Ardās - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|~~prayer~~ in Sikhism}}		{{Short description\|Prayer in Sikhism}}
	{{About\|the Sikh prayer\|the practice\|Ardaas}}		{{About\|the Sikh prayer\|the [[Balmiki]] practice\|Ardaas}}
	[[Image:BhaiSahibJiArdas.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Norang Singh, current head of [[Guru Nanak NSJ, Handsworth]], doing Ardās]]		[[Image:BhaiSahibJiArdas.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Norang Singh, current head of [[Guru Nanak NSJ, Handsworth]], doing Ardās]]
	{{Sikh practices}}		{{Sikh practices}}
	The '''Ardās''' ({{~~lang-~~pa\|ਅਰਦਾਸ}}) is a set [[prayer]] in [[Sikhism]].<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name=britgurudwara/> It is a part of worship service in a [[Gurdwara]] (Sikh temple), daily rituals such as the opening the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' for ''prakash'' (morning light) or closing it for ''sukhasan'' (night bedroom) in larger Gurdwaras, closing of congregational worship in smaller Gurdwaras, rites-of-passages such as with the naming of child or the cremation of a loved one, [[Nitnem\|daily prayer]] by devout Sikhs and any significant Sikh ceremonies.<ref name="Cole2004p8"/>		The '''Ardās''' ({{langx\|pa\|ਅਰਦਾਸ}}, pronunciation: {{IPA\|pa\|ǝɾd̪äːs\|}}) is a set [[prayer]] in [[Sikhism]].<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name=britgurudwara/> It is a part of worship service in a [[Gurdwara]] (Sikh temple), daily rituals such as the opening the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' for ''prakash'' (morning light) or closing it for ''sukhasan'' (night bedroom) in larger Gurdwaras, closing of congregational worship in smaller Gurdwaras, rites-of-passages such as with the naming of child or the cremation of a loved one, [[Nitnem\|daily prayer]] by devout Sikhs and any significant Sikh ceremonies.<ref name="Cole2004p8"/>

	An Ardas consists of three parts. The first part recites the virtues of the ten Gurus of Sikhism from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, starting with lines from ''[[Chandi di Var]]'' from the ''[[Dasam Granth]]''.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The second part recites the trials and triumphs of the [[Khalsa]] and petition.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The third salutes the divine name.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The first and the third part are set and cannot be changed, while the second part may vary, be shortened and include a supplication such as seeking divine help or blessing in dealing with daily problems, but is usually in agreed form. While it is sung, the audience or the Sikh devotee typically stands, with hands ~~clasped in the folded [[namaste]] gesture~~, many with bowed headed, with some typically saying "Waheguru" after certain sections.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8">{{cite book\|author=W. Owen Cole\|title=Understanding Sikhism\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohYwDwAAQBAJ \|year=2004\|publisher=Dunedin Academic Press\|isbn=978-1-906716-91-2\|pages=8, 18, 104, 111–124, 166–175}}</ref><ref name=britgurudwara>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/gurdwara Gurdwara], Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref><ref>''MacAuliffe, 1909, p. 331''</ref>		An Ardas consists of three parts. The first part recites the virtues of the ten Gurus of Sikhism from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, starting with lines from ''[[Chandi di Var]]'' from the ''[[Dasam Granth]]''.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The second part recites the trials and triumphs of the [[Khalsa]] and petition.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The third salutes the divine name.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The first and the third part are set and cannot be changed, while the second part may vary, be shortened and include a supplication such as seeking divine help or blessing in dealing with daily problems, but is usually in agreed form. While it is sung, the audience or the Sikh devotee typically stands, with folded hands, many with bowed headed, with some typically saying "Waheguru" after certain sections.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8">{{cite book\|author=W. Owen Cole\|title=Understanding Sikhism\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohYwDwAAQBAJ\|year=2004\|publisher=Dunedin Academic Press\|isbn=978-1-906716-91-2\|pages=8, 18, 104, 111–124, 166–175}}{{Dead link\|date=September 2023 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=britgurudwara>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/gurdwara Gurdwara], Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref><ref>''MacAuliffe, 1909, p. 331''</ref>

