Arora - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:23, 1 January 2022
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	\|religions= [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]]		\|religions= [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]]
	\|region = Primarily the Punjab region of India and Pakistan		\|region = Primarily the Punjab region of India and Pakistan
	\| related= [[Khatri]] • [[~~Bhatia_caste~~\|Bhatia]] • [[Sood]]		\| related= [[Khatri]] • [[Bhatia caste\|Bhatia]] • [[Sood]]
	}}		}}

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	==Occupation and demographics==		==Occupation and demographics==

	According to the Commission Reports by [[Magistrate\|Justice]] Gurnam Singh (1990) and [[Magistrate\|Justice]] K.C. Gupta (2012), Arora is a [[forward caste]] socially, educationally and economically. It was reported that "despite of being uprooted from their homeland", Arora community has high [[Literacy\|literacy rate]]. An economic survey conducted by [[Maharshi Dayanand University\|Maharishi Dayanand University]] states that Arora/Khatri people have good representation both in government as well as private sector. They are both in business, services and other fields. They are "economically well-off and not dependent on money-lending or shopkeeping". They are engaged as "[[Physician\|doctors]], [[~~Engineer\|engineers~~]], [[Public administration\|administrators]] and are represented in [[White-collar worker\|white-collar jobs]]". The Arora were divided in two main sub groups, namely [[Hindus\|Hindu]] Arora and [[Sikhs\|Sikh]] Arora depending upon the religion pursued.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Government of Haryana\|first=Department of Welfare\|title=Report of Backward Classes Commission\|url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012\|url-status=live\|archive-url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/\|archive-date=15 May 2021\|access-date=15 May 2021\|website=Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department\|pages=~~135-136~~}}</ref>		According to the Commission Reports by [[Magistrate\|Justice]] Gurnam Singh (1990) and [[Magistrate\|Justice]] K.C. Gupta (2012), Arora is a [[forward caste]] socially, educationally and economically. It was reported that "despite of being uprooted from their homeland", Arora community has high [[Literacy\|literacy rate]]. An economic survey conducted by [[Maharshi Dayanand University\|Maharishi Dayanand University]] states that Arora/Khatri people have good representation both in government as well as private sector. They are both in business, services and other fields. They are "economically well-off and not dependent on money-lending or shopkeeping". They are engaged as "[[Physician\|doctors]], [[engineer]]s, [[Public administration\|administrators]] and are represented in [[White-collar worker\|white-collar jobs]]". The Arora were divided in two main sub groups, namely [[Hindus\|Hindu]] Arora and [[Sikhs\|Sikh]] Arora depending upon the religion pursued.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Government of Haryana\|first=Department of Welfare\|title=Report of Backward Classes Commission\|url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012\|url-status=live\|archive-url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/\|archive-date=15 May 2021\|access-date=15 May 2021\|website=Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department\|pages=135–136}}</ref>

