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{{Short description|Pakistani general (1937–1993)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Asif Nawaz Janjua
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| honorific_suffix = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]], [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|HI(M)]], [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]], [[Psc (military)|psc]]
| image = Asif Nawaz Janjua.png
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| smallimage = 
| alt =
| caption =
| order = 4th [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]
| office =
| term_start = 16 August 1991
| term_end = 8 January 1993
| alongside = 
| monarch =
| president = [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]]
| governor_general =
| primeminister = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| taoiseach =
| chancellor =
| governor =
| vicepresident =
| viceprimeminister =
| deputy =
| lieutenant =
| succeeding = 
| parliamentarygroup =
| constituency =
| majority =
| predecessor = [[Mirza Aslam Beg]]
| successor = [[Abdul Waheed Kakar|Abdul Waheed]]
| prior_term =
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| governor_general2 = 
| primeminister2 = 
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| taoiseach2 = 
| governor2 = 
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| viceprimeminister2 = 
| deputy2 = 
| lieutenant2 = 
| succeeding2 = 
| predecessor2 = 
| successor2 = 
| parliamentarygroup2 = 
| constituency2 = 
| majority2 = 
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Asif Nawaz Janjua
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1937|1|3}}
| birth_place = [[Chakri Rajgan]] in [[Jhelum District]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]] {{small|(Now, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1993|1|8|1937|1|3}}
| death_place = [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi Cantt]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]] as a result of [[Arsenic poisoning]]
| resting_place =
| party =
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| relatives = {{ubl|Shuja Nawaz (brother)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/03-Oct-2015/pakistan-s-armed-forces-second-to-none |title='Pakistan's armed forces second to none' |work=DailyTimes |access-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309024500/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/03-Oct-2015/pakistan-s-armed-forces-second-to-none |archive-date=9 March 2016 }}</ref>|[[Amna Nawaz]] (niece)}}
| residence =
| education =
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Pakistan Military Academy]], [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]]|([[Master of Science|MSc]] in [[War studies]])}}
| occupation =
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| signature =
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| website = 
| nickname = ''Soldier's Soldier''
| allegiance = Pakistan
| branch = [[Pakistan Army]]
| serviceyears = 1955–93
| rank = [[General officer|General]]
| unit = [[19th Punjabis|5th]] [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]]
| commands = {{ubl|[[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]], [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]]|[[V Corps (Pakistan)|V Corps]] in [[Karachi]]|[[Commandaria|Cmdnt]] [[Pakistan Military Academy|PMA Kakul]]|[[General officer commanding|GOC]] [[7th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|7th Infantry Division]] in [[Peshawar]]|[[Chief of Staff|COS]] [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] in [[Mangla]]}}
| battles = {{ubl|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
*[[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
*[[Battle of Chamb]]
[[:Category:Terrorist incidents in Karachi|Political violence in Karachi]]
*[[Operation Blue Fox]]
[[Somali Civil War]]
*[[United Nations Operation in Somalia I|UNOSOM I]]}}
| mawards = {{ubl|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]|[[Sitara-e-Basalat|Sitara-e-Basalat with BAR]]|[[Sword of Honour (Pakistan)|Sword of Honour]]}}
| military_blank1 =
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}}

[[General (Pakistan)|General]] '''Asif Nawaz Janjua''' [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]], [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|HI(M)]], [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]], [[Psc (military)|psc]], ([[Urdu]]: {{nq|آصف نواز جنجوعہ}} ; 3 January 1937 – 8 January 1993) was a senior officer of the [[Pakistan Army]] who served as the fourth [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] from 16 August 1991 until his death by [[Arsenic poisoning]]. His family commissioned a private test on hair from his brush, which was conducted in the United States. The test registered high levels of [[Arsenic poisoning|arsenic]].<ref name="apnews.com">{{Cite web |title=General's Death Remains a Mystery in Pakistan |url=https://apnews.com/article/8003d8f23d78c1dbfe575bf0d2995352 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> As a result, his body was exhumed, and an [[autopsy]] was conducted by French, British, and American doctors. The cause of death was determined to be a heart attack, which can also be caused by exposure to low or mild levels of arsenic.<ref name="webmd.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/news/20130923/moderate-arsenic-in-environment-tied-to-higher-heart-attack-stroke-risk#:~:text=MONDAY%2C%20Sept.,study%20of%20American%20Indians%20suggests. | title=Moderate Arsenic in Environment Tied to Higher Heart Attack, Stroke Risk }}</ref> [[Benazir Bhutto]] also believed he was murdered by political opponents, namely [[Nawaz Sharif]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-10-06-mn-42835-story.html | title=Mystery Death of General Haunts Pakistan Elections | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=6 October 1993 }}</ref>