	Ardas is attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, the founder of the Khalsa and the 10th Guru of Sikhism.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/>		Ardas is attributed to [[Guru Gobind Singh]], the founder of the Khalsa and the 10th Guru of Sikhism.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/>

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
	The root of the word Ardas is related to the Sanskrit word ''ard'' (अर्द) which means "request, ask, beg".~~<ref name="Cole2004p8"/>~~ It is also related to the Persian word ''arzdasht'' which means a written "petition made by an inferior to a superior".<ref ~~name~~=~~"Cole2004p8"~~/>		The root of the word Ardas is related to the Sanskrit word {{Lang\|sa-Latn\|ard}} ({{Lang\|sa\|अर्द}}) which means "request, ask, beg". It is also related to the Persian word {{Lang\|fa-Latn\|arzdasht}} which means a written "petition made by an inferior to a superior".<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Cole\|first=W.Owen\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iup5q1wESdcC&pg=PA186\|title=Six Religions in the Twenty-first Century\|publisher=Stanley Thomas\|pages=186}}</ref>

	==Structure==		==Structure==
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	==Origins==		==Origins==
			[[File:Ardas Fragment 01.jpg\|thumb\|Manuscript fragment of an early version of the Sikh ardas prayer in calligraphic, [[scriptio continua]] Gurmukhi script, c. 1730s]]
	The "Ardās" of Sikhism was first composed by Guru Gobind Singh. He fixed the first eight lines and the last section, and these are considered unalterable in Sikhism. The second section has been fluid, revised extensively and particularly by Tat Khalsa in the 20th century. The Sikh Rahit Maryada has published an approved version of the entire Ardas.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/>		The "Ardās" of Sikhism was first composed by Guru Gobind Singh. He fixed the first eight lines and the last section, and these are considered unalterable in Sikhism. The second section has been fluid, revised extensively and particularly by Tat Khalsa in the 20th century. The Sikh Rahit Maryada has published an approved version of the entire Ardas.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/>

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	== External links ==		== External links ==
			*[https://nitnemsahib.com/ardas-in-punjabi-gurmukhi/ Read Ardas in Punjabi]
			*[https://nitnemsahib.com/ardas-in-english/ Read Ardas in English]
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060806235347/http://www.sgpc.net/ardas/index.asp SGPC]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060806235347/http://www.sgpc.net/ardas/index.asp SGPC]

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	[[Category:Sikh practices]]		[[Category:Sikh practices]]
	[[Category:Sikh scripture]]		[[Category:Sikh scripture]]
	~~[[Category:Sikh terminology]]~~
	[[Category:Sikh prayer]]		[[Category:Sikh prayer]]

imported>Ravinder Kaur Panesar: #suggestededit-add 1.0

2021-04-15T09:34:32Z

#suggestededit-add 1.0

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{{Short description|prayer in Sikhism}}
{{About|the Sikh prayer|the practice|Ardaas}}
[[Image:BhaiSahibJiArdas.jpg|thumb|200px|Norang Singh, current head of [[Guru Nanak NSJ, Handsworth]], doing Ardās]]
{{Sikh practices}}
The '''Ardās''' ({{lang-pa|ਅਰਦਾਸ}}) is a set [[prayer]] in [[Sikhism]].<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name=britgurudwara/> It is a part of worship service in a [[Gurdwara]] (Sikh temple), daily rituals such as the opening the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' for ''prakash'' (morning light) or closing it for ''sukhasan'' (night bedroom) in larger Gurdwaras, closing of congregational worship in smaller Gurdwaras, rites-of-passages such as with the naming of child or the cremation of a loved one, [[Nitnem|daily prayer]] by devout Sikhs and any significant Sikh ceremonies.<ref name="Cole2004p8"/>