	The ''Hoshiarpur Gazetteer'' says: {{quote\|Before independence, the Aroras did not constitute a sizeable population in the district. With the migration of the non-Muslim population from Pakistan to India in 1947, they settled here, though in small numbers. The Aroras were generally settled in West Punjab (Pakistan) and in the Firozepur District. Their representation in the eastern districts of the Punjab was not notable. Whatever be their origin, the fact is that they resemble Khatris in certain traits. They are also divided into many groups and castes, Uchanda, Nichanda, etc., but in social life, these groups are of no importance. They intermarry in their groups like others. They also intermarry among Khatris. In the All-India meeting in 1936, held by the Khatris at Lahore (Pakistan), it was decided that the Aroras, Soods and Bhatias were Khatri for all intents and purposes. And, as such, they should be admitted to the Khatri stock. This interpretation did not find much favour then, but with the lapse of time, it has almost been accepted.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm \|title=Chapter Iii<!-- Bot generated title --> \|access-date=21 November 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024205011/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm \|archive-date=24 October 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>}}		The ''Hoshiarpur Gazetteer'' says: {{quote\|Before independence, the Aroras did not constitute a sizeable population in the district. With the migration of the non-Muslim population from Pakistan to India in 1947, they settled here, though in small numbers. The Aroras were generally settled in West Punjab (Pakistan) and in the Firozepur District. Their representation in the eastern districts of the Punjab was not notable. Whatever be their origin, the fact is that they resemble Khatris in certain traits. They are also divided into many groups and castes, Uchanda, Nichanda, etc., but in social life, these groups are of no importance. They intermarry in their groups like others. They also intermarry among Khatris. In the All-India meeting in 1936, held by the Khatris at Lahore (Pakistan), it was decided that the Aroras, Soods and Bhatias were Khatri for all intents and purposes. And, as such, they should be admitted to the Khatri stock. This interpretation did not find much favour then, but with the lapse of time, it has almost been accepted.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm \|title=Chapter Iii<!-- Bot generated title --> \|access-date=21 November 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024205011/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm \|archive-date=24 October 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
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	[[Uttaradhi Arora\|Uttaradhi]] (north), Dakhanadhi (south) and Dahre (west) are three major sub-groups of the Arora people based on territorial differentiations.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Surely Kumar\|title=People of India: India's communities\|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India\|year=1997\|location=Kolkata\|pages=126}}</ref> Before the independence of India, Arora used to marry in their own sub-group i.e. Uttradhi, Dakkhna or Dahra but after the independence, spheres of permissible arranged matrimonial alliances were widened to include other sub-groups of Arora.<ref name=DistGazAmritsar>{{cite web \|url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm \|title=Religions And Castes \|work=District Gazetteer - Amritsar \|year=1976 \|publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab \|access-date=23 October 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235916/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm \|archive-date=26 September 2007 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		[[Uttaradhi Arora\|Uttaradhi]] (north), Dakhanadhi (south) and Dahre (west) are three major sub-groups of the Arora people based on territorial differentiations.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Surely Kumar\|title=People of India: India's communities\|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India\|year=1997\|location=Kolkata\|pages=126}}</ref> Before the independence of India, Arora used to marry in their own sub-group i.e. Uttradhi, Dakkhna or Dahra but after the independence, spheres of permissible arranged matrimonial alliances were widened to include other sub-groups of Arora.<ref name=DistGazAmritsar>{{cite web \|url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm \|title=Religions And Castes \|work=District Gazetteer - Amritsar \|year=1976 \|publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab \|access-date=23 October 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235916/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm \|archive-date=26 September 2007 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

	In the census of 1951, Aroras that were settled in Punjab returned their caste names as Khatris, Arora Khatris, Arore, Rore, Aror, Rora Khatris, Aror Khatris etc. Some of the Aroras simply returned their caste names with Arora sub-caste names such as Arya, Ahuja, Batheja, Bathla, Chawla, Chabbra, Juneja, Jadeja, Taneja, Upneja, Wadhwa etc. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web\|last=Government of India\|first=Deputy Registrar General\|date=23 August 1956\|title=GLOSSARY OR CASTE NAMES RETURNED AT THE CENSUS OF 1951 IN THE DISTRICTS OF PEPSU\|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7127/1/47712%20_1951_GLO.pdf\|url-status=live\|archive-url=http://lsi.gov.in\|archive-date=23 August 1956\|access-date=4 May 2021\|website=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref>		In the census of 1951, Aroras that were settled in Punjab returned their caste names as Khatris, Arora Khatris, Arore, Rore, Aror, Rora Khatris, Aror Khatris etc. Some of the Aroras simply returned their caste names with Arora sub-caste names such as Arya, Ahuja, Batheja, Bathla, Chawla, Chabbra, Juneja, Jadeja, Taneja, Upneja, Wadhwa etc.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web\|last=Government of India\|first=Deputy Registrar General\|date=23 August 1956\|title=GLOSSARY OR CASTE NAMES RETURNED AT THE CENSUS OF 1951 IN THE DISTRICTS OF PEPSU\|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7127/1/47712%20_1951_GLO.pdf\|url-status=live\|archive-url=http://lsi.gov.in\|archive-date=23 August 1956\|access-date=4 May 2021\|website=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref>
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2021-07-03T14:38:05Z

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{{short description|Community in India}}
{{Other uses}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name=Arora
| languages = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
|religions= [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]]
|region = Primarily the Punjab region of India and Pakistan
| related= [[Khatri]] • [[Bhatia_caste|Bhatia]] • [[Sood]]
}}

The '''Arora''' is a community originating from the [[Punjab]] and [[Sindh]] region of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. The name is derived from their native place [[Aror]] (capital of [[Sauvira Kingdom]]) and the community comprises both Hindus and Sikhs.<ref name = "one">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AyDDQAAQBAJ&q=Aror| title=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland| isbn=9780192527479|via=books.google.com| last1=Hanks| first1=Patrick| last2=Coates| first2=Richard| last3=McClure| first3=Peter| date=17 November 2016}}</ref> Scott Cameron Levi, believes that they are a "sub-caste of the [[Khatri]]s".{{sfnp|Levi|2002|p=107|ps=}} After [[Partition of India]], Punjabis who migrated from erstwhile Punjab were mostly Khatris and Aroras. Studies reveal that "Arora Khatri, Bedi, Ahluwalia etc. are some of the important castes among the [[Punjabis]]".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Government of Haryana|first=Department of Welfare|title=Report of Backward Classes Commission|url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012|url-status=live|archive-url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/|archive-date=15 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|website=Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department|pages=05,135}}</ref>

