Archipelago - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-13T18:18:05Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:48, 13 August 2023
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Geography\|Islands}}~~
	* [[Island arc]]		* [[Island arc]]
	* [[List of landforms]]		* [[List of landforms]]

WikiDwarf at 19:59, 16 July 2023

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-[[File:Aegeansea.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Aegean Sea]] with its large number of islands]]
+{{Short description|Collection of islands}}
-An '''archipelago''' ({{PronEng|ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ}}) is a chain or group of [[island]]s. The word ''archipelago'' means "chief [[sea]]", from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''arkhon'' (''arkhi''-) ("leader") and ''pelagos'' ("sea").
+{{Redirect|Island chain|the strategy|Island chain strategy||Archipelago (disambiguation)}}
-Archipelagos are usually found in the open [[sea]]; less commonly, a big [[landmass]] may neighbor them, an example being [[Scotland]] which has more than 700 islands surrounding the mainland. Many archipelagos are [[volcano|volcanic]], forming along [[mid-ocean ridge]]s or [[Hotspot (geology)|hotspots]]. Others are island arcs neighboring an [[oceanic trench]]. Many other processes create archipelagos, including [[erosion]], [[Deposition (geology)|deposition]], and [[Orogeny|land elevation]].
+[[File:Aegeansea.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Aegean Sea]] with its large number of islands is the origin of the term ''archipelago''.]]
-The four biggest [[countries]] that are mainly archipelagos are [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Indonesia]] (the world's biggest country that is an archipelago, according to the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html |access-date=2008-05-29 |archive-date=2016-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527061311/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The biggest archipelago in the world by size is in Northern [[Canada]], the [[Canadian Arctic Archipelago]], which is in the [[Arctic Ocean]].
+An '''archipelago''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑːr|k|ə|ˈ|p|ɛ|l|ə|ɡ|oʊ|audio=en-us-archipelago.ogg}} {{respell|AR|kə|PEL|ə|goh}}),<ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|archipelago}}</ref> sometimes called an '''island group''' or '''island chain''', is a chain, cluster, or collection of [[island]]s, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.
-==References==
+<!--
-{{reflist}}
+    Note to editors.  Please do NOT list every known archipelago here.  This is the introductory lead to the general topic and should be kept brief and representative.
-{{geo-stub}}
+==Geographic types==
-[[Category:Archipelagos| ]]
+Archipelagos are often volcanic, forming along [[island arc]]s generated by [[subduction]] zones or [[Hotspot (geology)|hotspots]], but may also be the result of [[erosion]], [[Deposition (sediment)|deposition]], and [[land elevation]]. Depending on their geological origin, islands forming archipelagos can be referred to as ''oceanic islands'', ''continental fragments'', or ''continental islands''.<ref>Whittaker R. J. & Fernández-Palacios J. M. (2007) ''Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation''. New York, Oxford University Press</ref>

