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{{short description|Medinan citizens that helped Muhammad and the Muhajirun on the arrival at Medina}}
{{Other uses|Ansar (disambiguation)}}
The '''''Ansar''''' or '''Ansari''' ({{lang-ar|الأنصار|al-Anṣār|The Helpers’ or ‘Those who bring victory}}) are the local inhabitants of [[Medina]] who, in Islamic tradition, took the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]] and his followers (the ''[[Muhajirun]]'') into their homes when they emigrated from [[Mecca]] during the ''[[Hijrah|hijra]]''. They also took Islam as their religion.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

They belonged to the tribes of [[Banu Khazraj]] and [[Banu Aus]].

== Background ==
{{further|Medina#History}}
[[File:Aus-Stammbaum - Clans of al-Aws - شجرة نسب الأوس.png|240px|thumb|Banu Aws branches]]
The Medinese, which consisted of Aws and Khazraj, along with their [[Jews|Jewish]] allies, [[Banu Nadir]], [[Banu Qurayza]], and [[Banu Qaynuqa]], were involved in degenerating years of warfare such as battle of Sumair, battle of Banu Jahjaha of Aus-Banu Mazin of Khazraj, battle of Sararah day, battle of Banu Wa'il ibn Zayd, battle of Zhufr-Malik, battle of Fari', battle of Hathib, battle of Rabi' day, first battle of Fijar in Yathrib (not [[Harb al-fijar|Fijar war between Qays with Kinana in Mecca]]<ref name="Jawwad Ali-Ansari" />), battle of Ma'is, battle of Mudharras, and second battle of Fijar in Yathrib.<ref name="Jawwad Ali-Ansari">{{harvnb|Ali|2019|pp=98–101}}</ref> The Medinese also even contacted against foreign invaders came from outside [[Hejaz]], including such as [[Shapur II]] of [[Sasanian Empire]] in relatively vague result,<ref name="Labīb Rizq">{{harvnb|Labīb Rizq|1993|p=16}}</ref> and also in successful defense against [[Himyarite Kingdom]] under their sovereign, [[Tubba'|Tabban]] [[Abu Karib]],<ref name="google2">{{harvnb|Avigdor Chaikin|1899}}</ref><ref name="Sirah ibn Hisham">{{cite book |last1=bin Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari al-Mu'afiri al-Baṣri |first1=Abd al-Malik |author-link1=Ibn Hisham |title=Sirah ibn Hisham |date=2019 |publisher=Qisthi Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBizDwAAQBAJ |access-date=6 December 2021|translator= Ikhlas Hikmatiar |language=id}}{{YouTube|u=TX_HTt0qY68&list=PLlK0gGuioshBgZZf8VOC4IonQtFxPsifW&index=3|title=Sirah Nabawiyyah Ke 3 - Masuknya Agama Yahudi dan Nasrani ke Jazirah Arab (3rd Sirah Nabawiyyah - The Entry of Judaism and Christianity to the Arabian Peninsula) Book review by Khalid Basalamah|time=10m5s-26m35s}}</ref> who also known as ''Dhu al-Adh'ar''.<ref name="Jawwad Ali-Ansari2">{{harvnb|Ali|2019|p=145}}</ref> However, the most terrible conflict for both Aws and Khazraj were a civil war called the [[battle of Bu'ath]], which leave bitter taste for both clans, and caused them to grew weary of war, due to the exceptionally high level of violence, even by their standards, and the needless massacres that occurred during that battle.<ref name="Jawwad Ali-Ansari" /><ref name="Sahabat-sahabat Rasulullah book review">{{cite book |last1=Al-Mishri |first1=Mahmud |last2=Karimi |first2=Izzudin |last3=Syuaeb al-Faiz |first3=Mohammad |title=Sahabat-sahabat Rasulullah: chapter Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas |date=2010 |publisher=Pustaka Ibnu Katsir |isbn=9789791294393 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gCqhtQEACAAJ |access-date=28 November 2021 |language=ms|chapter=Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas}}{{cite AV media| people = Khalid Zeed Abdullah Basalamah|year = 2015| title = bedah buku Kisah Sahabat Nabi ﷺ Ke-8: Sa'ad bin Abi Waqqash; review of Sahabat-sahabat Rasulullah book| language = id, ar| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1tJyowMp8A&list=PLlK0gGuioshBxyBg4TzEtKETkzOfv4mvB&index=24| location = Jakarta, Java Island|quote=Sahih Bukhari; Sahih Muslim; Siyar A'lam Nubala }}</ref>