[[File:Суккур.jpg|thumb|The town of [[Rohri]] in [[Sukkur District]] of [[Sindh]] as sketched in 1842]]

==Occupation and demographics==

According to the Commission Reports by [[Magistrate|Justice]] Gurnam Singh (1990) and [[Magistrate|Justice]] K.C. Gupta (2012), Arora is a [[forward caste]] socially, educationally and economically. It was reported that "despite of being uprooted from their homeland", Arora community has high [[Literacy|literacy rate]]. An economic survey conducted by [[Maharshi Dayanand University|Maharishi Dayanand University]] states that Arora/Khatri people have good representation both in government as well as private sector. They are both in business, services and other fields. They are "economically well-off and not dependent on money-lending or shopkeeping". They are engaged as "[[Physician|doctors]], [[Engineer|engineers]], [[Public administration|administrators]] and are represented in [[White-collar worker|white-collar jobs]]". The Arora were divided in two main sub groups, namely [[Hindus|Hindu]] Arora and [[Sikhs|Sikh]] Arora depending upon the religion pursued.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Government of Haryana|first=Department of Welfare|title=Report of Backward Classes Commission|url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012|url-status=live|archive-url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/|archive-date=15 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|website=Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department|pages=135-136}}</ref>

The ''Hoshiarpur Gazetteer'' says: {{quote|Before independence, the Aroras did not constitute a sizeable population in the district. With the migration of the non-Muslim population from Pakistan to India in 1947, they settled here, though in small numbers. The Aroras were generally settled in West Punjab (Pakistan) and in the Firozepur District. Their representation in the eastern districts of the Punjab was not notable. Whatever be their origin, the fact is that they resemble Khatris in certain traits. They are also divided into many groups and castes, Uchanda, Nichanda, etc., but in social life, these groups are of no importance. They intermarry in their groups like others. They also intermarry among Khatris. In the All-India meeting in 1936, held by the Khatris at Lahore (Pakistan), it was decided that the Aroras, Soods and Bhatias were Khatri for all intents and purposes. And, as such, they should be admitted to the Khatri stock. This interpretation did not find much favour then, but with the lapse of time, it has almost been accepted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm |title=Chapter Iii |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024205011/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm |archive-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

[[Uttaradhi Arora|Uttaradhi]] (north), Dakhanadhi (south) and Dahre (west) are three major sub-groups of the Arora people based on territorial differentiations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Surely Kumar|title=People of India: India's communities|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|year=1997|location=Kolkata|pages=126}}</ref> Before the independence of India, Arora used to marry in their own sub-group i.e. Uttradhi, Dakkhna or Dahra but after the independence, spheres of permissible arranged matrimonial alliances were widened to include other sub-groups of Arora.<ref name=DistGazAmritsar>{{cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm |title=Religions And Castes |work=District Gazetteer - Amritsar |year=1976 |publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab |access-date=23 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235916/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm |archive-date=26 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the census of 1951, Aroras that were settled in Punjab returned their caste names as Khatris, Arora Khatris, Arore, Rore, Aror, Rora Khatris, Aror Khatris etc. Some of the Aroras simply returned their caste names with Arora sub-caste names such as Arya, Ahuja, Batheja, Bathla, Chawla, Chabbra, Juneja, Jadeja, Taneja, Upneja, Wadhwa etc. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Government of India|first=Deputy Registrar General|date=23 August 1956|title=GLOSSARY OR CASTE NAMES RETURNED AT THE CENSUS OF 1951 IN THE DISTRICTS OF PEPSU|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7127/1/47712%20_1951_GLO.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=http://lsi.gov.in|archive-date=23 August 1956|access-date=4 May 2021|website=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref>
#

==See also==
*[[Arora (surname)]]

==References==
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}
'''Bibliography'''
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation |title=The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550–1900 |first=Scott Cameron |last=Levi |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12320-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qVkNBge8mIC |access-date=23 October 2011}}
{{refend}}

{{Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab}}

[[Category:Hindu communities]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Arora clans| ]]
[[Category:Indian surnames]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:21, 20 September 2026
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	{{distinguish\|Aurora}}		{{distinguish\|Aurora}}
	{{Other uses}}		{{Other uses}}
	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{EngvarB\|date=April 2024}}		{{EngvarB\|date=April 2024}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2024}}