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	{{About\|the historical and cultural region in India\|Mahajanapadas in India\|Anga Mahajanapada\|other uses\|Anga (disambiguation){{!}}Anga}}{{See also\|Vikramashila\|Manjusha Art\|Anga Mahajanapada}}		{{About\|the historical and cultural region in India\|Mahajanapadas in India\|Anga Mahajanapada\|other uses\|Anga (disambiguation){{!}}Anga}}{{See also\|Vikramashila\|Manjusha Art\|Anga Mahajanapada}}

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{{About|the historical and cultural region in India|Mahajanapadas in India|Anga Mahajanapada|other uses|Anga (disambiguation){{!}}Anga}}{{See also|Vikramashila|Manjusha Art|Anga Mahajanapada}}

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anga
| native_name =
| type = Cultural region
| subdivision_type = Continent
| subdivision_name = [[Asia]]
| subdivision_type1 = Countries
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = States
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] (India)
| blank_name_sec1 = Regional Language(s) and/or dialect(s)
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Angika language|Angika]] and several other dialects of Angika
| area_total_km2 =
| population_as_of =
| population_total =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo1a =A_View_of_the_Fort_of_Mongheer%2C_upon_the_banks_of_the_River_Ganges.jpg
|photo2a =Vikramshila_2012-08-10-17.14.08.jpg
| spacing =1

| position = center
| color_border = white
| color = white

| foot_montage = Top to bottom: [[Munger Fort]], ([[Munger|Malinipuri]]) &[[Vikramshila]] ([[Bhagalpur|Champapuri]]) }}

}}
'''Anga'''({{IAST3|Angā}}), also known as '''Ang Pradesh''' and '''Angika-Belt'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Mithila Sharan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F80BAAAAMAAJ |title=The Historical Geography and Topography of Bihar |date=1963 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-2657-1 |language=en}}</ref> and is a geographical and cultural region of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The native language in is [[Angika]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Caudharī |first=Abhayakānta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp0JAQAAIAAJ |title=Angika sahitya ka itihasa |date=1977 |publisher=Shekhar Prakashan |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

The name Anga is commonly used to refer to the [[Anga]] Kingdom, as well as to the modern-day territories that fall within the ancient boundaries of Anga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Missal |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6Q7EAAAQBAJ&q=anga |title=Karna: The King of Anga |date=2021-09-14 |publisher=S&S India |isbn=978-81-951317-0-9 |language=en}}</ref>

== Territory ==
The Territory of '''Anga''' or '''Angika-Speaking Belt'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Mithila Sharan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&redir_esc=y&id=z9S1AAAAIAAJ&dq=Ang+Pradesh+Bihar&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ang+Pradesh+Bihar |title=The Historical Geography and Topography of Bihar |date=1963 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-2657-1 |language=en}}</ref> includes most of the [[Munger division|Munger]] and [[Bhagalpur division|Bhagalpur]] divisions and some south eastern parts of [[Purnia division]] in [[Bihar]] along with [[Santhal Pargana division]] of [[Jharkhand]].{{sfn|Masica|1993|p=12}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Kumari |first=Khusbu |last2=Upadhyay |first2=Ramanjaney Kumar |date=17 June 2020 |title=Socio-Cultural Aspects of Angika |url=https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/download/1956/1934 |journal=- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(6). ISSN 1567-214x |pages=1,2,3,4 |via=}}</ref> Its speakers number around 15 million people.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sevanti Ninan |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHRNs4Pt2YAC&pg=PA61 |year=2007 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-0-7619-3580-3 |page=61 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511100606/https://books.google.com/books?id=QHRNs4Pt2YAC&pg=PA61 |archive-date=11 May 2018 }}</ref>
Outside the Anga region, it is also spoken in the [[Morang district]] of Nepalese Terai as a minority language. 1.9% people of Morang returned Angika as their mother tongue during the [[2011 Nepal census]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |title=2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables |access-date=5 August 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314170005/https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|Anga Mahajanapada|}}
{{See also|Karna}}
Anga was first mentioned in the ''[[Atharvaveda]]'', where it was connected to the [[Gandhara|Gāndhārīs]], Mūjavats, and [[Magadha|Māgadhīs]]. The founder of Aṅga might have been the king Aṅga Vairocana, who is mentioned in the [[Aitareya Brahmana|''Aitareya Brāhmaṇa'']] as a ruler who had been consecrated by the Aryan ritual of ''Aindra mahābhiśeka''.

