KJIMarquis: improve layout for clarity and added references

2026-03-11T17:14:05Z

improve layout for clarity and added references

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 11 March 2026
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	{{Short description\|King of Kashmir}}		{{Short description\|King of Kashmir from 855 to 883}}{{Infobox royalty
	{{Infobox royalty		\| title =
	\| title =		\| name = Avantivarman
	\| name = Avantivarman		\| image = King Avantivarman and his Queen.png
	\| image = ~~Awanti Swami~~.~~JPG~~		\| caption = King Avantivarman and his Queen
	\| caption = ~~Remains of [[Avanti Swami Temple]] built by~~ Avantivarman		\| succession = [[List of monarchs of Kashmir\|King of Kashmir]]
	\| succession = King of Kashmir		\| reign = 855 – 11 June 883<ref name="ASI">{{Cite web\|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_jk_avantipur.asp\|title=Avantiswami Temple, Avantipur\|work=[[Archeological Survey of India]]\|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>
	\| reign = ~~855–883 CE~~<ref name="ASI">{{Cite web\|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_jk_avantipur.asp\|title=Avantiswami Temple, Avantipur\|work=[[Archeological Survey of India]]\|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>		\| predecessor = Utpalapida
	\| predecessor = Utpalapida		\| successor = [[Sankaravarman]]
	\| successor = [[Sankaravarman]]		\| house = [[Utpala dynasty\|Utpala]]
	\| house = [[Utpala dynasty]]		\| birth_date =
	\| birth_date =		\| father = Sukhavarman
	\| father = Sukhavarman		\| mother =
	\| mother =		\| issue = [[Sankaravarman]]
	\| issue = [[Sankaravarman]]		\| spouse =
	\| spouse =		\| module = {{Infobox person
	\| module = {{Infobox person \| child=yes		\| child=yes
	\| relatives = Utpala <br /><small>(paternal grandfather)</small>		\| relatives = Utpala <br /><small>(paternal grandfather)</small>
	}}		}}
	\| death_date =		\| death_date = 11 June 883<ref name="n439">{{cite web \| title=The Hindu Sahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab \| last = Mishra \| first = Yogendra \| url=https://ia800604.us.archive.org/14/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.99741/2015.99741.The-Hindu-Sahis-Of-Afghanistan-And-The-Punjab_text.pdf \| access-date=23 October 2025 \| page = 30}}</ref>
	\| death_place =		\| death_place =
	\| ~~place of burial~~ =		\| burial_place =
	\| religion = [[~~Hinduism~~]]		\| religion = [[Shaivism]]
	\| regnal name =		\| regnal name =
	}}		}}
	'''Avantivarman''' was ~~a king who founded~~ the [[Utpala dynasty]]~~. He ruled~~ [[Kashmir]] from 855 to 883 ~~CE and~~ built the [[Avantiswami Temple]].~~<ref name="ASI"/>~~
			'''Avantivarman''' (died 11 June 883) was the founder of the [[Utpala dynasty]] and [[List of monarchs of Kashmir\|King of Kashmir]] from 855 to 883. He built the [[Avantiswami Temple]] in [[Awantipora]], [[Pulwama district\|Pulwama]].

	==Reign==		==Reign==
	Avantivarman was the grandson of Utpala, one of the five brothers who had taken control of the [[Karkota dynasty\|Karkota]] throne. Raised by Utpala's minister Sura, Anantivarman ascended the throne of [[Kashmir]] on 855 CE, establishing the [[Utpala dynasty]] and ending the rule of the Karkotas. Avantivarman appointed Suyya, an engineer and architect as his prime minister.<ref name="Sen">{{cite book\|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization\|first=Sailendra Nath\|last=Sen\|publisher=New Age International\|year=1999\|page=295\|isbn=978-8122-411-98-0}}</ref> The country had been badly affected due to ~~the numerous~~ civil wars over the ~~last~~ forty years ~~and~~ Avantivarman's reign restored the economy. Suyya carried out desilting of the [[Jhelum ~~river~~]] and diverted its course.<ref name="Suyya">{{cite book\|title=Kashur The Kashmiri Speaking People: Analytical Perspective\|first=Mohini Qasba\|last=Raina\|publisher=Partridge Publishing Singapore\|year=2013\|isbn=978-1482-899-47-4\|page=9}}</ref>		Avantivarman was the grandson of Utpala, one of the five brothers who had taken control of the [[Karkota dynasty\|Karkota]] throne. Raised by Utpala's minister Sura, Anantivarman ascended the throne of [[Kashmir]] in 855, establishing the [[Utpala dynasty]] and ending the rule of the Karkotas. Avantivarman appointed Suyya, an engineer and architect as his prime minister.<ref name="Sen">{{cite book\|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization\|first=Sailendra Nath\|last=Sen\|publisher=New Age International\|year=1999\|page=295\|isbn=978-8122-411-98-0}}</ref> The country had been badly affected due to civil wars over the prior forty years. Avantivarman's reign restored the economy. Suyya carried out desilting of the [[Jhelum River]] and diverted its course.<ref name="Suyya">{{cite book\|title=Kashur The Kashmiri Speaking People: Analytical Perspective\|first=Mohini Qasba\|last=Raina\|publisher=Partridge Publishing Singapore\|year=2013\|isbn=978-1482-899-47-4\|page=9}}</ref>