His tenure is regarded as having stabilised the [[Civilian control of the military|civilian control]] of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Pakistani military]]. He is one of four chiefs of staff who have died in office{{spaced ndash}} the others being Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] in 1975, General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] in 1988, and Air Chief Marshal [[Mushaf Ali Mir]] in 2002.<ref name="NYT">[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/09/world/gen-asif-nawaz-of-pakistan-56-a-champion-of-democracy-dies.html "Gen. Asif Nawaz of Pakistan, 56, A Champion of Democracy, Dies"] ''The New York Times'', 9 January 1993</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Air Force meets 294 accidents in almost 58 years |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/915311-indian-air-force-meets-294-accidents-in-almost-58-years |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life, and between the Indo-Pakistani wars (1965–71)===

Asif Nawaz Janjua was born in a small village, called [[Chakri Rajgan]], which is located in the [[Jhelum District]] in [[Punjab]] in Pakistan into a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] [[Janjua Rajput]] clan, on 31 January 1937.{{rp|81}}<ref name="Rowman & Littlefield, Burki, 2015">{{cite book|last1=Burki|first1=Shahid Javed|author-link1=Shahid Javed Burki|editor1-last=Woronov|editor1-first=Jon|title=Historical Dictionary of Pakistan|date=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|location=New York|isbn=9781442241480|pages=657|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rk-sBwAAQBAJ&q=asif%20nawaz%20born&pg=PA81|access-date=20 March 2018|language=en-us|format=google books|chapter={{small|§Asif Nawaz (1937-1993)}}}}</ref>{{rp|441}}<ref name="Oxford University Press, Nawaz, 2008">{{cite book|last1=Nawaz|first1=Shuja|title=Crossed swords : Pakistan, its army, and the wars within|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi|isbn=9780195476606|pages=665|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKyfAAAAMAAJ&q=Asif+Nawaz+rajput|access-date=20 March 2018|language=en-us|format=snippet view}}</ref>{{rp|29}} He was a [[military brat]] and his father, Raja Abdul Ghafoor Khan, had served as an [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] in the [[British Indian Army]], retiring at the rank of [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]].{{rp|441}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nawaz|first1=Shuja|title=Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195476606|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKyfAAAAMAAJ&q=Cambridge+School|language=en}}</ref>

He was educated at the [[St Mary's Cambridge School]] in [[Murree Road]] in [[Rawalpindi]]. Two [[Irish people|Irish]] teachers there who taught him the value of life and humanity, Father Francis and May Flanagan, had significant influence on his upbringing and future career.<ref name="The Independent, Pakistan Desk, 1993">{{cite news|last1=Ahmad|first1=Rashid|title=Obituary: General Asif Nawaz|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-general-asif-nawaz-1477887.html|access-date=20 March 2018|work=The Independent|agency=The Independent, Pakistan Desk|publisher=The Independent, Pakistan Desk|date=11 January 1993}}</ref> After his [[Matriculation in Pakistan|matriculation]], he went to join the [[Pakistan Military Academy]] in 1954, and was one of very few cadets to be selected to attend the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military Academy]] at [[Sandhurst, Berkshire|Sandhurst]] in the United Kingdom.{{rp|2}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Defence Journal|date=1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYXfAAAAMAAJ&q=1954|access-date=20 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> After completing his initial military training, he [[Passing out (military)|passed out]] from the academy in 1957 and was conferred the [[Sword of Honour (Sandhurst)|Sword of Honour]] by the academy's commandant.{{rp|441}}<ref name="Oxford University Press, Nawaz, 2008"/>