Vedic literature such as the ''Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra'' nevertheless listed the Āṅgeyas with peoples described as being of "mixed origin."

Aṅga was a powerful kingdom at the time of the ''Aitareya Brāhmaṇa'', which mentions the "world conquest" of one of the Āṅgeya kings. The Āṅgeya capital of Campā itself was counted until the time of the Buddha's death among the six most prominent cities of northern India, along with [[Rajgir|Rājagaha]], [[Shravasti|Sāvatthī]], [[Sāketa]], [[Kosambi|Kosāmbī]], and [[Varanasi|Vārāṇasī]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Dwijendra Narayan |title=Ancient India: in historical outline |date=2014 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-285-0 |edition=Reprinted |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

=== Mention in Ramayana and Mahabharata ===
According to the [[Mahabharata]] (I.104.53-54) and [[Puranic]] literature, ''Aṅga'' was named after Prince Anga, the founder of the kingdom, and the son of Vali, who had no sons. So, he requested the sage, Dirghatamas, to bless him with sons. The sage is said to have begotten five sons through his wife, the queen Sudesna.<ref name="vayu">{{cite book |author=Devendrakumar Rajaram Patil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&pg=PA46 |title=Cultural History from the Vāyu Purāna |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Pub. |year=1946 |isbn=9788120820852 |pages=46}}</ref> The princes were named Aṅga, [[Vanga Kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Vaṅga]], [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kaliṅga]], [[Suhma Kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Sumha]] and [[Pundra Kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Pundra]].<ref name="enHindu">{{cite book |author=Gaṅgā Rām Garg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&q=Bali+Kalinga+Vanga&pg=PA18 |title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World, Volume 1 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1992 |isbn=9788170223740}} The prince Vaṅga founded [[Vanga Kingdom|Vaṅga kingdom]], in the current day region of southern [[Bangladesh]] and the eastern part of southern [[West Bengal]]. The prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]], in the current day region of coastal Orissa, including the North Sircars. Also the price Pundra founded [[Pundra Kingdom|Pundra]] consisting of the northern regions of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]]. The prince [[Suhma]] founded [[Suhma Kingdom]] in the western part of southern [[West Bengal]].</ref>

The [[Ramayana]] (1.23.14) narrates the origin of name ''Aṅga'' as the place where Kamadeva was burnt to death by Siva and where his body parts (''aṅgas'') are scattered.<ref>[http://www.valmikiramayan.net/bala/sarga23/bala_23_frame.htm Balakanda Book I, Chapter 23]</ref>

== Festival ==
[[File:Mansa Puja in Bhagalpur.jpg|center|thumb|Mansa Puja(Vishari Puja),the folk festival of Anga Region ,celebration in Deepnagar Chowk , Bhagalpur.]]
Festivals are the core part cultural part of the community. Anga celebrates the festivals of all daith with great enthusiasm and zeal. However, [[Manasa]] Puja<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2020 |title=Behula Bisahari |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhagalpur/bala-bihula-vishahari-worship-is-the-folklore-of-the-organ-learn-what-is-recognition}}</ref> (Based on Behula Vishahari folklore) and [[Kali Puja]] are the two intangible cultural heritage of the region. Apart from these, Durga Puja, Saraswati Puja, Chhath Puja, Biswakarma Puja, Basanti Puja, Holi, Christmas, Guru Poornima and Eid too holds a great significance for the region.

* '''Manasa Puja (Bihula-Vishari Puja)'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihula Vishhari: जानिए बिहुला-विषहरी की पूरी कहानी, क्या है बारी कलश की मान्यता |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/patna/know-the-full-story-of-bihula-vishhari-what-is-the-importance-of-bari-kalash/1307472 |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