	~~==Arts and architecture==~~		During his reign, in 880, the town of Suyyapur (modern-day [[Sopore]]) in [[Baramulla district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] was founded by Suyya.<ref name=":0" />
	~~Avantivarman was a patron of the arts and the most notable scholar of~~ his ~~time was Anandhavardana~~, the ~~author of the ''Dhvanyaloka''. He founded the cities~~ of ~~[[Awantipora\|Avantipur]] and~~ [[Sopore~~\|Suyapur~~]]~~, which was named after Suyya.<ref name="Suyya"/> He built many~~ [[~~Hindu temples~~]] ~~dedicated to both~~ [[~~Vishnu]]~~ and ~~[[Shiva]] as well as [[Buddhist monastery~~\|~~Buddhist monasteries]].<ref name="Culture">{{cite book\|title=Cultural heritage of~~ Jammu and Kashmir~~\|page=88\|first=K\|last=Warikoo\|publisher=Pentagon Press\|year=2009\|isbn=978-8182-743-76-2}}</ref> Notable among the temples were the temples of [[Awanti Swami temple\|Avantiswara and Avantiswami~~]] ~~dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu respectively in Avantipur~~.<ref name="~~Culture~~"/> ~~The reign of avantiverman witnessed a remarkable rivival of Sanskrit learning in Kashmir.He built a dam on vitasta river to save kingdom from devastating flood.~~

	Notable ~~books written during~~ Avantivarman'~~s reign include Haraviyaja written by Ratnakara~~ and [[~~Dhvanyaloka~~]] ~~written by~~ [[~~Anandavardhana~~]].		Notable poets, Ranakar and Ananvardhana, were part of his court. During this time, the price of paddy declined from 36 to 20 dinars. Suyya is said to have drained a large chunk of wasteland as prime minister. [[Sopore\|Suyyapur]] or Sopore township in Baramulla district was named for him.

			While Suyya was working in Sopore, no one came to bathe in the water. The king ordered that a part of his treasury be thrown into the water, leading a large number of people into the river to get as many coins as they could. Suyya continued and cleared the river of silt.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=Marc Aurel Stein \|url=http://archive.org/details/RajataranginiVol1 \|title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini Vol 1 \|date=1900}}</ref>

			==Art and architecture==
			Avantivarman was a patron of the arts. The most notable scholar of his time was Anandhavardana, the author of ''Dhvanyaloka''. He founded the cities of [[Awantipora\|Avantipur]] and [[Sopore\|Suyapur]].<ref name="Suyya" /> He built many [[Hindu temples]] dedicated to [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]] as well as [[Buddhist monastery\|Buddhist monasteries]].<ref name="Culture">{{cite book\|title=Cultural heritage of Jammu and Kashmir\|page=88\|first=K\|last=Warikoo\|publisher=Pentagon Press\|year=2009\|isbn=978-8182-743-76-2}}</ref> Notable among the temples were the temples of [[Awanti Swami temple\|Avantiswara and Avantiswami]] dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu respectively in Avantipur.<ref name="Culture" />