Upon returning to Pakistan, [[Second Lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Janjua joined the [[19th Punjabis|5th ''Sherdils'' Battalion]] of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]] on 31 March 1957.<ref name="ISPR (ARMY DIVISION)">{{cite web|title=COLONEL IN CHIEF – PUNJAB REGIMENT|url=http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/colonel-in-chief-punjab-regiment/|website=www.pakarmymuseum.com|publisher=ISPR (ARMY DIVISION)|access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref>

In 1965, [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] Nawaz saw action in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965 on the [[Line of Control|northern front]].{{rp|2}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Defence Journal|date=1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYXfAAAAMAAJ&q=1965+wars|access-date=21 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> In 1970–71, [[Major (British Army and Royal Marines)|Major]] Janjua was stationed with the [[Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command|Eastern Command]] in [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]], serving as a [[brigade major]] in the [[111th Infantry Brigade (Pakistan)|111th Infantry Brigade]].{{rp|316}}<ref name="Oxford University Press, Nawaz, 2008" /> In 1971, Major Janjua fought in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with India in 1971 after taking over the command of his [[19th Punjabis|5th Battalion]] and saw [[Battle of Chamb|combat in the Chamb sector]] against the [[Indian Army]].{{rp|441}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within|date=2008|isbn=9780195476606|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKyfAAAAMAAJ&q=Fazilka|access-date=21 March 2018|language=en|last1=Nawaz|first1=Shuja}}</ref>

After the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with India in 1971, Major Janjua continued his [[military service]] and graduated from the [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]] in [[Quetta]], where he excelled in his studies.{{rp|441}}<ref name="Excerpts from">{{cite book|title=Excerpts from Crossed Swords|isbn = 9780195476606|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKyfAAAAMAAJ&q=Fazilka&pg=PA441|access-date=21 March 2018|last1 = Nawaz|first1 = Shuja|year = 2022}}</ref> In 1976–77, [[Colonel|Col.]] Janjua attended the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] where he attained his [[Master of Science|MSc]] in [[War studies|War Studies]].{{rp|441}}<ref name="Excerpts from"/>

===War and command appointments in the military===

In 1977, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]] Janjua was appointed as [[Chief of Staff]] of the [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] stationed in [[Multan]] under the command of its field commander, [[Lieutenant-General|Lt-Gen.]] [[Muhammad Shariff|M. Shariff]].{{rp|441}}<ref name="Excerpts from"/> In 1982, he was promoted as [[two-star rank]] army general, and escaped from [[Martial law in Pakistan|martial law appointments]] by [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]].{{rp|81}}<ref name="Rowman & Littlefield, Burki, 2015" /> From 1982 to 1985, [[Major-General]] Janjua was posted in [[Peshawar Cantonment|Peshawar]] and served as the [[General officer commanding|GOC]] of the [[7th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|7th Infantry Division]], posted with the [[XI Corps (Pakistan)|XI Corps]].{{rp|81}}<ref name="Rowman & Littlefield, Burki, 2015" />

In 1985, [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] Janjua was appointed as [[Commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Military Academy]] in [[Kakul]] which he served until 1988.{{rp|81}}<ref name="Rowman & Littlefield, Burki, 2015" /> In 1988, he was among the last army generals who were approved for the [[three-star rank]] promotion by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Mohammad Khan Junejo|Mohammad Junejo]], and was appointed as Corps Commander of the Sindh-based [[V Corps (Pakistan)|V Corps]] by then-[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] Gen. [[Mirza Aslam Beg]].{{rp|81}}<ref name="Rowman & Littlefield, Burki, 2015" />

When General Nawaz took command of his Corps in Karachi it had begun to be embroiled in operations against [[Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan|MQM]] militants in the city. He would soon come to oversee law and order operations by his Corps in the disturbed city of Karachi. As V Corps was also responsible for security in all of Sindh, it had been embroiled in anti-dacoity and law and order operations in Sindh since the early 1980s. The province had destabilised in the wake of the anti-[[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] [[Movement for the Restoration of Democracy]].

