Ankithreddy at 15:22, 9 March 2026

2026-03-09T15:22:38Z

>Jakichandan: Reverted 3 edits by 2401:4900:3C70:C371:CA39:4C41:76A6:8E82 (talk): Wp:npov

2021-07-04T05:32:08Z

Reverted 3 edits by 2401:4900:3C70:C371:CA39:4C41:76A6:8E82 (talk): Wp:npov

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Angika
| nativename = अंगिका
| states = [[India]] and [[Nepal]]
| region = [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] states of India and [[Terai]] region of Nepal<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/anp/|title=Angika|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130607/https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/anp/|archive-date=21 March 2018}}</ref>
| nation = {{IND}}
* [[Jharkhand]]<ref name="telegraph_jharkhand_official"/> (additional)
| speakers = 743,600
| date = 1996
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern]]
| fam5 = [[Bihari languages|Bihari]]
| script = [[Devanagari]], [[Anga Lipi]], [[Kaithi]]
| iso2 = anp
| iso3 = anp
| glotto = angi1238
| glottorefname = Angika
| notice = Indic
}}
{{Incubator|code= anp}}
'''Angika''' (अंगिका) is a language spoken primarily in the [[Anga area|Anga region]] of [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] states of [[India]]. In addition to India, it is also spoken in some parts of the [[Terai]] region of [[Nepal]].<ref name="ethnologue.com"/> It belongs to the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern Indo-Aryan]] language family. It is closely related to languages such as [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Magahi language|Magahi]].

Angika is not listed in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution|8th schedule of the constitution of India]]. Nevertheless, Angika language movements have advocated its inclusion, and a submitted request is currently pending with the Government.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=5928 | title = Languages in the Eighth Schedule | publisher = Ministry of Home Affairs | date = 22 December 2004 | access-date = 5 May 2011 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130430162547/http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=5928 | archive-date = 30 April 2013 }}</ref> Angika is written in the [[Devanagari]] script; although the [[Anga Lipi]] and [[Kaithi script|Kaithi]] scripts were used historically.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
Angika shows a regular contrast for animates.{{sfn|Colin P. Masica|1993|p=221}}

== Territory ==

Angika is mainly spoken in [[Anga area]] which includes [[Munger district|Munger]], [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]] and [[Banka district]]s of Bihar and the [[Santhal Pargana division]] of [[Jharkhand]].{{sfn|Colin P. Masica|1993|p=12}} Its speakers number around 15 million people.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sevanti Ninan |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHRNs4Pt2YAC&pg=PA61 |year=2007 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-0-7619-3580-3 |page=61 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511100606/https://books.google.com/books?id=QHRNs4Pt2YAC&pg=PA61 |archive-date=11 May 2018 }}</ref>
In addition to the [[Anga area]], it is also spoken in some parts of [[Purnia district]] of Bihar.<ref name="ethnologue.com"/> However, in Purnia, it is a minority language as Purnia has a [[Maithils|Maithil]] majority.<ref>https://m.aajtak.in/elections/lok-sabha-election-2019/story/purnia-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-live-updates-will-santosh-kumar-win-again-from-this-seat-1085204-2019-05-23</ref>
Apart from Bihar and Jharkhand states of India, it is also spoken in the [[Morang district]] of Nepalese Terai as a minority language. 1.9% people of Morang returned Angika as their mother tongue during the [[2011 Nepal census]].<ref>[https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf 2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables]</ref>

== Relationship to Maithili ==

Angika was classified as a dialect of [[Maithili language|Maithili]] by [[George A. Grierson]] in the ''[[Linguistic Survey of India]]'' (1903).<ref name="uchicago.edu">{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=5-2&pages=466#page/110/mode/1up|title=The Record News|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903110135/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=5-2&pages=466#page/110/mode/1up|archive-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> However, the Angika speakers now assert its status as an independent language. When the proponents of the Maithili language in Bihar demanded use of Maithili-[[medium of instruction|medium]] primary education in the early 20th century, the Angika speaking people did not support them, and instead favoured [[Hindi]]-medium education.{{sfn|Mithilesh Kumar Jha|2017|p=163}} In the 1960s and the 1970s, when the Maithili speakers demanded a separate [[Mithila, India|Mithila]] state, the Angika and Bajjika speakers made counter-demands for recognition of their languages.{{sfn|Kathleen Kuiper|2010|p=57}}