	==Death and succession==		==Death and succession==
	Avantivarman died in 883 CE and his death was followed by another civil war among his descendants. The throne was finally captured by [[Sankaravarman]] in 885 CE, who ruled ~~till~~ 902 CE.<ref name="Sen"/>		Avantivarman died in 883 and his death was followed by another civil war among his descendants. The throne was finally captured by [[Sankaravarman]] in 885, who ruled until 902.<ref name="Sen"/>

			== Coinage ==
			{{gallery
			\|Avantivarmans_coin_1.png
			\|Avantivarman_coin_2.png
			\|title=Coinage of king Avantivarman}}

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]		[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
	[[Category:Utpala dynasty]]		[[Category:Utpala dynasty]]
	[[Category:Kashmir]]		[[Category:Kings of Kashmir]]

>Peter Ormond: /* Avantivarman of Kashmir */

2021-05-06T23:17:36Z

Avantivarman of Kashmir

New page

{{Short description|King of Kashmir}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title =
| name = Avantivarman
| image = Awanti Swami.JPG
| caption = Remains of [[Avanti Swami Temple]] built by Avantivarman
| succession = King of Kashmir
| reign = 855–883 CE<ref name="ASI">{{Cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_jk_avantipur.asp|title=Avantiswami Temple, Avantipur|work=[[Archeological Survey of India]]|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>
| predecessor = Utpalapida
| successor = [[Sankaravarman]]
| house = [[Utpala dynasty]]
| birth_date =
| father = Sukhavarman
| mother =
| issue = [[Sankaravarman]]
| spouse =
| module = {{Infobox person | child=yes
| relatives = Utpala <br /><small>(paternal grandfather)</small>
}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| place of burial =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| regnal name =
}}
'''Avantivarman''' was a king who founded the [[Utpala dynasty]]. He ruled [[Kashmir]] from 855 to 883 CE and built the [[Avantiswami Temple]].<ref name="ASI"/>

==Reign==
Avantivarman was the grandson of Utpala, one of the five brothers who had taken control of the [[Karkota dynasty|Karkota]] throne. Raised by Utpala's minister Sura, Anantivarman ascended the throne of [[Kashmir]] on 855 CE, establishing the [[Utpala dynasty]] and ending the rule of the Karkotas. Avantivarman appointed Suyya, an engineer and architect as his prime minister.<ref name="Sen">{{cite book|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|first=Sailendra Nath|last=Sen|publisher=New Age International|year=1999|page=295|isbn=978-8122-411-98-0}}</ref> The country had been badly affected due to the numerous civil wars over the last forty years and Avantivarman's reign restored the economy. Suyya carried out desilting of the [[Jhelum river]] and diverted its course.<ref name="Suyya">{{cite book|title=Kashur The Kashmiri Speaking People: Analytical Perspective|first=Mohini Qasba|last=Raina|publisher=Partridge Publishing Singapore|year=2013|isbn=978-1482-899-47-4|page=9}}</ref>

==Arts and architecture==
Avantivarman was a patron of the arts and the most notable scholar of his time was Anandhavardana, the author of the ''Dhvanyaloka''. He founded the cities of [[Awantipora|Avantipur]] and [[Sopore|Suyapur]], which was named after Suyya.<ref name="Suyya"/> He built many [[Hindu temples]] dedicated to both [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]] as well as [[Buddhist monastery|Buddhist monasteries]].<ref name="Culture">{{cite book|title=Cultural heritage of Jammu and Kashmir|page=88|first=K|last=Warikoo|publisher=Pentagon Press|year=2009|isbn=978-8182-743-76-2}}</ref> Notable among the temples were the temples of [[Awanti Swami temple|Avantiswara and Avantiswami]] dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu respectively in Avantipur.<ref name="Culture"/> The reign of avantiverman witnessed a remarkable rivival of Sanskrit learning in Kashmir.He built a dam on vitasta river to save kingdom from devastating flood.

Notable books written during Avantivarman's reign include Haraviyaja written by Ratnakara and [[Dhvanyaloka]] written by [[Anandavardhana]].

==Death and succession==
Avantivarman died in 883 CE and his death was followed by another civil war among his descendants. The throne was finally captured by [[Sankaravarman]] in 885 CE, who ruled till 902 CE.<ref name="Sen"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avantivarman}}
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Utpala dynasty]]
[[Category:Kashmir]]

Avantivarman of Kashmir - Revision history

KJIMarquis: improve layout for clarity and added references

>Peter Ormond: /* Avantivarman of Kashmir */