Arthur Barrett (Indian Army officer) - Revision history

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	==First World War and aftermath==		==First World War and aftermath==
	On the declaration of war on the [[Ottoman Empire]] in November 1914 Barrett was sent to [[Iraq\|Mesopotamia]] with his division and occupied the city of [[Basra]] later that month.<ref name=heath40/><ref>{{cite web\|last=Duffy\|first=Michael\|title=The Capture of Basra, 1914\|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/basra.htm\|work=www.firstworldwar.com}}</ref> Before the end of the year he had pushed forwards to occupy [[Al-Qurnah]].<ref name=heath40/> When the troops in Mesopotamia were reorganised as a [[corps]] under [[John Nixon (Indian Army officer)\|John Nixon]] in 1915 he retained command of the 6th Division, but soon resigned due to ill-health, passing command to [[Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend\|Charles Townshend]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/to60-001.htm\|title=Charles Townshend\|publisher=Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives\|accessdate=27 May ~~2022~~}}</ref> He returned to India, was appointed [[Order of the Star of India\|Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (KCSI), and became [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Northern Command (India)\|Northern Army]] on 31 May 1916.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30126\|date=12 June 1917\|page=5743}}</ref> He commanded operations against the [[Mahsud]]s in March to August 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30629\|date=12 April 1918\|page=4502\|supp=y}}</ref> Promoted to full [[general]] on 1 August 1917,<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30293\|supp=y\|date=18 September 1917\|page=9722}}</ref> he was appointed [[Aide-de-camp\|ADC General]] to [[George V\|the King]] on 3 November 1917<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30365\|date=2 November 1917\|page=11361}}</ref> and was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 1918 [[King's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30723\|supp=y\|date=31 May 1918\|page=6527}}</ref>		On the declaration of war on the [[Ottoman Empire]] in November 1914 Barrett was sent to [[Iraq\|Mesopotamia]] with his division and occupied the city of [[Basra]] later that month.<ref name=heath40/><ref>{{cite web\|last=Duffy\|first=Michael\|title=The Capture of Basra, 1914\|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/basra.htm\|work=www.firstworldwar.com}}</ref> Before the end of the year he had pushed forwards to occupy [[Al-Qurnah]].<ref name=heath40/> When the troops in Mesopotamia were reorganised as a [[corps]] under [[John Nixon (Indian Army officer)\|John Nixon]] in 1915 he retained command of the 6th Division, but soon resigned due to ill-health, passing command to [[Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend\|Charles Townshend]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/to60-001.htm\|title=Charles Townshend\|publisher=Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives\|accessdate=27 May 2013}}</ref> He returned to India, was appointed [[Order of the Star of India\|Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (KCSI), and became [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Northern Command (India)\|Northern Army]] on 31 May 1916.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30126\|date=12 June 1917\|page=5743}}</ref> He commanded operations against the [[Mahsud]]s in March to August 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30629\|date=12 April 1918\|page=4502\|supp=y}}</ref> Promoted to full [[general]] on 1 August 1917,<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30293\|supp=y\|date=18 September 1917\|page=9722}}</ref> he was appointed [[Aide-de-camp\|ADC General]] to [[George V\|the King]] on 3 November 1917<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30365\|date=2 November 1917\|page=11361}}</ref> and was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 1918 [[King's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=30723\|supp=y\|date=31 May 1918\|page=6527}}</ref>
	[[File:Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q25671.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Barratt, in his capacity as General Officer Commanding the Poona Division, captured the City of Basra in November 1914]]		[[File:Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q25671.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Barratt, in his capacity as General Officer Commanding the Poona Division, captured the City of Basra in November 1914]]
	When the [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] broke out in May 1919 Barrett was given command of the North-West Frontier Force and was the senior officer on the ground throughout the war.<ref name=heath40/> He was promoted to Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) on 1 January 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=32001\|supp=y\|date=30 July 1920\|page=8049}}</ref>		When the [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] broke out in May 1919 Barrett was given command of the North-West Frontier Force and was the senior officer on the ground throughout the war.<ref name=heath40/> He was promoted to Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) on 1 January 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=32001\|supp=y\|date=30 July 1920\|page=8049}}</ref>

