Aryabhata (satellite) - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Spaceflight}}~~
	* [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes]]		* [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes]]

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	{{Indian spacecraft}}		{{Indian spacecraft}}
	{{Orbital launches in 1975}}		{{Orbital launches in 1975}}
	~~{{Portal bar\|Spaceflight \|India}}~~

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Aryabhata (Satellite)}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Aryabhata (Satellite)}}

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	'''Aryabhata''' was [[India]]'s first [[satellite]],<ref name=Brit>"Aryabhata" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica\|The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 611.</ref> named after [[Aryabhata\|the famous Indian astronomer.]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/aryabhata.aspx \|title=Aryabhata - The first indigenously built satellite}}</ref> It was launched on 19 April 1975<ref name="Brit" /> from [[Kapustin Yar]], a [[Soviet]] rocket launch and development site in [[Astrakhan Oblast]] using a [[Kosmos-3M]] launch vehicle. It was built by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation\|ISRO]], ~~but~~ launched ~~thanks to~~ the Soviet [[Interkosmos]] programme which provided access to space for friendly states.		'''Aryabhata''' was [[India]]'s first [[satellite]],<ref name=Brit>"Aryabhata" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica\|The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 611.</ref> named after [[Aryabhata\|the famous Indian astronomer.]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/aryabhata.aspx \|title=Aryabhata - The first indigenously built satellite}}</ref> It was launched on 19 April 1975<ref name="Brit" /> from [[Kapustin Yar]], a [[Soviet]] rocket launch and development site in [[Astrakhan Oblast]] using a [[Kosmos-3M]] launch vehicle. It was built by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation\|ISRO]], and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet [[Interkosmos]] programme which provided access to space for friendly states.

	==Launch==		==Launch==
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	{{Commons category\|Aryabhata (satellite)}}		{{Commons category\|Aryabhata (satellite)}}
	* [http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/aryabhata.html NASA HEASARC Page].		* [http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/aryabhata.html NASA HEASARC Page].
	* [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htm Astronautix Page]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020211065517/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htm Astronautix Page]
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027104057/http://geocities.com/hari_ghk/arya.htm India in Space Page]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027104057/http://geocities.com/hari_ghk/arya.htm India in Space Page]
	* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/SpacecraftQuery.jsp NSSDC Master Catalog Search]		* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/SpacecraftQuery.jsp NSSDC Master Catalog Search]

2405:204:328E:A9F7:7047:8694:91C0:8E51: Coloured picture of satelite should be given