Thus, in search of enlightenments and seeking arbitration from third party, the Yathribese then [[Second pledge at al-Aqabah|pledged their allegiance]] to Muhammad, a Qurayshi Meccan who preached a new faith, [[Islam]], during the Medinese pilgrimage to [[Kaaba]].<ref name="Atlas Al-sīrah Al-Nabawīyah">{{harvnb|Abū Khalīl|2004|page=85, "The second Pledge of Al-'Aqabah (the pledge of war) was: "Blood is blood and blood not to be paid for is blood not to be paid for. I am of you and you are of me. I will war against them that war against you, and be at peace with those and peace with you""}}</ref> As Muhammad managed to convince many notables of both Aws and Khazraj, which also included Abbad ibn Bishr who personally convinced by a [[Muhajirun]] named [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]]<ref name="Tabaqat al-Kubra chapter Abbad bin Bishr">{{harvnb|Ibn Sa'd|1990}}</ref> of his cause on his new faith, the chieftains of both Aus and Khazraj tribe, particularly [[Sa'd ibn Mu'adh]], [[Usaid Bin Hudair]], [[Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah]], and [[As'ad ibn Zurara]] agreed to embrace Islam and appoint Muhammad as arbitrator and [[de facto]] leader of Medina.<ref name="Sirah ibn Hisham" /><ref name="Sahabat-sahabat Rasulullah book review" /> In no time, Abbad and other Yathribese agreed to provide shelter for Meccan Muslims who had been persecuted by [[Quraysh]] [[Polytheism|polytheists]], while also agreeing to change their city name from Yathrib to Medina, as Yathrib has bad connotation in Arabic.<ref name="Sirah ibn Hisham" />

==Battles where the Ansari helped Muhammad==
{{Main|List of expeditions of Muhammad}}
The Ansari [ Al Ansar ] helped Muhammad in several battles. One of the earliest battles they helped him in was the [[Patrol of Buwat]]. A month after the raid at al-Abwa that was ordered by Muhammad, he personally led two hundred men including Muhajirs and Ansars to Bawat, a place on the caravan route of the Quraysh merchants. A herd of fifteen hundred camels was proceeding, accompanied by one hundred riders under the leadership of [[Umayyah ibn Khalaf]], a Quraysh. The purpose of the raid was to plunder this rich Quraysh caravan. No battle took place and the raid resulted in no booty. This was due to the caravan taking an untrodden unknown route. Muhammad then went up to Dhat al-Saq, in the desert of al-Khabar. He prayed there and a mosque was built at the spot. This was the first raid where a few Ansars took part.
<ref>{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA244 | first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=244}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://military.hawarey.org/military_english.htm |title=List of Battles of Muhammad |access-date=2014-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726142128/http://military.hawarey.org/military_english.htm |archive-date=2011-07-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==After the death of Muhammad==
[[File:Ansar Flag (4).png|thumb|Banner of the Ansar at the [[Battle of Siffin]]]]
During the tenure of Caliphates after Muhammad, the Ansar mainly became important military elements in [[Early Muslim conquests|many conquests]], (as indicated with the appointing of Thabit, bin Qays bin Shammas, an orator of Ansar), to lead Ansaris in support of [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] in the [[Battle of Buzakha]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BpfJVSSiAMwC&dq=ansar+khalid+walid&pg=PA62 The History of al-Tabari Vol. 10: The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11]</ref> at the time of Caliph Abu Bakr. Later they also played a prominent role in the [[Battle of Yamama]] where Ansars under Al Bara bin Malik Al Ansari charged at a perilous moment of the battle marking its turning point.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=h0CZBQAAQBAJ&dq=ansar+khalid+walid&pg=PT159 Golden Stories of Accepted Prayers By Abdul Malik Mujahid]</ref> The battle of Yamama is also where the Ansar's most prominent warrior, [[Abu Dujana (Sahabah)|Abu Dujana]], fell.