Manasa Puja is the folk festival In Bihar's Ang region. It is the biggest festival of Anga .'''[[Champapuri]]''' the capital of Ang Pradesh is the main temple of Maa Vishari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-17 |title=अंग की लोकगाथा है बाला-बिहुला-विषहरी पूजा, ...जानें क्या है मान्यता? |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhagalpur/bala-bihula-vishahari-worship-is-the-folklore-of-the-organ-learn-what-is-recognition |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref> '''Maa Manasa''' is regarded as Goddess of Serpants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Story of Goddess Manasa |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/story-of-goddess-manasa/ewXxxyq4sezQew |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> Even today, the tradition of Manasa (Bihula-Vishhari) Puja, which has been going on since mythological times, continues. Mata Mansa is worshiped in Bihula-Vishhari. Maa Mansa is said to be the daughter of Shiva and the sister of Vasuki sitting as a garland around Mahadev's neck. Mythological beliefs of Bihula Vishhari story of Champanagar of Ang Pradesh are spread everywhere. Its facts are also found in the remains of Vikramshila even two historical idols of Maa Manasa have been found from the ruins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मां विषहरी पूजा: बिहुला विषहरी की गाथा का साक्षी है अंग का इतिहास |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/bhagalpur/story-history-of-angh-mother-vishahari-worship-and-bihula-is-a-witness-of-vishahari-worship-2693163.html |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>

* '''Kali Puja'''

'''''Anga''''' is famous for the way of its Kali Puja Celebration which is one of the most celebrated festivals of the whole region.Together with Manasa Puja , it is ''<u>intangible cultural heritage festival of Anga</u>''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=PHOTOS: बिहार के भागलपुर में 32 फीट की काली प्रतिमा, देखें जिले में स्थापित देवी की और भी तस्वीरें |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhagalpur-kali-puja-2022-pics-see-latest-photo-of-kali-murti-in-bhagalpur-bihar-skt |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>
* '''Chhath Puja'''

As per Legends, [[Chhath|Chhath Puja]] stems from the early [[Vedic period]], where sages would fast for days and perform the puja with mantras from [[Rigveda]]. It is believed that Chhath Puja was also performed by [[Karna]], the son of [[Surya|Lord Surya]] and the King of [[Anga]] . It is therfore celebrated in every region of [[Bihar]] with full enthusiasm and is termed as '''Mahaparv''' for [[Biharis]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=जानिए छठ पर्व का महत्व, कर्ण ने सबसे पहले की थी सूर्य देव की पूजा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/knpw-about-chhath-pooja-and-karna |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-01 |title=Chhath Puja 2019: History, significance, and why it is celebrated |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/chhath-puja-2019-history-significance-and-why-it-is-celebrated/story-SmMIr4U3oNcHhFCejiokSN.html |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=नगरपारा दह में छठ पर्व का दिखा उत्साह |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/bhagalpur/story-the-enthusiasm-of-chhath-festival-was-shown-in-nagarpara-dah-7290635.html |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>
[[File:Narayanpur Ganga Ghat, Chhath Puja,Bhagalpur district.jpg|center|thumb|Chhath Celebration in Narayanpur, Bhagalpur]]

== Culture ==

=== Angika Cuisine ===
Angika cuisine, predominantly consumed in the Anga region, is characterized by the use of mustard oil, fish, and bamboo shoots. The famous Bihari Fish Curry and Sarse Baingan (a mustard preparation of eggplant) are beloved Angika delicacies. Other Angika cuisines are [[Ghugni|Ghugni-Mudi]] , [[Thekua]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Bihari Cuisines- 4 regions,4 cuisines |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-and-museums/each-dish-is-a-story-in-itself-news-290954 |journal=Arts and Museum |pages=1}}</ref>
[[File:Bihari Ghoogni.webp|alt=Ghoogni|center|thumb|Bihari Style Ghughni which is served with Mudi]]
[[File:Sarsebaigan.jpg|center|thumb|Sarsebaigan (a unique delicious spicy Angika Cuisine of Mustard and Eggplant)]]

=== Manjusha Art<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=MR Ashok Kumar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Fgv2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105&dq=Ang+Pradesh+Bihar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkhPHX2MWAAxUFslYBHVU-BYw4ChDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=Ang%20Pradesh%20Bihar&f=false |title=Bihar K Kaljai Shilpkar |date=2018-08-01 |publisher=Upendra Maharathi Shilp Anusandhan Sansthan |language=hi}}</ref> ===
'''Manjusha Art''' is an [[India|Indian]] art form. They are temple-shaped boxes comprising eight pillars. They are made of bamboo, jute, and paper. They also contain paintings of [[Hindu]] gods and goddesses and other characters. These boxes are used in Bishahari puja, a festival dedicated to Goddess Bishari that is celebrated in [[Bhagalpur]] , [[Munger]] and entire Anga Region of Bihar, India. <ref>{{Cite book |url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/12335/rec/74 |title=''Indian court painting, 16th-19th century.'' |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=1997 |isbn=0870997831 |location=[[New York City|New York]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sinha |first1=Rajiv Kumar |title=Manjusha Art: Reflections in Folk-Lore, Trade, and Regional History |last2=Pandey |first2=O.P |publisher=Shivalik Prakashan |oclc=811492081}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manjusha Art of Eastern Bihar |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/manjusha-art-eastern-bihar |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Sahapedia |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Manjusha Painting of Map of Bihar.png|center|thumb|Manjusha Painting (Map of Bihar in the Manjusha Painting portraying a great message)]]