	==Retirement==		==Retirement==
	Barrett retired from the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]] on 31 May 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=32254\|date=11 March 1921\|page=~~2022~~}}</ref> He was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)\|field marshal]] on 12 April 1921<ref name=heath40/> and received the [[Japan]]ese [[Order of the Rising Sun]] 1st Class on 19 August 1921.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=32428\|supp=y\|date=19 August 1921\|page=6569}}</ref> He died at his home in [[Sharnbrook]], [[Bedfordshire]] on 20 October 1926.<ref name=heath41>Heathcote, p. 41</ref>		Barrett retired from the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]] on 31 May 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=32254\|date=11 March 1921\|page=2002}}</ref> He was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)\|field marshal]] on 12 April 1921<ref name=heath40/> and received the [[Japan]]ese [[Order of the Rising Sun]] 1st Class on 19 August 1921.<ref>{{London Gazette\|issue=32428\|supp=y\|date=19 August 1921\|page=6569}}</ref> He died at his home in [[Sharnbrook]], [[Bedfordshire]] on 20 October 1926.<ref name=heath41>Heathcote, p. 41</ref>

	==Family==		==Family==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Sir Arthur Barrett
| image = Field Marshal Sir Arthur Barrett.jpg
| caption = Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Barrett c.1915
| birth_date = {{birth-date|3 June 1857}}
| birth_place = [[Carshalton]], [[Surrey]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1926|10|20|1857|06|03}}
| death_place = [[Sharnbrook]], [[Bedfordshire]]
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| branch = [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]
| serviceyears = 1875–1920
| rank = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| unit =
| commands = [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Army, India]]
| battles = [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] [[Hunza-Nagar Campaign]] [[First World War]] [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]]
| awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of India]] [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}

[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Arthur Arnold Barrett''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCSI|KCVO|ADC}} (3 June 1857 – 20 October 1926) was a British officer of the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]. He saw action at the [[Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment]] in December 1879 and at the [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)|Battle of Kandahar]] in September 1880 during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and went on to serve in the [[Hunza-Nagar Campaign]] in 1891. During the [[First World War]] he was General Officer Commanding the [[Indian 6th Infantry Division|Poona Division]] which successfully took [[Basra]] in [[Iraq|Mesopotamia]] in November 1914 and then [[Al-Qurnah]] in Mesopotamia in December 1914. He spent the rest of the War commanding the [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Army]] in which role he took part in operations against the [[Mahsud]]s in Spring 1917. He saw action again as the senior British officer on the ground during the [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] in 1919 before retiring in May 1920.

==Early life and service==
Born the son of Alfred Barrett (a clergyman) and Emma Barrett (née Collins), Barrett was commissioned [[Sub-Lieutenant#British Army|sub-lieutenant]] in the [[44th Regiment of Foot]] on 10 September 1875<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24244|date=10 September 1875|page=4452}}</ref> and immediately sailed to join his [[regiment]] in [[Secunderabad]], [[India]].<ref name=heath39>Heathcote, p. 39</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] in June 1878 with seniority backdated to the date of his commission.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24599|date=28 June 1878|page=3835}}</ref> He transferred from the 44th Foot<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24715|date=29 April 1879|page=3056}}</ref> to the [[Indian Staff Corps]] on 17 January 1879<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24861|date=6 July 1880|page=3812}}</ref> and was posted to the 3rd Sikhs, a regiment of the Punjab Frontier Force, and saw action at the [[Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment]] in December 1879 and at the [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)|Battle of Kandahar]] in September 1880 during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]].<ref name=heath39/>

Barrett transferred to the 1st battalion the [[5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)|5th Gurkha Rifles]] in 1882 and, having been promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 10 September 1886,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25649|date=26 November 1886|page=5795}}</ref> he took part in the [[Hunza-Nagar Campaign]] in 1891.<ref name=heath39/>

==Later service in India==
Promoted to [[major]] on 10 September 1895,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26682|date=22 November 1895|page=6356}}</ref> Barrett became deputy assistant quartermaster-general and then assistant quartermaster-general of the large force mobilised for the [[Tirah Campaign]] in 1897.<ref name=heath39/> He was [[mentioned in dispatches]] and promoted to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] [[lieutenant-colonel]] on 20 May 1898<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26968|date=20 May 1898|page=3167}}</ref> on appointment as assistant adjutant-general of the Punjab Frontier Force.<ref name=heath40>Heathcote, p. 40</ref> He became Commanding Officer of the 1st battalion the [[5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)|5th Gurkha Rifles]] in 1899 and received promotion to the substantive rank of lieutenant-colonel on 10 September 1901<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27380|date=26 November 1901|page=8094}}</ref> and to brevet [[colonel]] on 11 October 1902.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27494|date=11 November 1902|page=7168}}</ref> He was appointed [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]] (CB) in 1903 and became deputy adjutant-general at [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] in India with the substantive rank of colonel on 20 February 1905.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27823|date=1 August 1905|page=5299}}</ref> He was promoted [[major-general]] on 1 December 1906<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28001|date=5 March 1907|page=1576}}</ref> and given command of the [[Nowshera Brigade]] on 29 March 1907.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28028|date=7 June 1907|page=3937}}</ref> He commanded the second [[brigade]] in the [[Bazar Valley Campaign]] in February 1908 and operations against the [[Mohmand]]s a few months later<ref name=heath40/> and for this he was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 14 August 1908.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28168|supp=y|date=14 August 1908|page=6066}}</ref> He was appointed [[Adjutant-General (India)|Adjutant-General, India]] on 1 April 1909<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28264|date=25 June 1909|page=4862}}</ref> and, having been promoted to [[lieutenant general]] on 23 October 1911,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28575|date=26 January 1912|page=646}}</ref> he was given command of the [[Indian 6th Infantry Division|Poona Division]] on 21 February 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28604|date=3 May 1912|page=3185}}</ref> He was appointed [[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] (KCVO) on 14 January 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28580|date=13 February 1912|page=104}}</ref>