During the caliphate of Umar, prominent Ansaris contributed greatly during campaigns against Byzantium. The Ansari chief [['Ubadah ibn al-Samit]] particularly played many significant roles during [[Muslim conquest of Egypt]] and [[Muslim conquest of the Levant|Muslim conquest of Levant]] under the likes of [[Abu Ubaydah]], [[Khalid ibn Walid]], [[Amr ibn al-Aas]], and [[Muawiyah]]

In the year 24/645, during the [[caliphate]] of [[Uthman Ibn Affan]], prominent Ansaris also held major positions like [[Al-Bara' ibn `Azib]] who was made governor of al-Ray (in Persia). He eventually retired to Kūfā and there he died in the year 71/690.<ref>Khatib Baghdadi, ''Tarikh Baghdad'', vol.1, pg.177</ref>

During the Umayyad era the Ansar became somewhat of an opposing political faction of the regime.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=dpA4gm-PVn4C&dq=ansar+during+umayyad+era&pg=PA70 Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic-Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition By Wen-chin Ouyang]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MxTWmfKEloAC&q=ansar+ansar&pg=PA9 The History of al-Tabari Vol. 26: The Waning of the Umayyad Caliphate Footnote by W. Montgomery Watt]</ref> They are described as closely affiliated with the Hashim Clan Contingent rather than with the incumbent Umayyad. Such Ansar-Hashim connections are described as forming a new elite local political hegemony in [[Hejaz]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=v1dwdBDDjcUC&q=ansar&pg=PA99 The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies by Asad Q. Ahmed]</ref>

== List of Ansaris ==
=== Banu Khazraj ===
==== Men ====
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Mahas]]
*[[Sa'd ibn Ubadah]], chief<ref name=Vicegerency>{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/imamate/3.htm |title=Imamate: The Vicegerency of the Prophet |website= www.al-islam.org |publisher=[[Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project]] |access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref>
*[[As'ad ibn Zurarah]]
*[['Abd Allah ibn Rawahah]]
*[[Abu Ayyub al-Ansari]]<ref name=thaqalayn>{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/thaqalayn/nontl/Nar0-2.htm |title= Narrators of Hadith al Thaqalayn From Among the Sahabah |website= www.al-islam.org |date= 4 November 2013 |publisher= Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project |access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref>
*[[Ubay ibn Ka'b]]
*[[Zayd ibn Thabit]]<ref name=restatement>{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy/umar-bin-al-khattab-second-khalifa |title= A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims, Umar bin al-Khattab, the Second Khalifa of the Muslims |website= www.al-islam.org |date= 10 November 2013 |publisher= Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project |access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref>
*[[Hassan ibn Thabit]]
*[[Jabir ibn Abd-Allah]]<ref name=thaqalayn/>
*[[Amr ibn al-Jamuh]]
*[[Sa`ad ibn ar-Rabi`]]
*[[Al-Bara' ibn `Azib]]
*[[Ubayda ibn as-Samit]]
*[[Zayd ibn Arqam]]
*[[Abu Dujana (Sahabah)|Abu Dujana]]
*[[Abu Darda]]
*[[Habab ibn Mundhir]]<ref name=Vicegerency/>
*[[Anas ibn Nadhar]]
*[[Anas ibn Malik]]<ref name=islamonline>{{cite web|url= http://www.islamonline.net/English/In_Depth/hijry/1425/article/08.shtml |title=Al-Bara' ibn Malik Al-Ansari: Allah & Paradise |publisher= [[IslamOnline|islamonline.net]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100616072454/http://www.islamonline.net/English/In_Depth/hijry/1425/article/08.shtml |archive-date=16 June 2010}}</ref>
*[[Al-Bara' ibn Malik]]<ref name=islamonline/>
*[[Sahl ibn Sa'd]]<ref name=thaqalayn/>
*[[Farwah ibn `Amr ibn Wadqah al-Ansari]]<ref name=dialogue/>
*[[Habib ibn Zayd al-Ansari]]
*[[Tamim al-Ansari]]
*[[Ubada ibn as-Samit]]
{{div col end}}

==== Women ====
*[[Nusaybah bint Ka'ab]], mother of Habib ibn Zayd
*[[Rufaida Al-Aslamia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=156919 |title=The life of Rufaydah Al-Aslamiyyah |website= islamweb.net |publisher=Islamweb |access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref>