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-{{Short description|Collection of islands}}
+[[File:Aegeansea.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Aegean Sea]] with its large number of islands]]
-{{Redirect|Island chain|the strategy|Island Chain Strategy||Archipelago (disambiguation)}}
+An '''archipelago''' ({{PronEng|ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ}}) is a chain or group of [[island]]s. The word ''archipelago'' means "chief [[sea]]", from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''arkhon'' (''arkhi''-) ("leader") and ''pelagos'' ("sea").
-An '''archipelago''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑːr|k|ə|ˈ|p|ɛ|l|ə|ˌ|ɡ|oʊ|audio=en-us-archipelago.ogg}} {{respell|AR|kə|PEL|ə|goh}}),<ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|archipelago}}</ref> sometimes called an '''island group''' or '''island chain''', is a chain, cluster, or collection of [[island]]s, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.
+Archipelagos are usually found in the open [[sea]]; less commonly, a big [[landmass]] may neighbor them, an example being [[Scotland]] which has more than 700 islands surrounding the mainland. Many archipelagos are [[volcano|volcanic]], forming along [[mid-ocean ridge]]s or [[Hotspot (geology)|hotspots]]. Others are island arcs neighboring an [[oceanic trench]]. Many other processes create archipelagos, including [[erosion]], [[Deposition (geology)|deposition]], and [[Orogeny|land elevation]].
-<!--
+The four biggest [[countries]] that are mainly archipelagos are [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Indonesia]] (the world's biggest country that is an archipelago, according to the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html |access-date=2008-05-29 |archive-date=2016-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527061311/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The biggest archipelago in the world by size is in Northern [[Canada]], the [[Canadian Arctic Archipelago]], which is in the [[Arctic Ocean]].
-==Etymology==
+==References==
-The word ''archipelago'' is derived from the [[Ancient Greek]] ἄρχι-(''arkhi-'', "chief") and πέλαγος (''pélagos'', "sea") through the Italian ''arcipelago''. In [[Classical Antiquity|antiquity]], "Archipelago" (from [[medieval Greek]] [[Linguistic reconstruction|*]]ἀρχιπέλαγος and [[medieval Latin|Latin]] {{Lang|la-x-medieval|archipelagus}}) was the proper name for the [[Aegean Sea]]. Later, usage shifted to refer to the [[Aegean Islands]] (since the sea has a large number of islands).
+{{reflist}}
-Archipelagos are often volcanic, forming along island arcs generated by subduction zones or hotspots, but may also be the result of [[erosion]], [[Deposition (sediment)|deposition]], and [[land elevation]]. Depending on their geological origin, islands forming archipelagos can be referred to as ''oceanic islands'', ''continental fragments'', and ''continental islands''.<ref>Whittaker R. J. & Fernández-Palacios J. M. (2007) ''Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation''. New York, Oxford University Press</ref>
+{{geo-stub}}
-===Oceanic islands===
+[[Category:Archipelagos| ]]

UpdateBot at 06:36, 4 March 2022

2022-03-04T06:36:52Z

New page

{{Short description|Collection of islands}}
{{Redirect|Island chain|the strategy|Island Chain Strategy||Archipelago (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|arpeggio|a cappella}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
[[File:Aegeansea.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Aegean Sea]] with its large number of islands is the origin of the term ''archipelago''.]]
[[File:MerguiArchipelagoMap.png|thumb|The [[Mergui Archipelago]] in [[Myanmar]]]]

An '''archipelago''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑːr|k|ə|ˈ|p|ɛ|l|ə|ˌ|ɡ|oʊ|audio=en-us-archipelago.ogg}} {{respell|AR|kə|PEL|ə|goh}}),<ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|archipelago}}</ref> sometimes called an '''island group''' or '''island chain''', is a chain, cluster, or collection of [[island]]s, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.


Examples of archipelagos include: the [[List of islands of Indonesia|Indonesian Archipelago]], the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], the [[Lakshadweep]] Islands, the [[Galápagos Islands]], the [[Japanese Archipelago]], the [[List of islands of the Philippines|Philippine Archipelago]], the [[Maldives]], the [[Balearic Isles]], [[the Bahamas]], the [[Aegean Islands]], the [[Hawaiian Islands]], the [[Canary Islands]], [[Malta]], the [[Azores]], the [[Arctic Archipelago|Canadian Arctic Archipelago]], the [[British Isles]], the islands of the [[Archipelago Sea]], and [[Shetland]]. They are sometimes defined by political boundaries. For example, the Gulf archipelago off the northeastern Pacific coast forms part of a larger archipelago that geographically includes Washington state's [[San Juan Islands]]; while the Gulf archipelago and San Juan Islands are geographically related, they are not technically included in the same archipelago due to manmade geopolitical borders.<ref>{{Cite web|last=US Department of Commerce|first=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|title=What is an archipelago?|url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/archipelago.html|access-date=2020-07-07|website=oceanservice.noaa.gov|language=EN-US}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The word ''archipelago'' is derived from the [[Ancient Greek]] ἄρχι-(''arkhi-'', "chief") and πέλαγος (''pélagos'', "sea") through the Italian ''arcipelago''. In [[Classical Antiquity|antiquity]], "Archipelago" (from [[medieval Greek]] [[Linguistic reconstruction|*]]ἀρχιπέλαγος and [[medieval Latin|Latin]] {{Lang|la-x-medieval|archipelagus}}) was the proper name for the [[Aegean Sea]]. Later, usage shifted to refer to the [[Aegean Islands]] (since the sea has a large number of islands).