In April 1991, [[Lieutenant-General|Lt-Gen.]] Janjua was moved to [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi]] when he was appointed at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] as the [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]] (CGS), the [[second-in-command]] of the army, under the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|army chief]] Gen. [[Mirza Aslam Beg]].<ref name="ARashid"/>

==Chief of Army Staff==
{{Main|Civilian control of the military|United Nations intervention in Somalia|Indo Pakistani relation|Operation Clean-up|News channels in Pakistan}}
In 1991, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]] approved the timely retirement of Gen. [[Mirza Aslam Beg]], and there were four senior army generals who were in the race for promotion to [[Four-star rank|four-star]] appointment in the [[Pakistani military]], included with seniority:

*[[Lieutenant-General|Lt-Gen.]] [[Asif Nawaz Janjua|Asif Nawaz]], the [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]] at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] based in [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi]].<ref name="Asia recorder"/>
*Lt-Gen. [[Shamim Alam Khan|Shamim Alam]], the field commander of the [[XXXI Corps (Pakistan)|XXXI Corps]], stationed in [[Bahawalpur]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan.<ref name="Asia recorder"/>
*Lt-Gen. [[Zulfiqar Akhtar Naz|Z.A. Naz]], the field commander of the [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]], stationed in [[Mangla]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan.<ref name="Asia recorder"/>
*Lt-Gen. [[Hamid Gul]], the field commander of the [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]], [[Multan]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan.<ref name="Asia recorder">''Asian recorder.'' Published by K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press, 1991</ref>

The senior most military officer in the military, Lt-Gen. Janjua's recommendation came from the former [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman joint chiefs]] Gen.[[Rahimuddin Khan]] when the second most senior military officer, Lt-Gen. [[Shamim Alam Khan|Shamim Alam]] was eventually elevated as the [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]].<ref>Nawaz, Crossed Swords, (2007)</ref> Lt-Gen. Janjua was confirmed to this four-star promotion by [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] on 11 June 1991.<ref name="ARashid">Ahmed Rashid. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-general-asif-nawaz-1477887.html "Obituary: General Asif Nawaz "] ''The Independent'', 11 January 1993</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5037/is_199106/ai_n18312067/ "New and improved"] ''The Economist'', June 1991</ref>

His command over the army came when the [[Pressler amendment|military embargo]] had been placed by the United States due to the suspicion about his country's [[Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction|clandestine atomic bomb program]].<ref name="NYT"/> Gen. Janjua immediately made a press release through the [[Inter-Services Public Relations|ISPR]] where he committed towards preventing [[Military interventionism|military interference]] in [[Politics of Pakistan|national politics]] when he noted that the "army's image had been tarnished and its officers corrupted in [[Martial law in Pakistan|Pakistan's 25 years of martial law]]."<ref name="NYT" /> Gen. Janjua, who had pro-western views, worked together with [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman joint chiefs]] [[Shamim Alam Khan|Gen. Shamim]] and his [[JS HQ (Pakistan)|JS HQ]] to improve [[Pakistan - US relations|bilateral relations]] between Pakistan and the United States when he agreed to [[Pakistan Armed Forces deployments|deploy]] the combat brigades of the [[Pakistan Army]] in [[Somalia]] as part of the [[United Nations intervention in Somalia|UN Mission]] to end the [[Somali Civil War|civil war in the country]].<ref name="NYT"/>

His political views reflected political [[liberalism]] and tried to improve the [[:Category:India–Pakistan military relations|military-to-military relations]] with the [[Indian Army]] when he successfully took Pakistan out of what he saw as the dead-end [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization|policy of Islamism]] by former conservative [[Zia ul-Haq|President Zia]].<ref name="ARashid"/> During Nawaz's tenure, the army took on the surprising role of becoming a protector of a free press and the liberal values of criticism.<ref name="ARashid"/>

As an army chief, Gen. Janjua played a crucial role in providing [[Military aid to the civil power|military aid]] to the civilian [[Government of Pakistan]] when he deployed the [[Pakistan Army Rangers]] to aid the [[Sindh Police]] against the [[Operation Blue Fox|dacoits and gangs]] in [[Karachi]] and rural [[Sindh]].<ref name="ARashid"/>

