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{{Short description|Mosque in Bijapur, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Andu Masjid
| infobox_width =
| image = Andu Masjid 3.jpg

| caption = The mosque, in 1866, by William Henry Pigou

| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| map_type = India Karnataka
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Karnataka]]
| location = [[Bijapur]], [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|16.8223|75.7183|region:IN-KA_type:landmark|format=dms|display=it}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| rite =
| consecration_year =
| status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active{{clarify|date=February 2025|reason=Is it still used as place of worship?}}
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| administration = [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]
| founded_by = I‘tibar Khan
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = {{AH|1017|link=yes}}
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity = One
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = Four
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials = Dressed stone
| designated =
| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Andu Masjid | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-KA-D130 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
}}
The '''Andu Masjid''', also known as '''Anda Masjid''', is a [[mosque]] located in [[Bijapur]], in the state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |author=Desai, Ziyaud-din |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80tSDwAAQBAJ&dq=andu+masjid&pg=PT87 |title=Mosques of India |publisher=The Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, [[Government of India]] |isbn=978-81-230-2618-3 |location=New Delhi |language=en }}</ref> The mosque is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]], administered by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Andu Masjid |url=http://www.asidharwadcircle.in/monument/the-andu-masjid/ |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]], Dharwad Circle |date= |access-date= }}</ref>

== Architecture ==
An inscription carved at the entrance of the mosque notes that it was commissioned by I‘tibar Khan in {{AH|1017|link=yes}}. Khan was a nobleman who lived during the reign of [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Cousens |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Cousens |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.25421/page/76/mode/2up |title=Bijapur and its architectural remains with an historical outline of the 'Adil Shahi dynasty |date=1976 |publisher=Bharatiya Publishing House |location=Varanasi |pages=77–79 }}</ref>

[[Henry Cousens]] posits that it was built as a women's mosque.<ref name=":1" /> The absence of a pulpit within the prayer-hall points to this conclusion, since no man would be allowed to enter the mosque and deliver a [[Khutbah|sermon]], due to ''[[purdah]]'' restrictions. Other elements supporting this theory include a [[parapet]] around the terrace of the building, which allows its occupants a view of the city without being seen themselves.<ref name=":1" /> However, {{As of|2016|lc=y}}, the mosque has banned the entry of women.<ref name=":2" /> Its ground floor serves as a ''[[madrasa]]'', while the upper floor serves as a prayer-hall for men.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |author=Sharma, Ruchika |date=6 February 2016 |title=What history proves: Indian mosques barring women is only a recent trend |url=https://scroll.in/article/803090/what-history-proves-indian-mosques-barring-women-is-only-a-recent-trend |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722090614/https://scroll.in/article/803090/what-history-proves-indian-mosques-barring-women-is-only-a-recent-trend |archive-date=22 July 2024 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=Scroll.in |language=en }}</ref>

The building has two stories, with the mosque on the first floor and a hall on the ground floor, which might have served as a [[caravanserai]]. It is built out of dressed stone [[masonry]]. The first floor is ornately decorated, while the ground floor is plain.<ref name=":1" />

The mosque is situated on the western side of the first floor, and its [[façade]] has three arched entrances of equal size, opening out into a terrace. Two staircases provide access to the outer corners of the terrace, and a low parapet runs around it. The prayer-hall measures about {{Convert|6|m|ft}} square. Its western wall contains a large ''[[mihrab]]'' (prayer-niche), flanked by two smaller niches. There is no ''[[minbar]]'' (pulpit) within the mosque.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |author=Cousens, Henry |author-link=Henry Cousens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2goAAAAYAAJ&q=andu+masjid&pg=PA24 |title=Bijapur, the Capital of the Adil Shahi Kings: A Guide to Its Ruins |date=1905 |publisher=Scottish Mission Industries Company |language=en }}</ref><ref name=":1" />

A ribbed dome surmounts the roof, resting upon an arcaded [[Tholobate|drum]] with sixteen sides. Four [[minaret]]s rise above a projecting [[buttress]] at the rear of the dome, which aligns with the prayer-niche of the mosque below. Four more minarets are provided, one at each corner of the building. The main dome is melon-shaped, as are small domes crowning each of the minarets.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |author=Desai, Ziyaud-din |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yIPDgAAQBAJ&dq=andu+masjid&pg=PT131 |title=Indo-Islamic architecture |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2406-6 |language=en }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Bijapur district, Karnataka]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:17th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bijapur district]]
[[Category:Indo-Islamic mosques]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1600s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1609]]
[[Category:Architecture of the Deccan sultanates]]

Andu Masjid - Revision history

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