ZEKSheryl225755: slightly adjust references per standard format additionally

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slightly adjust references per standard format additionally

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			{{Short description\|Stream maintaining its original course despite changes in underlying rocks}}
	An '''antecedent stream''' is a stream that maintains its original course and pattern despite the changes in underlying rock topography. A stream with a [[Drainage system (geomorphology)#Dendritic drainage pattern\|dendritic drainage pattern]], for example, can be subject to slow tectonic uplift. However, as the uplift occurs, the stream erodes through the rising ridge to form a steep-walled [[Canyon\|gorge]]. The stream thus keeps its dendritic pattern even though it flows over a landscape that will normally produce a [[Drainage system (geomorphology)#Trellis drainage system\|trellis drainage pattern]].<ref name=Grotzinger>Grotzinger, J. & Jordan, T.H. 2006. Understanding Earth, 5th ed., Freeman, New York {{ISBN\|978-0716766827}}</ref>		An '''antecedent stream''' is a stream that maintains its original course and pattern despite the changes in underlying rock topography. A stream with a [[Drainage system (geomorphology)#Dendritic drainage pattern\|dendritic drainage pattern]], for example, can be subject to slow tectonic uplift. However, as the uplift occurs, the stream erodes through the rising ridge to form a steep-walled [[Canyon\|gorge]]. The stream thus keeps its dendritic pattern even though it flows over a landscape that will normally produce a [[Drainage system (geomorphology)#Trellis drainage system\|trellis drainage pattern]].<ref name=Grotzinger>Grotzinger, J. & Jordan, T.H. 2006. Understanding Earth, 5th ed., Freeman, New York {{ISBN\|978-0716766827}}</ref>

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An '''antecedent stream''' is a stream that maintains its original course and pattern despite the changes in underlying rock topography. A stream with a [[Drainage system (geomorphology)#Dendritic drainage pattern|dendritic drainage pattern]], for example, can be subject to slow tectonic uplift. However, as the uplift occurs, the stream erodes through the rising ridge to form a steep-walled [[Canyon|gorge]]. The stream thus keeps its dendritic pattern even though it flows over a landscape that will normally produce a [[Drainage system (geomorphology)#Trellis drainage system|trellis drainage pattern]].<ref name=Grotzinger>Grotzinger, J. & Jordan, T.H. 2006. Understanding Earth, 5th ed., Freeman, New York {{ISBN|978-0716766827}}</ref>

A '''superimposed stream''' is a [[stream]] that forms over horizontal beds that overlie folded and faulted rock with varying resistance. Having cut down through the horizontal beds, the stream retains its course and pattern as it proceeds to erode the underlying rocks despite their different character. The stream erodes a gorge in the resistant bed and continues its flow as before.<ref name=Grotzinger/>

== Examples ==
* Many [[Himalaya|Himalayan]] rivers are good examples of antecedent origin. These rivers originated well before the Himalayan region was uplifted. The rivers [[Indus River|Indus]], [[Brahmaputra]], [[Sutlej]], [[Koshi River|Kosi]] and [[Subansiri River|Subansiri]] originated on the Tibetan side and now traverse the existing mountain ranges, cutting deep [[Canyon|gorges]].
* The [[Colorado River]] cut the [[Grand Canyon]] as the [[Colorado Plateau]] rose between 5 and 2.5 million years ago. [[Paradox Valley]] is another good example in the Colorado Plateau.
* [[Devil's Gate (Wyoming)|Devil's Gate]] in Wyoming is a remarkable display of an antecedent stream. A 100-meter slot is cut through a granite ridge which would have missed the ridge completely had the river flowed just a kilometer to the south.
* The [[Meuse (river)|Meuse]] still flows south-north from France to Belgium through the [[Ardennes]] which were elevated after the river had assumed that course.

== See also ==
* [[Canyon]]
* [[Water gap]]
* [[Wind gap (geographical feature)|Wind gap]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rivers, streams and springs}}

[[Category:Hydrology]]
[[Category:Geomorphology]]

Antecedent drainage stream - Revision history

ZEKSheryl225755: slightly adjust references per standard format additionally

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article