=== Music and Drama ===
Music and drama plays a crucial role in Ang Culture,<ref>{{Cite web |title=पीजी संगीत व नाट्य विभाग में अंगिका सह मिथिला लोकपर्व का आयोजन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/darbhanga/story-angika-cum-mithila-folk-festival-organized-in-pg-music-and-drama-department-5325065.html |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref> although it is not so famous but is a daily part of lifestyle in Anga Region.There is also a Music Industry and film industry Angika Music Industry and Angika Film Industry which provides regional music and films based on good story-lines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samdhi Kahiya Jaibho Angika Comedy 2023 |url=https://filmfreeway.com/SamdhiKahiyaJaibhoAngikaComedy2023 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}</ref>[[Sharda Sinha]] ,a famous folk singer of Bihar has covered more than 1500 songs in all Bihari languages including [[Angika]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-05 |title=Sharda Sinha has more than 1500 folk songs in Angika , Bajjika , Maithili ,Magahi and Bhojpuri languages. |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/cant-lobby-for-a-rajya-sabha-or-vidhan-parishad-berth-sharda-sinha-7707292/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>During The 2023 Shravani Mela visit in Sultanganj, Another Angika Folk-Singer Chhaila Bihari stated that he will fight for the rights of Angika folksingers who are not getting the respect and platform that they deserve.<ref>{{Cite web |title=अंगिका कलाकारों के लिए संघर्ष करेंगे: छैला बिहारी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/bhagalpur/story-angika-will-fight-for-artists-chaila-bihari-8440139.html |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>'''Ang Mahotsav'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-21 |title=मुंगेर में बिहार दिवस सह अंग महोत्सव का हो रहा आयोजन, जानें 4 दिवसीय कार्यक्रम का शेड्यूल |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/munger-bihar-divas-2023-ang-mahotsav-is-being-organized-in-munger-from-21st-till-24th-march-5607533.html |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Diwas-cum-Anga Mahotsav 2023 {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://munger.nic.in/event/bihar-diwas-cum-anga-mahotsav-2023/ |access-date=2023-08-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>''',''' a cultural festival of Music and Drama is held every year in The Anga Region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-21 |title=VIDEO: अंग महोत्सव में सुनील छैला बिहारी के गीतों पर जमकर झूमे लोग |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/munger-people-enjoy-sunil-chhaila-bihari-songs-during-ang-mahotsav-in-munger-1311038.html |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

=== Language ===
[[Angika]] is the regional language of Anga Region and Anga is the linguistic region of this language.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-07-09 |title=CM urged to take steps for protection of Angika |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/cm-urged-to-take-steps-for-protection-of-angika/articleshow/9154248.cms |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Non-Profit Organisations ==
There are several non-profit organisations in Anga Region for recognisation of [[Angika|Angika language]] and upliftment of Anga Region.

=== All India Level ===

* Anga Utthan Andolan Samiti<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-07-24 |title=Efforts on for govt recognition of Angika |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/efforts-on-for-govt-recognition-of-angika/articleshow/9339183.cms |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
===Bihar & Jharkhand Level===
* Angika Samaj Party<ref>{{Cite news |title=Angika Samaj Party protest for recognisation of Angika in Katihar. |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |location=[[Katihar]] |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/bhagalpur/katihar/news/angika-samaj-party-staged-a-sit-in-demonstration-129236021.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=विभिन्न समस्याओं को लेकर अंगिका समाज पार्टी ने दिया धरना |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/munger/story-angika-samaj-party-protested-on-various-issues-7804461.html |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last = Masica|first=Colin P. |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&pg=PA12 |year=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29944-2 }}

[[Category:Regions of Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar]]
[[Category:Historical Indian regions]]
[[Category:Cultural regions]]
[[Category:Anga]]
[[Category:Linguistic history]]
[[Category:Regions of India]]
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Anga (region) - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT: Removed deletion tag: no deletion discussion page found

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article