regiment.<ref>April 1944 Indian Army List</ref> He was appointed temporary Lt-Col and was the commanding officer of 9th battalion [[10th Baluch Regiment]] from May 1945 to April 1946.<ref>History of The Baloch Regiment 1939-1946 by Major-General Rafiuudin Ahmed, p256</ref> He was promoted Major 29 August 1946.<ref>April 1947 Army List</ref>

He fought in [[Arakan Campaign 1942–43|Arakan]], [[Myanmar|Burma]] in [[World War II|World War Two]]. By 1947, he was an Assistant Quarter Master General. On partition and the creation of Pakistan he opted for the Pakistan Army.

On 1 January 1948, he was appointed Brigadier and commander of the 25th Brigade.<ref>The Pakistan Army 1947-49 by Major-General Shaukat Riza, p179</ref> In January 1950, he was promoted to major general and command of 10th Division at Lahore<ref>The Pakistan Army 1947-49 by Major-General Shaukat Riza, p183</ref> Four years later he was promoted to lieutenant general.<ref name=":1" />

As the [[General officer commanding]] (GOC) of Lahore Garrison he was appointed [[Martial law administrator]] in 1953 following cabinet's decision to declare martial law and request military aid to civil power following the provincial authorities loss of control as a result of the anti-[[Ahmadiyya]]'Punjab Disturbances'.<ref name=":1" /> As the GOC he oversaw the defense of the walled old city during the [[Lahore riots of 1953]].<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/1057427 General Azam Khan's role in 1953 Lahore riots], Dawn newspaper, Updated 21 November 2013, Retrieved 8 June 2017</ref> Hailed as the 'Saviour of Lahore' he adopted very broad powers, and it is believed that the experience whetted both his conviction, and the Army's more generally, that they were better candidates to oversee administration than civilian politicians.

He later served as the 14th Division commander in [[East Pakistan]] before joining Ayub Khan's military regime. In 1958, he took command of Pakistan Army's first filed corps, the [[I Corps (Pakistan)|1 Corps]], then based in [[Abbottabad]] and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant general.<ref name=":1" />

==Political career==
He supported Ayub Khan's coup d'état in 1958 first against the elected civilian government, and then against President [[Iskander Mirza]], an army officer. On 28 October 1958 he was made a senior ''Minister for Refugees Rehabilitation'' in Ayub Khan's administration.

He was appointed as the Governor of [[East Pakistan]] province on 14 April 1960. He was a well-liked governor in East Pakistan. "Azam Khan acquired the love and respect of the people of East Pakistan by his personal behaviour and free mixing with all classes of people."<ref name=":1" /> There were reported rumors back then that president Ayub Khan was upset by the great popularity of the governor and felt threatened by it. Ayub Khan saw him as his potential rival of the future.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/718947 Popularity of General Azam Khan in East Pakistan in the 1960s], Dawn newspaper, Published 17 May 2012, Retrieved 8 June 2017</ref><ref>[https://pakistaniat.com/2010/10/12/azam-khan/ A View from Bangladesh: Remembering Lt. Gen. Azam Khan]</ref> He established the [[Graphic Arts Institute (Dhaka)|Graphic Arts Institute]] in [[Dacca]] in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Graphic_Arts_Institute|title=Graphic Arts Institute |website=Banglapedia|language=en |access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref>
He remained in office until 1962. During the presidential election of 1964. Azam Khan "supported the presidential candidacy of Fatima Jinnah" and continued to work strongly against Ayub Khan until after the latter's [[Coup d'état|ouster]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Historical dictionary of Bangladesh |last=Baxter |first=Craig |author1-link = Craig Baxter|author2=Syedur Rahman |author3=Syedur Rahman |year=2003 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |page=49 |isbn=9780810848634 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PWKCmtu-RT4C&q=%22Azam+Khan%22+Pakistan+general&pg=PA49 }}</ref>

==President of Pakistan Olympic Association==
* Lieutenant General Azam Khan served as the President, [[Pakistan Olympic Association]] from 16 November 1958 to 22 September 1963.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

== Death ==
He died in [[Lahore]], Pakistan in 1994.<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box |title=Governor of [[East Pakistan]]
|years=1960 – 1962
|before=[[Zakir Husain (governor)|Zakir Husain]]|
after=[[Ghulam Faruque Khan]]}}
{{end}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Muhammad Azam}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]
[[Category:Governors of East Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani sports executives and administrators]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Indian Military College alumni]]