==First World War and aftermath==
On the declaration of war on the [[Ottoman Empire]] in November 1914 Barrett was sent to [[Iraq|Mesopotamia]] with his division and occupied the city of [[Basra]] later that month.<ref name=heath40/><ref>{{cite web|last=Duffy|first=Michael|title=The Capture of Basra, 1914|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/basra.htm|work=www.firstworldwar.com}}</ref> Before the end of the year he had pushed forwards to occupy [[Al-Qurnah]].<ref name=heath40/> When the troops in Mesopotamia were reorganised as a [[corps]] under [[John Nixon (Indian Army officer)|John Nixon]] in 1915 he retained command of the 6th Division, but soon resigned due to ill-health, passing command to [[Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend|Charles Townshend]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/to60-001.htm|title=Charles Townshend|publisher=Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives|accessdate=27 May 2022}}</ref> He returned to India, was appointed [[Order of the Star of India|Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (KCSI), and became [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Army]] on 31 May 1916.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30126|date=12 June 1917|page=5743}}</ref> He commanded operations against the [[Mahsud]]s in March to August 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30629|date=12 April 1918|page=4502|supp=y}}</ref> Promoted to full [[general]] on 1 August 1917,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30293|supp=y|date=18 September 1917|page=9722}}</ref> he was appointed [[Aide-de-camp|ADC General]] to [[George V|the King]] on 3 November 1917<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30365|date=2 November 1917|page=11361}}</ref> and was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 1918 [[King's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30723|supp=y|date=31 May 1918|page=6527}}</ref>
[[File:Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q25671.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Barratt, in his capacity as General Officer Commanding the Poona Division, captured the City of Basra in November 1914]]
When the [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] broke out in May 1919 Barrett was given command of the North-West Frontier Force and was the senior officer on the ground throughout the war.<ref name=heath40/> He was promoted to Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) on 1 January 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32001|supp=y|date=30 July 1920|page=8049}}</ref>

==Retirement==
Barrett retired from the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] on 31 May 1920.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32254|date=11 March 1921|page=2022}}</ref> He was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 12 April 1921<ref name=heath40/> and received the [[Japan]]ese [[Order of the Rising Sun]] 1st Class on 19 August 1921.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32428|supp=y|date=19 August 1921|page=6569}}</ref> He died at his home in [[Sharnbrook]], [[Bedfordshire]] on 20 October 1926.<ref name=heath41>Heathcote, p. 41</ref>

==Family==
In 1894 Barrett married Mary Haye; they had one daughter.<ref name=heath41/> After his first wife died he married Ella Lafone in 1907; they had no children.<ref name=heath41/>

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book| first=Tony| last=Heathcote|title=The British Field Marshals 1736–1997| publisher=Pen & Sword| location=Barnsley (UK)| year=1999| isbn=0-85052-696-5}}

==Further reading==
* Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 21 October 1926

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert Scallon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Adjutant-General (India)|Adjutant-General, India]]|years=1909–1912}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet|Fenton Aylmer]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[John Nixon (Indian Army officer)|Sir John Nixon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Northern Command (India)|GOC-in-C, Northern Army, India]]|years=1916–1920}}
{{s-aft|after=[[William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood|Sir William Birdwood]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Anglo-Afghan War}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barrett, Arthur}}
[[Category:1857 births]]
[[Category:1926 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Carshalton]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:Indian Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:44th Regiment of Foot officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Hunza-Naga Campaign]]
[[Category:Indian Staff Corps officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Surrey]]