=== Banu Aus ===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Sa'd ibn Mua'dh]], chief<ref>[[William Montgomery Watt]], ''Muhammad at Medina'', Oxford, 1966.</ref>
*[[Bashir ibn Sa'ad]]<ref name=Vicegerency/>
*[[Abbad ibn Bishr]]
*[[Usaid ibn Hudair]]
*[[Muadh ibn Jabal]]
*[[Muhammad ibn Maslamah]]
*[[Khuzaima ibn Thabit]]<ref name=dialogue>{{cite web |url=http://al-islam.org/murajaat/80.htm |title=Letter 80 |website=www.al-islam.org |publisher=[[A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue]] |access-date=7 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610071705/http://www.al-islam.org/murajaat/80.htm |archive-date=10 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=MultiRefs/>
*[[Khubayb ibn Adiy]]
*[[Sahl ibn Hunaif]]<ref name=MultiRefs/>
*[[Uthman ibn Hunaif]]<ref name=Peshawar>{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/peshawar/7.2.html |title= Seventh Session, Wednesday Night, 29th Rajab 1345 A.H. |website=www.al-islam.org |date= 26 January 2013 |publisher= [[Peshawar Nights]] |access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref>
*[[Abu'l-Hathama ibn Tihan]]<ref name=MultiRefs/>
*[[Hanzala Ibn Abi Amir]]
{{div col end}}

=== Uncategorized ===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Abu Mas'ud Al-Ansari]]<ref>{{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|usc=yes|3|34|439}}</ref>
*[[Asim ibn Thabit]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunnipath.com/Resources/PrintMedia/Hadith/H0004P0253.aspx |title=253. Chapter: The miracles of the friends of Allah and their excellence |website= qibla.com |publisher= Qibla |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101023321/http://www.sunnipath.com/Resources/PrintMedia/Hadith/H0004P0253.aspx |archive-date=1 January 2007}}</ref>
*[[Amr ibn Maymun]]<ref name=Suyuti>''[[History of the Caliphs]]'' by [[al-Suyuti]]</ref>
*[[Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman|Hudhaifa ibn Yaman]]<ref name=MultiRefs>{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/peshawar/7.2.html |title= Seventh Session, Wednesday Night, 29th Rajab 1345 A.H. |website=www.al-islam.org |date= 26 January 2013 |publisher= [[Peshawar Nights]] |access-date=7 February 2014}} [[Tarikh al-Yaqubi]], as quoted in Peshawar Nights. Also, a list composed of sources such as [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] and [[Al-Baladhuri]], each in his ''[[Tarikh]]''. [[Muhammad ibn Khwand]] in his ''[[Rawdatu 's-safa]]'' and, [[Ibn 'Abd al-Barr]] in his ''The Comprehensive Compilation of the Names of the Prophet's Companions''</ref>
*[[Umayr ibn Sad al-Ansari]]
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Ansar al-Sharia]]
*[[Ansar-e Hezbollah]]
*[[Ansari (nisbat)]]
*[[Brotherhood among the Sahabah]]
*[[Glossary of Islam]]
*[[Qais]]
*[[Sahabah]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |first1=Shawqī |last1=Abū Khalīl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA85 |title=Atlas Al-sīrah Al-Nabawīyah |page=85 |publisher= Darussalam |date=2004 |isbn=9960897710 |quote="The second Pledge of Al-'Aqabah (the pledge of war) was: "Blood is blood and blood not to be paid for is blood not to be paid for. I am of you and you are of me. I will war against them that war against you, and be at peace with those and peace with you""}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Jawwad |author-link1=Jawad Ali |title=Sejarah Arab Sebelum Islam–Buku 4: Kondisi Sosial - Budaya |date=2019 |isbn=9786232200616 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRywDwAAQBAJ |trans-title=Arab History Before Islam–Book 4: Social Conditions - Culture |access-date=6 December 2021}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2A-AAAAYAAJ&dq=jewish+%22abu+Kariba%22&pg=PA53 |title=The Celebrities of the Jews: A glance at the historical circumstances of the Jewish people from the destruction of Jerusalem to the present day. Part I. 70-1290 |first1=Moses |last1=Avigdor Chaikin|author1-link=Moses Avigdor Chaikin |publisher=Pawson & Brailsford |date=1899 |access-date=July 9, 2010}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Sa'd |first1=Muhammad |author-link1=Ibn Sa'd |title=Major Classes |chapter=Abbad ibn Bishr|trans-title=Tabaqat al-Kubra |date=1990 |publisher=Dar al Kutub Ilmiyya |url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/1686 |access-date=27 November 2021}}
* {{cite book |last1=Labīb Rizq |first1=Yūnān |title=العلاقات العربية -الٳيرانية |date=1993 |trans-title=Arab-Iranian relations |isbn=9789775347107 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wN5hAAAAIAAJ&q=%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%20%20%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A8 |access-date=6 December 2021 |language=ar}}

{{Characters and names in the Quran}}

[[Category:Arab groups]]
[[Category:Ansar (Islam)| ]]
[[Category:Muhammad in Medina]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:People from Medina]]

Ansar (Islam) - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article