An Ardas consists of three parts. The first part recites the virtues of the ten Gurus of Sikhism from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, starting with lines from ''[[Chandi di Var]]'' from the ''[[Dasam Granth]]''.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The second part recites the trials and triumphs of the [[Khalsa]] and petition.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The third salutes the divine name.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/> The first and the third part are set and cannot be changed, while the second part may vary, be shortened and include a supplication such as seeking divine help or blessing in dealing with daily problems, but is usually in agreed form. While it is sung, the audience or the Sikh devotee typically stands, with hands clasped in the folded [[namaste]] gesture, many with bowed headed, with some typically saying "Waheguru" after certain sections.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8">{{cite book|author=W. Owen Cole|title=Understanding Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohYwDwAAQBAJ |year=2004|publisher=Dunedin Academic Press|isbn=978-1-906716-91-2|pages=8, 18, 104, 111–124, 166–175}}</ref><ref name=britgurudwara>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/gurdwara Gurdwara], Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref><ref>''MacAuliffe, 1909, p. 331''</ref>

Ardas is attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, the founder of the Khalsa and the 10th Guru of Sikhism.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/>

==Etymology==
The root of the word Ardas is related to the Sanskrit word ''ard'' (अर्द) which means "request, ask, beg".<ref name="Cole2004p8"/> It is also related to the Persian word ''arzdasht'' which means a written "petition made by an inferior to a superior".<ref name="Cole2004p8"/>

==Structure==
The Ardās is usually always done standing up with folded hands and is commonly preceded by the eighth stanza of the fourth [[ashtapadi]] of the bani [[Sukhmani]], beginning ''Tu Thakur Tum Peh Ardaas''. It consists of three parts:
#The beginning of the Ardās is strictly set by the tenth Sikh Guru, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and may not be altered or omitted. It appears as the opening passage of Var Sri Bhagauti Ji Ki (see [[Chandi di Var]]).<ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p237">{{cite book|author1=Knut A. Jacobsen|author2=Kristina Myrvold|title=Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrWKPWBEXEC&pg=PA237|year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4411-7087-3|pages=237–238}}</ref> The first part is an invocation from the ''[[Chandi di Var]]'' and recites the virtues of the Sikh Gurus.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/><ref name="McLeod1990p103">{{cite book|author=W.H. McLeod|title=Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7xIT7OMSJ44C |year=1990|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-56085-4|pages=103–105}}</ref>
#The second part is several paragraphs recounting Sikh symbols, places or worship and values significant and related to Khalsa. This may be changed by reciting a "short ardaas". The Sikh devotee may include a personal prayer such as "[[Waheguru]], please bless me in the task that I am about to undertake" when starting a new task, help me with this problem, or add any personal petition for God.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/>
#The third salutes the divine name. This part may also not be altered or omitted.<ref name=britgurudwara/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/>

The end of the Ardaas (''Nanak Nam Chardi Kala, Tere Bhane Sarbat Da Bala'', "O Nanak, may the Nam (Holy) be ever in ascendance! in Thy will may the good of all prevail!") is also set and may not be altered or omitted.<ref>SRM, p. 9.</ref>

==Origins==
The "Ardās" of Sikhism was first composed by Guru Gobind Singh. He fixed the first eight lines and the last section, and these are considered unalterable in Sikhism. The second section has been fluid, revised extensively and particularly by Tat Khalsa in the 20th century. The Sikh Rahit Maryada has published an approved version of the entire Ardas.<ref name="McLeod1990p103"/><ref name="Cole2004p8"/>

==See also==
*[[Chandi di Var]]
*[[Sikh scriptures]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==

*''Sikh Rehat Maryada: The code of Sikh conduct & conventions'', Dharam Parchar Committee (Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandakh Committee) n.d., Amritsar.
*MacAuliffe, M A 1909, ''The Sikh religion: its gurus, sacred writings and authors'', The Clarendon Press, Oxford.

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060806235347/http://www.sgpc.net/ardas/index.asp SGPC]

{{Sikhism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ardas}}
[[Category:Sikh practices]]
[[Category:Sikh scripture]]
[[Category:Sikh terminology]]
[[Category:Sikh prayer]]