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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2018}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Anita Kaul
| image =Anitakaulias.jpg
| birth_date = 19 September 1954
| birth_place =
| death_date = 10 October 2016
| occupation = Indian Administrative Service
}}

'''Anita Kaul''' ([[Given name#Name at birth|née]] '''Kripalani''';19 September 1954 – 10 October 2016) was an [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/Anita-Kaul-a-1979-batch-IAS-officer-of-the-Karnataka-cadre-took-charge-as-the-Secretary-Department-of-Justice-in-the-Ministry-of-Law-Justice-on-Thursday-Immediately-before-joining-the-Department-of-Justice-Kaul-was-the-Principal-Secretary-Planning-in-the-Programme-Implementation-Department-of-the-Govt-of-Karnataka-Earlier-she-had-served-as-Joint-Secretary-and-Additional-Secretary-in-the-Ministry-of-Human-Resource-Development-Govt-of-India-EOM-ROHITH-B-R-TIMES-OF-INDIA-Bangalore-/articleshow/21529546.cms?|title=Anita Kaul, a 1979 batch IAS officer of the Karnataka cadre, took charge as the Secretary, Department of Justice in the Ministry of Law & Justice on Thursday|date=1 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=26 October 2016}}</ref> best known for her contributions to the Indian education sector.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/anita-kaul-a-civil-servant-devoted-to-educational-reform/article9208519.ece|title=Anita Kaul: A civil servant devoted to educational reform|date=12 October 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=26 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/TRIBUTE-Anita-Kauls-role-in-reforming-education-system-was-vital/articleshow/54822796.cms|title=Anita Kaul's role in reforming education system was vital|date=13 October 2016|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=28 October 2016}}</ref> She was one of the principal architects of the [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act|Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education]] Act<ref>{{cite news|title=Remembering IAS Officer Anita Kaul, Who Reformed Our Education System with the RTE Act|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/remembering-ias-officer-anita-kaul-111334366.html|access-date=26 October 2016|publisher=Yahoo News|date=25 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109045715/https://in.news.yahoo.com/remembering-ias-officer-anita-kaul-111334366.html|archive-date=9 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ramachandran|first=Vimala|year=2016|title=In Memoriam: Anita Kaul|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2016/687/687_in_memoriam.htm|journal=Seminar|volume=687 (November 2015)}}</ref> which was the consequential legislation under [http://mhrd.gov.in/rte Article 21-A] of the Indian constitution that made [[Right to education|education a fundamental right]] for every child in India. She retired as Secretary, [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Department of Justice]], the [[Indian order of precedence|highest ranking civil servant]] in the Ministry of Law and Justice.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/anita-kaul-new-secretary-justice-in-law-ministry-113070400590_1.html|title=Anita Kaul new Secretary, Justice in Law Ministry|agency=Business Standard}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Education ===

Between 2006–2012, she served in the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development|Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resources Development]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/mhrd-official-visits-block-resource-training-centre/article521057.ece|title=MHRD official visits block resource training centre|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> During this period, she coordinated the passage and implementation<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2016/10/obituary-anita-kaul-former-ias-and.html|title=About Bureaucrats In India|date=12 October 2016|access-date=26 October 2016}}</ref> of the [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act]] (Right to Education Act) as well as the successful [[constitutional law]] defence of the Right to Education Act before the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-06/news/49661680_1_constitution-bench-institutions-private-unaided-schools|title=Supreme Court upholds constitutional validity of RTE Act|date=6 May 2014|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> She had previously served as Secretary, [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/07/10/stories/2005071008810300.htm|title=Focus on developing fluency in mother tongue|date=10 July 2005|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=26 October 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> an autonomous organisation of the Government of India where she led efforts in the process of social deliberation for the [[National Curriculum Framework (NCF 2005)|National Curriculum Framework 2005]] (NCF). The NCF set out what should be taught to children in India and how.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncert.nic.in/rightside/links/pdf/framework/english/nf2005.pdf|title=National Curriculum Framework 2005}}</ref>

In the 1990s, as Project Director of the World Bank funded District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/20000330/fco26034.html|title=Top Down Travails|date=30 March 2000|access-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120152617/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/20000330/fco26034.html|archive-date=20 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> (1996-1999) and Secretary, Department of Education in the Government of Karnataka (1999-2000),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cips.org.in/documents/DownloadPDF/downloadpdf.php?id=300&category=Education|title=Centre for Innovations in Public Systems - Education}}</ref> she played an important role<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/anita-kaul-a-civil-servant-devoted-to-educational-reform/article9208519.ece|title=Anita Kaul: A civil servant devoted to educational reform|date=12 October 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> in bringing the ''Nali Kali'' (or joyful learning) approach to learning to Karnataka's [[primary school]]s.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/seeds/seed_edu.pdf|title=Nali Kali - A not so silent revolution for joyful learning|publisher=Planning Commission of India|quote="The Nali-Kali approach is unique and precious, because it is entirely primary school teacher created." Anita Kaul, Education Secretary and ex-State Project Director, DPEP, Karnataka}}</ref> Developed with [[UNICEF]] assistance, the ''Nali Kali'' strategy adopted creative learning practices in a joyful, affirming, non-threatening environment that helped improve enrollment, particularly of girls, in rural primary schools in the [[Karnataka|State of Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unicef.in/Story/356/Nali-Kali-initiative-Karnataka|title=Nali-Kali initiative - Karnataka|website=UNICEF India}}</ref>

