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{{short description|Indian experimental physicist (born 1941)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Anil Kumar
| image = Anil iisc.gif
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1941|6|25}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = [[Indian nationality|Indian]]
| spouse = Padma Kumar
| children = Pankaja and Ankur
| known_for = Studies on [[Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy],[Quantum information processing]]
}}

'''Anil Kumar''' (born 25 June 1941) is an Indian experimental physicist known for his work in the field of [[Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6RVAAAAMAAJ|volume=58|year=1999|publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.|page=554}}</ref> He is a professor at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in [[Bangalore]].<ref>https://www.iisc.ac.in/</ref>

==Early life and education==

Anil did his college studies at [[Meerut College]] (Agra University) from where he graduated in 1959 and completed his master's degree in 1961. From 1961–1964 he worked at Meerut College as a lecturer in Physics, and then studied at [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]], graduating with a PhD degree in 1969 under the supervision of Prof. B. D. N. Rao.

Anil moved to the [[United States]] for his post-doctoral studies: one year at [[Georgia Institute of Technology]], [[Atlanta]] and two years at the [[University of North Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://nrc.iisc.ernet.in/anil/alma.htm |title = Bio-Data}}</ref>

==Career==
Anil worked with Nobel Laureate [[Richard R. Ernst]] as a research associate during 1973–76. He then worked jointly with [[Richard R. Ernst|Richard Ernst]] and Nobel Laureate [[Kurt Wüthrich]] during 1979–80 at [[ETH Zurich]], [[Switzerland]], where he participated in the pioneering work on 2D NMR spectroscopy.<ref name="Grant1996">{{cite book|author=David M. Grant|title=Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Historical Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFdLAQAAIAAJ|date=3 June 1996|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-95839-0|page=298}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | doi=10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1177| chapter=Two-Dimensional NMR of Molecules Oriented in Liquid Crystals-Recent Developments| title=Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance| year=2009| last1=Kumar| first1=Anil| last2=Suryaprakash| first2=N.| isbn=978-0470034590}}</ref>

Anil joined the Department of Physics in January 1977 at [[Indian Institute of Science]], [[Bangalore]]. He then was a Senior Scientific Officer (1977–82), Assistant Professor (1982–84), Associate Professor (1984–1990) and Professor (1990–2003) at IISc Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://nrc.iisc.ernet.in/anil/ | title=Anilkumar}}</ref>

He also held the position of Chairman of the Department of Physics (1994–97). At IISc, he was associated with the NMR facility as Resident-in-charge (1977–82), as Joint Convener (1984–94) and as Convener (1998–2003). He worked on the development of modern NMR methodology, established a research group at the Indian Institute of Science [[Bangalore]] in this field, and trained a number of PhD students. He has published more than 150 research papers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=1NkvZlQAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Anil Kumar - Google Scholar Citations|website=scholar.google.co.in}}</ref>

Anil initially worked on the development of double-resonance NMR techniques for relaxation studies. He performed the first 2D NMR experiment in liquids and the first 2D Fourier imaging experiment (which is now widely used in [[Magnetic resonance imaging]]). He also applied two-dimensional NMR techniques to the study of [[biomolecules]]. He was the first to apply the two-dimensional [[Nuclear Overhauser effect|Nuclear Overhauser Effect]] (2D-NOE now known as NOESY) experiment to a biomolecule, which opened the field for the determination of three-dimensional structures of biomolecules in solution by NMR spectroscopy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Anil |last2=Ernst |first2=R.R. |last3=Wüthrich |first3=K. |title=A two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (2D NOE) experiment for the elucidation of complete proton-proton cross-relaxation networks in biological macromolecules |journal=Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |date=July 1980 |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1016/0006-291X(80)90695-6 |pmid=7417242 }}</ref>

Anil also has major contributions in the field of [[Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer|NMR Quantum Information Processing]] and NMR quantum computing. He with his group has successfully demonstrated experimentally, distillation of pseudo pure states, implementation of logical operations and gates on 2,3 and 4 qubit systems as well as implemented 2 and 3 qubit [[Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm|Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithm]], using one and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dorai |first1=Kavita |last2=Arvind |last3=Kumar |first3=Anil |title=Implementing quantum-logic operations, pseudopure states, and the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm using noncommuting selective pulses in NMR |journal=Physical Review A |date=15 March 2000 |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=042306 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.61.042306 |bibcode=2000PhRvA..61d2306D |arxiv=quant-ph/9906027 }}</ref>

==Recognition==

Anil is a fellow of [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ias.ac.in/listing/fellows/A | title=Fellowship | Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/detail/N89-1024|title=INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail|website=www.insaindia.res.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasi.org.in/pastoff.htm|title=The National Academy of Sciences, India - Past Officers|website=www.nasi.org.in}}</ref> and of [[The World Academy of Sciences]] [[Trieste]]. He is also a recipient of the Sir C.V.Raman Medal (Hari Om Trust of UGC) 1993, Platinum Jubilee Lecture Award<ref>http://www.sciencecongress.nic.in/pdf/Platinum_Jubilee_Lectures.pdf</ref> of the [[Indian Science Congress Association]] 1994, Prof. K. Rangadhama Rao Memorial Award of INSA 1996, FICCI Award for Physical Sciences 1996–97, MSIL Chair at IISc<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iisc.ac.in/about/endowed-chairs/endowed-chairs-for-the-faculty/|title=Endowed chairs for the Faculty|website=Indian Institute of Science}}</ref>
1994–97 and Alumni Award of IISc for Excellence in Research in Science 2000.

Anil received the 2001 Goyal Award in Chemistry, "Life-time Achievement Award" by the [[Indian Chemical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianchemicalsociety.com/announcement|title=Indian Chemical Society|website=indianchemicalsociety.com}}</ref> for the year 2011 and the DAE-Raja Ramanna Prize<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/blank_page.php/DAE--Raja-Ramanna-Lecture-in-Physics/68/1/|title=Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research|website=www.jncasr.ac.in}}</ref> Lecture in Physics of [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]] (JNCASR) 2003. He held a Visiting Chair Condorcet at [[École normale supérieure (Paris)]] [[France]] in 1998 and Visiting Professorships at [[The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] [[United States]] 1989–90, [[Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis]] USA 1994 and [[University of Michigan]] Ann Arbor 1998–99.

After superannuation, he was designated an Honorary Professor at IISc Bangalore and currently is NASI Honorary Scientist at IISc Bangalore.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://nrc.iisc.ernet.in/anil/ Faculty profile at the Indian Institute of Science]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Anil}}
[[Category:Indian scientists]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Anil Kumar (physicist) - Revision history

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