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			{{short description\|India's first satellite}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2017}}
			{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2014}}
	{{Infobox spaceflight		{{Infobox spaceflight
	\| name = ~~Aryabhatta~~		\| name = Aryabhata
	\| image = Aryabhata Satellite.jpg		\| image = Aryabhata Satellite.jpg
	\| image_size = 270px		\| image_size = 270px
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	\| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation\|ISRO]]		\| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation\|ISRO]]
	\| website =		\| website =
	\| COSPAR_ID = ~~1965-033A~~		\| COSPAR_ID =
	\| ~~SATCAT~~ = ~~7752~~		\| Satcat =
	\| ~~mission_duration~~ = ~~4 days achieved~~		\| mission duration = Planned: 6 months <br /> Active till: {{time interval\| March 1981 \|19 April 1975 07:30\|show=ymd\|sep=,}}<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
	\| spacecraft_bus =		\| spacecraft_bus =
	\| manufacturer =		\| manufacturer =
	\| dry_mass =		\| dry_mass =
	\| launch_mass = 360~~ ~~kg ~~(794 lb)~~		\| launch_mass = {{Convert\|360\|kg\|lbs}}<ref name=Brit/><ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
	\| power = 46 watts		\| power = 46 watts<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
	\| launch_date ={{start-date\|19 April 1975, 07:30\|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name="launchlog">{{cite web\|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt\|title=Launch Log\|first=Jonathan\|last=McDowell\|work=Jonathan's Space Page\|~~accessdate~~=22 January 2014}}</ref>		\| launch_date ={{start-date\|19 April 1975, 07:30\|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name="launchlog">{{cite web\|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt\|title=Launch Log\|first=Jonathan\|last=McDowell\|work=Jonathan's Space Page\|access-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>
	\| launch_rocket = [[Kosmos-3M]]		\| launch_rocket = [[Kosmos-3M]]<ref name="AB_URSC">{{cite web \|title=Aryabhata \|url=https://www.ursc.gov.in/experimental-satellites/html/aryabhata.jsp \|website=URSC.gov.in \|access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref>
	\| launch_site = [[Kapustin Yar]] [[Kapustin Yar Site 107\|107/2]]		\| launch_site = [[Kapustin Yar]] [[Kapustin Yar Site 107\|107/2]]
	\| launch_contractor =		\| launch_contractor =
	\| last_contact = {{end-date\|~~24 April 1975~~}}		\| last_contact = {{end-date\| March 1981}}<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
	\| decay_date = 10 February 1992		\| decay_date = 10 February 1992<ref name="AB_ISRO">{{cite web \|title=Aryabhata \|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/aryabhata-1 \|website=ISRO.gov.in \|access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref>
	\| orbit_epoch = 19 May 1975<ref name="satcat">{{cite web\|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt\|title=Satellite Catalog\|first=Jonathan\|last=McDowell\|work=Jonathan's Space Page\|~~accessdate~~=22 January 2014}}</ref>		\| orbit_epoch = 19 May 1975<ref name="satcat">{{cite web\|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt\|title=Satellite Catalog\|first=Jonathan\|last=McDowell\|work=Jonathan's Space Page\|access-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>
	\| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit\|Geocentric]]		\| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit\|Geocentric]]
	\| orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit\|Low Earth]]		\| orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit\|Low Earth]]
	\| orbit_periapsis = {{convert\|~~568~~\|km\|mi}}		\| orbit_periapsis = {{convert\|563\|km\|mi}}<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
	\| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert\|~~611~~\|km\|mi}}		\| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert\|619\|km\|mi}}<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
	\| orbit_inclination = 50.6 degrees		\| orbit_inclination = 50.7 degrees<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
	\| orbit_period = 96.46 minutes		\| orbit_period = 96.46 minutes
	\| apsis = gee		\| apsis = gee
	}}		}}
	~~[[File:1984 CPA 5493.jpg\|thumb\|right\|1984 USSR stamp featuring [[Bhaskara (satellite)\|Bhaskara]]-I, Bhaskara-II and Aryabhata satellites]]~~
	'''Aryabhata''' was [[India]]'s first [[satellite (artificial)\|satellite]]. It got its name from the Indian [[astronomer]] of the same name.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/aryabhata.aspx \|title=Aryabhata - The first indigenously built satellite}}</ref>

	== ~~References =~~=		'''Aryabhata''' was [[India]]'s first [[satellite]],<ref name=Brit>"Aryabhata" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica\|The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 611.</ref> named after [[Aryabhata\|the famous Indian astronomer.]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/aryabhata.aspx \|title=Aryabhata - The first indigenously built satellite}}</ref> It was launched on 19 April 1975<ref name="Brit" /> from [[Kapustin Yar]], a [[Soviet]] rocket launch and development site in [[Astrakhan Oblast]] using a [[Kosmos-3M]] launch vehicle. It was built by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation\|ISRO]], but launched thanks to the Soviet [[Interkosmos]] programme which provided access to space for friendly states.
	~~{{reflist~~}}

	{{~~multistub~~\|~~sci~~\|~~Asia~~}}		==Launch==
			It was launched by India on 19 April 1975<ref name=Brit/> from [[Kapustin Yar]], a [[Russia]]n rocket launch and development site in [[Astrakhan Oblast]] using a [[Kosmos-3M]] launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by [[Udupi Ramachandra Rao\|UR Rao]] and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching various different Indian satellites.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Harvey\|first=Brian\|title=The Japanese and Indian space programmes : two roads into space\|date=2000\|publisher=Springer [u.a.]\|location=London [u.a.]\|isbn=1-85233-199-2\|page=133}}</ref>