Earlier in her career, she had served as Director of the [[National Literacy Mission Programme|National Literacy Mission]] (1988-1992) where she advocated reforms<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mangla|first=Akshay|date=June 2017|title=Elite strategies and incremental policy change: The expansion of primary education in India|journal=Governance|language=en|volume=31|issue=2|pages=381–399|doi=10.1111/gove.12299|issn=1468-0491|quote=It bears emphasizing that the officials advocating for reforms were in some ways unconventional....Perhaps, for that reason, social programs attracted highly committed officials. For example, Anita Kaul, who led the NLM during its first two years, spent more than 25 years of her IAS career working in social sector programs, including education, nutrition and women and child development.}}</ref> and implemented the highly successful district-based Total Literacy Campaigns across India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Ghosh|first=Avik|year=1997|title=Looking Beyond Literacy Campaigns|jstor=4406195|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=32|issue=51|pages=3246–3248}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=March 1992|title=Literacy Efforts in India|journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science|volume=520|issue=1|pages=151–162|doi=10.1177/0002716292520001016|last1=Bordia|first1=Anil|last2=Kaul|first2=Anita|s2cid=144724694}}</ref> The Total Literacy Campaigns started in 1989 in [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]] district and was founded on the principle of wider public participation linking elected representatives in local bodies, district administration and voluntary agencies to create an upsurge of people's participation for achieving the goal of eradicating illiteracy from the district.<ref name=":0" />

=== Other career highlights ===
In her last posting with the Government of India, as Secretary, Department of Justice, she facilitated the passage of the [[National Judicial Appointments Commission|National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill]], 2014 (NJAC). The NJAC was enacted to bring about transparency in the appointment and transfer of judges to the higher judiciary in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/rajya-sabha-passes-judicial-appointments-bill/|title=Parliament passes Judicial Appointments bill}}</ref>

Earlier in her career, as Director, [https://web.archive.org/web/20180317053510/http://dwcdkar.gov.in/ Women and Child Development], Government of Karnataka (1993-1995) and around the time of the passage of the l[[Panchayati raj (India)|andmark 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act]], she initiated training programmes for women elected local body members encompassing cross sectoral issues of health, education, water and sanitation and common property resources.<ref name=":0" /> Later, as Director General of three institutes in Karnataka: the [[Administrative Training Institute, Mysore|Administrative Training Institute]] (ATI), [http://www.sirdmysore.gov.in/ State Institute of Rural Development] (SIRD) and State Institute of Urban Development (SIUD),<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/12/25/stories/2004122506930300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008120804/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/12/25/stories/2004122506930300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-08|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2004-12-25|title=Minister committed to strengthening Gram Sabhas}}</ref> she carried this initiative forward in conceptualising and implementing a large-scale, participatory, satellite-based training programme which reached out to more than 80,000 elected representatives of local bodies in Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kato|first=Rika|year=2004|title=Research Visit to India|url=http://lorc.ryukoku.ac.jp/phase1/docs/india_summary_report.pdf|journal=Research Centre for the Local Public Human Resources and Policy Development}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=24400|title=Anita Kaul , one of Karnataka's finest Bureaucrats|last=Balasubramaniam|first=Dr.|date=21 October 2016}}</ref>

== Anita Kaul Memorial Lecture ==
The '''Anita Kaul Memorial Lecture''' is an annual lecture organised by the '''[http://centreforequitystudies.org/ Centre for Equity Studies]''', '''[http://rainbowhome.in/tag/rainbow-foundation-india/ Rainbow Foundation India]''' and '''[https://www.mobilecreches.org/ Mobile Creches]''' in memory of Anita Kaul.

The 1st Anita Kaul Memorial Lecture was delivered on 15 October 2017 by Professor [[Krishna Kumar (educationist)|Krishna Kumar]], former Director of the [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)]] and chaired by Professor [[Shantha Sinha|Shanta Sinha]], Founder, MV Foundation and former Chairperson of [[National Commission for Protection of Child Rights]], Government of India. The lecture was titled "Education and Inequality in India".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4ZRWnpp7Nk|title=1st Anita Kaul Memorial Lecture|date=24 December 2018}}</ref>

The 2nd Anita Kaul Memorial Lecture was delivered on 13 October 2018 by Professor [[Amita Dhanda]], Professor of Law, [[Nalsar University of Law]], Hyderabad in October 2018 and chaired by [[Aruna Roy]], Founder [[Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan]] (MKSS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mobilecreches.org/single-post/2018/10/17/The-2nd-Anita-Kaul-Memorial-Lecture?|title=2nd Anita Kaul Memorial Lecture|date=24 December 2018}}</ref> The lecture was titled "Realizing the Right to Education for All: At the Altar of the Courts or in the Hands of the People".

== See also ==
* [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act]]
* [[Literacy in India]]
* [[Education in India]]
*[[Ministry of Human Resource Development]]
*[[Indian Administrative Service]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaul, Anita}}
[[Category:Women educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Women in Karnataka politics]]
[[Category:20th-century women educators]]
[[Category:21st-century women educators]]

Anita Kaul - Revision history

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