Ramesh: General improvements to article content

2026-02-19T21:56:23Z

General improvements to article content

WikiDwarfBOT: /* Other websites */Replace {{Source}} tag

2021-05-01T09:29:18Z

Other websites: Replace {{Source}} tag

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 1 May 2021
Line 47:		Line 47:

	== Other websites ==		== Other websites ==
	~~{{Source\|I\|S}}~~
	{{Commons\|Archaeology}}		{{Commons\|Archaeology}}
	* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Archaeology Archaeology] -Citizendium		* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Archaeology Archaeology] -Citizendium

	[[Category:Archaeology\| ]]		[[Category:Archaeology\| ]]

			{{simple-Wikipedia}}

WikiDwarf: /* Other websites */Add {{source}} tag

2021-04-10T05:35:06Z

Other websites: Add {{source}} tag

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 10 April 2021
Line 47:		Line 47:

	== Other websites ==		== Other websites ==
			{{Source\|I\|S}}
	{{Commons\|Archaeology}}		{{Commons\|Archaeology}}
	* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Archaeology Archaeology] -Citizendium		* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Archaeology Archaeology] -Citizendium

	[[Category:Archaeology\| ]]		[[Category:Archaeology\| ]]

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported

2021-02-23T15:31:44Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:01, 23 February 2021
(No difference)

>InternetArchiveBot: Bluelink 1 book for Wikipedia:Verifiability (20210125)) #IABot (v2.0.8) (GreenC bot

2021-01-26T05:55:06Z

Bluelink 1 book for Wikipedia:Verifiability (20210125)) #IABot (v2.0.8) (GreenC bot

New page

[[File:GD-EG-Alex-Théatre031.JPG|thumb|300 px|A [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[theatre]] in [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]]]]

'''Archaeology''', or '''archeology''',<ref name="Society for American Archaeology">{{Citation|url=http://www.saa.org/ForthePublic/Resources/OtherUsefulResources/Whyaretheretwodifferentspellingsarchaeology/tabid/1078/Default.aspx |title=Society for American Archaeology |access-date=2011-01-15}}</ref> is the study of the human [[past]]. It looks at remains and objects left by the people who lived long ago. These remains may include old [[coin]]s, [[tool]]s, [[building]]s, and inscriptions. Archaeologists, the people who study archaeology, use these remains to understand how people lived.

== Fieldwork ==
[[File:AMG - Bronzedepotfund 1.jpg|thumb|A 12th century BC (Bronze Age) hoard from Stockheim in Germany]]

When archaeologists do fieldwork, they look for remains, often by digging in the ground. As [[Human settlement|settlements]] (places where people lived in groups) change and grow, old buildings get buried. Usually, this is a natural process. A typical student project is to leave an object in a place where there is nothing going on. It will get covered rather quickly, because wind, water and plants will bury it. Sometimes buildings are deliberately buried to make way for new buildings. Ancient [[Rome]], for example, is now up to 40 feet (12 metres) below the present city. This process of natural or man-made burial is why archaeological fieldwork involves digging, and is expensive and takes a long time.

When things are found, or even when nothing is found, the results of the fieldwork are taken back to a base. Short term, the base is often on or near the site. Longer term, the results will usually go to a [[university]] or [[museum]]. Everything is written down on paper or entered into a computer. Gradually, they build up a picture of what happened long ago. Archaeologists publish their [[research]] so others can understand what they learned.

==Fields of interest==
[[Archaeologist]]s do not all study the same topics. They have specialties. Some fields of interest include [[Ancient Egypt]] (these specialists are called [[Egyptologist]]s), [[Ancient China]], or the [[Vikings]]. Archaeologists study every [[civilization]] that is known, especially the ones where there is no written [[history]]. They can study any time period. For example, one might study the [[human evolution|beginning of human life]] in Africa, or study [[World War II]]. Marine archaeologists study things that are now underwater. They search for [[shipwreck|sunken ships]] or [[city|cities]] that have been lost under the sea.

== Subdisciplines ==
There are many different ways of doing archaeology. these depend on the methods used, the things studied, and the environment. Some of these subdisciplines overlap with each other.

=== Marine archaeology ===
Archaeology relating to oceans, seas and lakes is usually done underwater. It includes the study of sunken ships and submerged coastlines. "Maritime archaeology" is a part of this subdivision. It refers to the archaeological investigation of past ships and seafaring.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Maritime Archaeology |year=1977 |publisher= Muckelroy, Keith}}</ref> A famous example of maritime archaeology is the recovery and restoration of the ship burial at [[Sutton Hoo]].

=== Ice-patch archaeology ===
When a glacier melts, objects that were captured in it are revealed. The recovery and study of these objects is called "ice-patch archaeology".<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/oct/19/clues-from-the-yellowstone-ice-patch-when-climate-/|title=Clues from the Yellowstone ice patch: When climate change meets archaeology |work= Spokesman.com |access-date= 2018-10-23 |language=en}}</ref> A famous example is [[Ötzi the Iceman]].

=== Historical archaeology ===
Historical archaeology deals with places, things, and issues from the past or present at or related to sites with written records or oral traditions. Or it can be defined as "the archaeological investigation of any past culture that has developed a literate tradition."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Orser Jnr|first=Charles E.|date=2002-09-11|title=Encyclopedia of Historical Archaeology|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203461747|pages=xii|doi=10.4324/9780203461747}}</ref> A prominent example of historical archaeology is the work done at [[Historic Williamsburg|Colonial Williamsburg]].

=== Industrial archaeology ===
This relatively new branch of archaeology consists of "the systematic study of structures and artefacts as a means of enlarging our understanding of the industrial past."<ref>{{Cite book |author= Palmer, Marilyn and Peter Neaverson |title=Industrial Archaeology |url= https://archive.org/details/industrialarchae0000palm |year=1998}}</ref>

=== Archaeozoology ===
Archaeozoology, or zooarchaeology, is the study of the relationships between humans and animals in the archaeological record. This includes the study of bones, feathers, teeth and other body parts as well as their interpretation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.kz/books?isbn=1842171232|title=Integrating Zooarchaeology}}</ref>

=== Experimental archaeology ===
This field involves attempts at replicating the actions and conditions of ancient cultures. Good examples are [[Butser Ancient Farm|Butser Ancient Farm and]] [[Overton Down]].

==Sites==
In many countries, [[government]]s and other groups of people protect important [[archaeological site]]s so they will not be destroyed and so that visitors can always come and see them.

Sometimes archaeological sites are found when [[Foundation (engineering)|foundations]] are dug for new [[building]]s. Archaeologists have to work quickly when this happens, because people who are building often don't have a lot of time. As soon as the archaeologists are done with their work, the remains that they have found will be covered over, unless they are very important.

==Related pages==
* [[Archaeological site]]
* [[Civilization]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Other websites ==
{{Commons|Archaeology}}
* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Archaeology Archaeology] -Citizendium

[[Category:Archaeology| ]]

Archaeology - Revision history

Ramesh: General improvements to article content

WikiDwarfBOT: /* Other websites */Replace {{Source}} tag

WikiDwarf: /* Other websites */Add {{source}} tag

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported

>InternetArchiveBot: Bluelink 1 book for Wikipedia:Verifiability (20210125)) #IABot (v2.0.8) (GreenC bot