Maithili proponents believe that the [[Government of Bihar]] and the pro-Hindi Bihar Rashtrabhasha Parishad promoted Angika and [[Bajjika]] as distinct languages to weaken the Maithili language movement; many of them still consider Angika to be a dialect of Maithili.{{sfn|Mithilesh Kumar Jha|2017|p=163}} People from mainly [[Maithil Brahmin]]s and [[Karan Kayastha]]s castes have supported the Maithili movement, while people from various other castes in the Mithila region have projected Angika and Bajjika as their mother tongues, attempting to break away from the Maithili-based regional identity.{{sfn|Manish Kumar Thakur|2002|p=208}}

== Official status ==

Angika has the status of "second state language" in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]] since 2018. It shares this status with 15 other languages, including Maithili.<ref name="telegraph_jharkhand_official">{{cite news |author=Sudhir Kumar Mishra |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/bhojpuri-3-more-to-get-official-tag-217369 |title=Bhojpuri, 3 more to get official tag |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=22 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204611/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/bhojpuri-3-more-to-get-official-tag-217369 |archive-date=22 March 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/jharkhand-gives-2nd-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithali/States/news/1175423.html |title=Jharkhand gives 2nd language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithali |publisher=[[United News of India]] |date=21 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102352/http://www.uniindia.com/~/jharkhand-gives-2nd-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithali/States/news/1175423.html |archive-date=24 March 2018 }}</ref>

== Basic vocabulary ==
[[File:Rimi_Jhimi_Paniya.webm|thumb|Rimi Jhimi Paniya is an Angika language wedding song about the humiliation involved in the prospect of not being able to pay a dowry. The rain pours and falls in the house via the holes in the roof, raining on his plans for a financially safe future.

[[oldwikisource:रिमी_झिमी_पनिया|Read full transcription at Wikisource]]]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!S.No.
!Angika
!Latin transliteration
!English
|-
|1
|फेर मिलबे
|Fer milbe
|See you later
|-
|2
|तोर नाम कि छो?
|Tor naam ki chho?
|What is your name?
|-
|3
|तों किरंग छो?
|Ton kirang chho?
|How are you?
|-
|4
|
|
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Angika literature]]
*[[Anga Lipi]]
*[[Anga]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Colin P. Masica |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&pg=PA12 |year=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29944-2 }}
* {{cite book |editor=Kathleen Kuiper |title=The Culture of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c8PJFLeURhsC&pg=PA57 |year=2010 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-1-61530-149-2 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Manish Kumar Thakur |title=The politics of minority languages: Some reflections on the Maithili language movement |journal=Journal of Social and Economic Development |volume=4 |issue=2 |year=2002 |pages=199–212 |url=http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/bitstream/handle/unigoa/1461/J_Social_Econ_Develop_4_199.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y }}
* {{cite book |author=Mithilesh Kumar Jha |title=Language Politics and Public Sphere in North India: Making of the Maithili Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-pIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT158 |year=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press India |isbn=978-0-19-909172-0 }}
{{ref end}}

{{Bihari languages}}
{{Languages of India}}
{{Languages of Nepal}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Nepal]]
[[Category:Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Bihari languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Bihar]]
[[Category:Languages of Jharkhand]]

Angika - Revision history

Ankithreddy at 15:22, 9 March 2026

>Jakichandan: Reverted 3 edits by 2401:4900:3C70:C371:CA39:4C41:76A6:8E82 (talk): Wp:npov