==Death and legacy==
Janjua died on 8 January 1993, while he was jogging near his home in [[Rawalpindi]]. The death was ruled a [[heart attack]], but his family commissioned a private test on hair from his brush, which was conducted in the United States. The test registered high levels of [[Arsenic poisoning|arsenic]].<ref name="apnews.com"/> As a result, his body was exhumed, and an [[autopsy]] was conducted by French, British, and American doctors. The cause of death was determined to be a heart attack; a heart attack can also be caused by exposure to low or mild levels of arsenic.<ref name="webmd.com"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/14/world/no-poison-found-in-pakistan-officer-s-body.html|title=No Poison Found in Pakistan Officer's Body|date=14 December 1993|agency=Reuters|access-date=8 March 2016|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> The family had demonstrated suspicion due to previous mysterious deaths among prominent Pakistanis. There had also been reports of differences between then Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] and the Army Chief, especially with regard to the [[Operation Clean-up|counterinsurgency operations]] that were being conducted in [[Karachi]].

Nawaz was succeeded by General [[Abdul Waheed Kakar]] as the next Army Chief.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four of 13 army chiefs were senior-most when appointed |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/168018-four-of-13-army-chiefs-were-senior-most-when-appointed |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Syed |first=Baqir Sajjad |date=2016-08-14 |title=Who will be the next army chief? |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1277442 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Former Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]], then described Asif Nawaz as "a true professional soldier," and further stated that "he did what he said he would do – he kept the army out of politics."<ref name="NYT"/> Unlike many of his predecessors, Asif Nawaz was incorruptible and often talked of how he would relax when he retired, unlike other generals who plunged into politics.<ref name="ARashid"/>

== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Basalat.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=10 years Service Medal (Pakistan Armed Forces).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=20 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=30 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Jamhuriat Tamgha 1988.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha Pakistan.svg|width=130}}
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
| colspan="2" |'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

(''Order of Excellence'')
| colspan="2" | '''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

(''Crescent of Excellence'')
|-
| colspan="1"| '''[[Sitara-e-Basalat]]'''
(''Star of Good Conduct'')

'''with BAR'''
| '''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War]]'''
(''War Star 1971'')
|'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War]]'''
(''War Medal 1965'')
| colspan="1" | '''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]'''
(''War Medal 1971'')
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|10 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|20 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|30 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]'''
'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''

(''100th Birth Anniversary of''

''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]'')

'''1976'''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Jamhuria]]'''
(''Republic Commemoration Medal'')

'''1956'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Hijri Tamgha]]'''
(''Hijri Medal'')

'''1979'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Jamhuriat Tamgha]]'''
(''Democracy Medal'')

'''1988'''
|colspan="1"| '''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha]]'''
(''Resolution Day''

''Golden Jubilee Medal'')

'''1990'''
|}

==Further reading==
* "[[Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within]] (Oxford Pakistan Paperbacks)" by Shuja Nawaz, Publisher: Oxford University Press
* {{Cite magazine|title=Night of the Generals|date=October 31, 1993|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19931031-mystery-shrouds-former-pak-army-chief-general-asif-nawaz-janjua-death-poisoning-suspected-811732-1993-10-31|first=Shekhar|last=Gupta|author-link=Shekhar Gupta|magazine=[[India Today]]}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100824194032/http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=152 Official profile at Pakistan Army website]

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Shamim Alam Khan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]]|years=1991}}
{{s-aft|after=Farrakh Khan}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mirza Aslam Beg]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]|years=1991–1993}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Abdul Waheed Kakar]]}}
{{end}}

{{Pakistan Army Staff Chief}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nawaz, Asif}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Jhelum]]
[[Category:Government Gordon College alumni]]
[[Category:Pakistan Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Punjab Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Pakistani prisoners of war]]
[[Category:National Defence University, Pakistan alumni]]
[[Category:National Defence University, Pakistan faculty]]
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]
[[Category:Pakistan Military Academy faculty]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani democracy activists]]
[[Category:People from Jhelum District]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Pakistan Command and Staff College alumni]]

Asif Nawaz Janjua - Revision history

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