==Geographic types==
Archipelagos may be found isolated in large amounts of water or neighbouring a large land mass. For example, [[Scotland]] has more than 700 islands surrounding its mainland which form an archipelago.

Archipelagos are often volcanic, forming along island arcs generated by subduction zones or hotspots, but may also be the result of [[erosion]], [[Deposition (sediment)|deposition]], and [[land elevation]]. Depending on their geological origin, islands forming archipelagos can be referred to as ''oceanic islands'', ''continental fragments'', and ''continental islands''.<ref>Whittaker R. J. & Fernández-Palacios J. M. (2007) ''Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation''. New York, Oxford University Press</ref>

===Oceanic islands===
Oceanic islands are mainly of volcanic origin, and widely separated from any adjacent continent. The [[Hawaiian Islands]] and [[Easter Island]] in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], and [[Île Amsterdam]] in the south [[Indian Ocean]] are examples.

===Continental fragments===
Continental fragments correspond to land masses that have separated from a continental mass due to [[tectonic]] displacement. The [[Farallon Islands]] off the coast of [[California]] are an example.

===Continental archipelagos===
[[File:Острова_близ_Турку._Saaret._By_Victor_Belousov._-_panoramio.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Archipelago Sea]] with many islands in southwestern Finland.]]
Sets of islands formed close to the coast of a continent are considered continental archipelagos when they form part of the same continental shelf, when those islands are above-water extensions of the shelf. The islands of the [[Inside Passage]] off the coast of [[British Columbia]] and the [[Arctic Archipelago|Canadian Arctic Archipelago]] are examples.

===Artificial archipelagos===
Artificial archipelagos have been created in various countries for different purposes. [[Palm Islands]] and the [[World Islands]] off Dubai were or are being created for leisure and tourism purposes.<ref>{{cite web | last=McFadden | first=Christopher | title=7+ Amazing Facts About Dubai's Palm Islands | website=Interesting Engineering | date=22 December 2019 | url=https://interestingengineering.com/7-curious-facts-about-dubais-palm-islands | access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Wainwright | first=Oliver | title=Not the end of The World: the return of Dubai's ultimate folly | website=The Guardian| date=13 February 2018 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/feb/13/not-end-the-world-return-dubai-ultimate-folly | access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> [[Marker Wadden]] in the Netherlands is being built as a conservation area for birds and other wildlife.<ref>{{cite web | last=Boffey | first=Daniel | title=Marker Wadden, the manmade Dutch archipelago where wild birds reign supreme | website=The Guardian| date=27 April 2019 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/27/marker-wadden-islands-netherlands-manmade-archipelago-wild-birds-eco-haven | access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref>

==Further examples==
The largest archipelagic state in the world by area, and by population, is [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Indonesia |work=The World Factbook |date=4 December 2008 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/ |access-date=7 December 2008 |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] of the [[United States]] |location=[[Washington, DC]] }}</ref>


== See also ==
{{Portal|Geography|Islands}}
* [[Island arc]]
* [[List of landforms]]
* [[List of archipelagos by number of islands]]
* [[List of archipelagos]]
* [[Archipelagic state]]
* [[List of islands]]
* [[Aquapelago]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Archipelagoes}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Archipelago}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090130062925/http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/island-archipelagos/3612 30 Most Incredible Island Archipelagos]

{{coastal geography}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Archipelagoes| ]]
[[Category:Coastal and oceanic landforms]]
[[Category:Oceanographical terminology]]