	[[Category:Satellites]]		On 19 April 1975, the satellite's 96.46-minute orbit had an [[Apsis\|apogee]] of {{convert\|619\|km\|mi}} and a perigee of {{convert\|563\|km\|mi}}, at an inclination of 50.7 degrees.<ref name="satcat"/><ref name="AB_ISRO"/> It was built to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar physics. The spacecraft was a 26-sided polyhedron {{convert\|1.4\|m\|ft}} in diameter. All faces (except the top and bottom) were covered with solar cells.<ref name="AB_URSC"/> A power failure halted experiments after four days and 60 orbits with all signals from the spacecraft lost after five days of the operation.{{Citation needed\|date=August 2019}} Spacecraft mainframe remained active till March 1981.<ref name="AB_ISRO"/> Due to orbital decay the satellite entered Earth's atmosphere on 11 February 1992.<ref name="AB_ISRO"/>
	[[Category:~~India~~]]
			==Legacy==

			*It was named after the 5th century astronomer and mathematician from India by Aryabhatta.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Harvey\|first=Brian\|title=The Japanese and Indian Space Programmes: Two Roads into Space\|date=2000\|publisher=Springer\|location=London\|isbn=1-85233-199-2\|page=134}}</ref>
			* The satellite's image appeared on the reverse of [[Indian 2-rupee note\|Indian two rupee banknotes]] between 1976 and 1997 ([[Pick catalog]]).<ref name="AB_URSC"/>

			<gallery class="center" heights="200px" mode=packed>
			File:1984 CPA 5493.jpg\|1984 [[Stamps of the Soviet Union\|USSR stamp]] featuring [[Bhaskara (satellite)\|Bhaskara]]-I, Bhaskara-II and Aryabhata satellites
			File:2 Rupees (Reverse) Aryabhata.jpg\|Illustration of Aryabhata spacecraft on {{INR}}[[Indian 2-rupee note\|2 currency bill]]
			</gallery>

			==See also==
			{{Portal\|Spaceflight}}
			* [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes]]

			==References==
			{{Reflist\|30em}}

			==External links==
			{{Commons category\|Aryabhata (satellite)}}
			* [http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/aryabhata.html NASA HEASARC Page].
			* [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htm Astronautix Page]
			* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027104057/http://geocities.com/hari_ghk/arya.htm India in Space Page]
			* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/SpacecraftQuery.jsp NSSDC Master Catalog Search]

			{{Indian space programme}}
			{{Indian spacecraft}}
			{{Orbital launches in 1975}}
			{{Portal bar\|Spaceflight \|India}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Aryabhata (Satellite)}}
			[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1992]]
			[[Category:1975 in the Soviet Union]]
			[[Category:1975 in India]]
			[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
			[[Category:First artificial satellite of a country]]
			[[Category:Satellites of India]]
			[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1975]]

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2021-04-22T12:21:32Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:51, 22 April 2021
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simple>Djsasso at 17:38, 24 June 2019

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{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Aryabhatta
| image = Aryabhata Satellite.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| image_caption = File photo of Aryabhata, India's first indigenously built satellite.
| mission_type = [[Astrophysics]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| website =
| COSPAR_ID = 1965-033A
| SATCAT = 7752
| mission_duration = 4 days achieved
| spacecraft_bus =
| manufacturer =
| dry_mass =
| launch_mass = 360 kg (794 lb)
| power = 46 watts
| launch_date ={{start-date|19 April 1975, 07:30|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name="launchlog">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=22 January 2014}}</ref>
| launch_rocket = [[Kosmos-3M]]
| launch_site = [[Kapustin Yar]] [[Kapustin Yar Site 107|107/2]]
| launch_contractor =
| last_contact = {{end-date|24 April 1975}}
| decay_date = 10 February 1992
| orbit_epoch = 19 May 1975<ref name="satcat">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=22 January 2014}}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|568|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|611|km|mi}}
| orbit_inclination = 50.6 degrees
| orbit_period = 96.46 minutes
| apsis = gee
}}
[[File:1984 CPA 5493.jpg|thumb|right|1984 USSR stamp featuring [[Bhaskara (satellite)|Bhaskara]]-I, Bhaskara-II and Aryabhata satellites]]
'''Aryabhata''' was [[India]]'s first [[satellite (artificial)|satellite]]. It got its name from the Indian [[astronomer]] of the same name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/aryabhata.aspx |title=Aryabhata - The first indigenously built satellite}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{multistub|sci|Asia}}

[[Category:Satellites]]
[[Category:India]]