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{{Short description|Indian physicist}}

'''Archana Sharma''' is an Indian physicist and senior scientist at the [[CERN]] laboratory in [[Geneva|Geneva, Switzerland]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nuclear & Plasma Sciences Society {{!}} Dr. Archana Sharma|url=https://ieee-npss.org/distinguished-lecturers/archana-sharma-ph-d/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=ieee-npss.org}}</ref> She is the only Indian scientist at CERN who was involved in the discovery of the [[Higgs boson|Higgs boson particle]] in 2012.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Ganguly|first=Nivedita|date=2017-03-01|title=Being a woman made it more challenging to pursue my dreams, says Indian scientist at CERN|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/being-a-woman-made-it-more-challenging-to-pursue-my-dreams/article17388078.ece|access-date=2021-11-01|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Her research focuses on [[Particle physics|high energy physics]], which explores the origins of the known universe and its component parts.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Basu|first=Mohana|date=2019-12-15|title=CERN scientist Archana Sharma says Indian girls need more female role models in STEM|url=https://theprint.in/science/cern-scientist-archana-sharma-says-indian-girls-need-more-female-role-models-in-stem/333374/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> She is internationally recognized for her work in instrumentation and gaseous detectors, specifically for her pioneering work on micro-pattern gaseous detectors.<ref name=":0" />
== Early life and education ==
Sharma was born to a middle-class family in [[Jhansi|Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Sheth|first=Parul R.|date=August 2019|title=In Conversation|journal=Science Reporter|volume=56|issue=8|pages=42-44|issn=00368512|via=EBSCOhost}}</ref> Both of her parents were teachers––her father taught mechanical engineering, and her mother taught economics and geography.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2019-04-01|title=Building detectors at CERN—a Q&A with Archana Sharma|url=https://thelifeofscience.com/2019/04/01/building-detectors-cern-qa-archana-sharma/|access-date=2021-11-01|website=The Life of Science|language=en}}</ref> The rigor and support of her parents and schoolteachers encouraged her to pursue higher education in physics.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

Sharma studied physics at [[Banaras Hindu University]] as an undergraduate student and received her masters in [[nuclear physics]] from the same university in 1982.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Archana Sharma|url=https://inspirehep.net/authors/989127|access-date=2021-11-28|website=inspirehep.net}}</ref> In 1989, she received her PhD in experimental particle physics from Delhi University.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last=Bhatta|first=Archita|date=2019-08-24|title=Meet Archana Sharma, the Indian scientist who is part of the team that discovered the Higgs Boson|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/meet-archana-sharma-the-indian-scientist-who-is-part-of-the-team-that-discovered-the-higgs-boson/article29233635.ece|access-date=2021-11-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She describes herself as a "good student [who] had gold medals" in India, but lacked the practical knowledge of instrumentation and building scientific instruments.<ref name=":4" /> Sharma earned a second doctorate degree (D.Sc.) in "Instrumentation for High Energy Physics" from the [[University of Geneva]] in 1996 and an executive MBA degree from the [[International University in Geneva|International University]] in Geneva in 2001.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Sharma's involvement at CERN began in 1987 when she won a three-year fellowship to conduct research in the detector development group led by [[Georges Charpak]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Khandelwal|first=Ankit|date=October 9, 2012|title=Marie Curie: It's important to keep asking questions: CERN scientist Archana Sharma|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/citizen-journalists/citizen-journalists-reports/ankit-khandelwal/its-important-to-keep-asking-questions-cern-scientist-archana-sharma/articleshow/16735525.cms|access-date=2021-11-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> After finishing her first PhD in Delhi, Sharma moved to Geneva with her family in 1989 to conduct her post-doctoral research in gaseous detectors, through which she realized her lack of expertise in instrumentation and thus decided to pursue a second PhD at the University of Geneva.<ref name=":4" />

After finishing her second PhD, Sharma held positions at the GSI-Darmstadt in Germany and the [[University of Maryland, College Park]].<ref name=":5" /> By 2001, she had gained enough skills to apply for and receive a long-term position at CERN.<ref name=":4" /> Since 2001, she has worked on the [[Compact Muon Solenoid]] (CMS) experiment, designing high-efficiency detectors to facilitate the detection of the Higgs-Boson particle.<ref name=":6" /> She has mentored around 20 PhD students during her time at CERN and has authored or co-authored over 800 publications.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />

== Research ==
Sharma is best known for her work in gaseous detectors, through which she contributed to the discovery of the Higgs boson. She works at the CMS experiment in the [[Large Hadron Collider]], developing a new [[muon]] system called [[Gas electron multiplier|GEM]] (Gas Electron Multiplier), which can detect muons in the outermost layer of the CMS.<ref name=":3" /> Detecting a muon can confirm the production of a Higgs boson, and the CMS is also important in studying other dimensions, background radiation, and the components of dark matter.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /> Sharma is also known as a pioneer for her work on [[Wire chamber|wire chambers]], [[Resistive plate chamber|resistive plate chambers]], and [[Micropattern gaseous detector|micro-pattern gaseous detectors]], all of which laid the foundations for her larger work in the CMS experiment.<ref name=":3" />

=== Select publications ===

* A. Sharma, Detection of single electrons with a GEM. ''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment'' '''471''', 136–139 (2001).
* A. Sharma, 3D simulation of charge transfer in a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and comparison to experiment. ''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment'' '''454''', 267–271 (2000).
* A. Shah, A. Sharma, A. Kumar, J. Merlin, Md. Naimuddin, Impact of single-mask hole asymmetry on the properties of GEM detectors. ''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment'' '''936''', 459–461 (2019).
* S. Mukherjee, A. Sharma, S. Sodaye, A. Goswami, B. S. Tomar, INCOMPLETE FUSION IN THE EXCITATION FUNCTIONS OF 12C + 115In REACTIONS AT 4–7 MeV/NUCLEON. ''Int. J. Mod. Phys. E'' '''15''', 237–245 (2006).
* C. Richter, ''et al.'', On the efficient electron transfer through GEM. ''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment'' '''478''', 538–558 (2002).
* F. Sauli, A. Sharma, Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors. ''Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.'' '''49''', 341–388 (1999).

== References ==
<references />

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Archana}}
[[Category:People associated with CERN]]
[[Category:Indian women physicists]]
[[Category:University of Geneva alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian particle physicists]]
[[Category:People from Jhansi]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]

Archana Sharma (physicist) - Revision history

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