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{{short description|Indian women's rights activist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Annai E. V. R. Nagammai
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = 1885
| death_date = 11 May 1933 [[Erode]]
| birth_place = Thathampatti, Salem, [[Madras Presidency]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Social activist and women's rights activist
| residence =
}}
'''Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy Nagammai''' (1885 – 11 May 1933) was an Indian social activist and women's rights activist. She was known for her participation in the [[Temperance movement in India]] and the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]]. She was the first wife of [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] who headed the [[Self-Respect Movement]].

== Early life ==
Nagammai was born in 1885 to Rangasamy and Ponnuthai in Thathampatti, Salem, [[Madras Presidency]]. She had no formal education. She was the cousin of Ramasamy and married him at the age of thirteen in 1898.<ref name="vikatan">{{Cite news |url=https://www.vikatan.com/news/tamilnadu/124760-nagammai-actively-supported-her-husband-periyar-in-public-activities-nagammai-memories.html |title=பின் நின்று அல்ல; பெரியார் உடனே போராட்டத்தில் பயணித்த நாகம்மையார் |date=11 May 2018 |work=Vikatan |language=Tamil}}</ref> The couple had a daughter who died when she was five months old.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/who-periyar-ev-ramasamy-dravidian-movement-stalwart-led-anti-hindi-agitation-after-quitting-763014|title=Who is Periyar EV Ramasamy? Dravidian movement stalwart led anti-Hindi agitation after quitting Congress|first=Arkadev|last=Ghoshal|date=7 March 2018|website=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref>

== Activities ==
In 1919, Ramasamy joined the [[Indian National Congress]]. Nagammai actively supported his political career. When [[Mahatma Gandhi]] called for the Temperance movement, she organised the women to picket the [[Palm wine|toddy]] shops in [[Erode]].<ref name="Gopalakrishnan1991">{{cite book|author=M. D. Gopalakrishnan|title=Periyar: father of the Tamil race|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MShuAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=13 December 2018|year=1991|publisher=Emerald|page=9}}</ref> As the movement turned violent in some parts of the country, the Congress leaders requested Gandhi to stop the agitations. Gandhi replied that the matter was "not in his hands, but in the hands of two women at Erode", referring to Nagammai and her sister in law, Kannamal.<ref name="vikatan" />

As [[untouchability]] prevailed in the [[Travancore]] region, low caste people were prohibited from entering the temple and the streets around it.<ref name="auto"/> Congress started the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]], a protest to allow access for all to the prohibited places. Nagammai and Ramasamy joined the protest on 14 April 1924. She led the women during the protests and was arrested in May 1924.<ref name="Grey2016">{{cite book|author=Mary Grey|title=A Cry for Dignity: Religion, Violence and the Struggle of Dalit Women in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FeVmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA122|date=16 June 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-47840-1|pages=122–}}</ref>

When Ramasamy started the [[Self-Respect Movement]] in 1925. Nagammai encouraged women to participate in the movement. She conducted several [[Women in Hinduism|widow remarriages]] and [[Self-Respect Movement#Self-Respect marriages|Self-Respect marriages]].<ref name="vikatan" /> She was the editor of ''[[Kudi Arasu]]'' magazine when Ramasamy went on tour to [[Europe]].<ref name="vikatan" />

== Legacy ==
Nagammai died on 11 May 1933 in Erode.<ref name="vikatan" /> There are several schools in [[Tamil Nadu]] named after her. The [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] introduced Periyar EVR Nagammai Free Education scheme to fund free higher education for girls in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kalvimalar.dinamalar.com/news-details.asp?cat=14&id=9|title=Periyar EVR Nagammai Free Education scheme - Kalvimalar - News|website=kalvimalar.dinamalar.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]

Annai E. V. R. Nagammai - Revision history

imported>Necrothesp: deprod; I think this needs to go to AfD

>Adumbrativus: /* Activities */ Remove dubious source