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{{Short description| First emperor of eastern Ganga dynasty}}
{{Infobox royalty
|image = Chodaganga Deva.jpg
|caption = Sculpture of Chodaganga Deva at Chudangasahi, Puri
|image_size = 200px
|name = Anantavarman Chodaganga
|title = Trikalingadhipati, Gangesvara
|reign = 1077–1150 CE
|successor = Kamarnnava Deva
|spouse =
|house = [[Eastern Ganga Dynasty]]
|father = Rajaraja Deva I
|mother = Rajasundari
|religion = Hindu
}}
[[File:A Portrait of A Portrait of Gangesvara Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva executed by Bibhu Patnaik.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A Portrait of Gangesvara Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva]]
'''Gangesvara Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva''' ({{reign|1077|1150}}) was an [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga]] monarch who reigned between 1077 CE to 1150 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tripathy |first=Dr. Kunjabihari |title=A Brief History of Oriya Literature|publisher=Bijoy Book Store |year=1972 |volume=1 -Part I |location=Berhampur-1, Ganjam ,Odisha |pages=e-f |chapter=No 1 - Introduction |author-link=Dr.Kunjabihari Tripathy}}</ref> He was the ruler of the [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] region from river [[Ganga]] to [[Godavari]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haldar |first=Narotam |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.265493 |title=Gangaridi - Alochana O Parjalochana |date=1988}}</ref> and later the early medieval [[Odisha]] region with the incorporation of the constituent regions with the decline of the [[Somavamshi dynasty|Somavamshi]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajaguru|first=Satyanarayan|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924063477313|title=Inscriptions of Orissa, Volume III, Part I|publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi|year=1960|location=Bhubaneswar|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924063477313/page/n189 174], 175}}</ref><ref>* {{cite book |author=Walter Smith |title=The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0MQmNx8g2gC&pg=PA21 |year=1994 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0793-8 |page=26 }}</ref>

==Life and reign==
[[File:Temple-Jagannath.jpg|thumb|Present [[Jagannath temple]] in [[Puri]] built by Anantavarman Chodaganga.]]
He was the son of Kalingadhipati '''Rajaraja Deva I''' alias Devendravarman and Kalinga Mahadevi Rajasundari and Grandson of Trikalingadhipati '''Anantavarman Vajrahasta Deva 5th''' . Anantavarman's mother Rajasundari was the daughter of emperor [[Virarajendra Chola]] and grand daughter of Chola king [[Rajendra Chola I]]. However, historian S.N. Sen states that Anantavarman was the maternal grandson of Kulottunga I. The [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] at [[Puri]] was rebuilt in the 11th century<ref name="sen">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=36–37}}</ref> atop its ruins by Anantavarman Chodaganga. He was known as the first Gajapati/Kunjaradhiparti as per Ronaki Stone inscription.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asianart.com/articles/patachitra/index.html#4 |title=Bernard Cesarone: Pata-chitras of Orissa |first=Bernard |last=Cesarone |work=asianart.com |year=2012 |quote=This temple was built between approximately 1135-1150 by Codaganga |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-date=23 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923063936/http://www.asianart.com/articles/patachitra/index.html#4 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Emperor Chodaganga was originally a [[Shaivite]] from [[Srimukhalingam]]. But he embraced [[Sri Vaishnavism]] under the influence of [[Ramanuja|Sri Ramanuja]] when the latter visited the Sri Jagannath Puri temple.<ref>{{cite book|title=Orissa Review, Volume 44|author=Orissa (India). Public Relations Dept, Orissa (India). Home Dept|publisher=Home Department, Government of Orissa, 1987|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Traditional Paintings of Orissa|author=Dinanath Pathy|publisher=Working Artists Association of Orissa, 1990 - Painting, Indic - 93 pages|page=16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Studies in the cult of Jagannātha|author=Oḍiśa Saṃskr̥ti Parishada|publisher=Institute of Orissan Culture, 1991 - Religion - 256 pages|page=150}}</ref> In his Sindurapura grant(1118 A.D) Anantavarma styles himself ''Paramavaishnava''. He re-established [[Kurmanathaswamy temple, Srikurmam]] after Sri Ramanujacharjya's visit to Kalinga.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kalādarśana: American Studies in the Art of India|author=Joanna Gottfried Williams|publisher=BRILL, 1981 - Art, Indic - 183 pages|page=39}}</ref> Despite being related to Anantavarman, [[Kulothunga Chola I]] did not stop from burning Anantavarman's empire. Tamil historians propose that it was probably because the king failed to pay his rent for two consecutive years. He was ousted by Kulothunga's general Karunakara Thondaiman and this victory is detailed in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] classic ''Kalingattupparani''. However, this could be a far fetch from the actual truth considering that such poems often exaggerate the Kings they are praising and often overlook the defeats the Kings have faced. Monarchs from this region of the subcontinent regularly assumed the title Chodaganga Deva throughout the ancient and medieval periods to allude to their [[Chola]] and Eastern Ganga heritage.
From various inscriptions it is known that King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva established the present temple some time near the end of the eleventh century. A copper plate inscription made by King Rajaraja III found on the [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]] near the north entrance states that Jagannath temple was built by Gangesvara, i.e., Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva.

Later, King Ananga Bhima Deva II (1170–1198) did much to continue the work of Chodaganga Deva, building the walls around the temple and many of the other shrines on the temple grounds. He is thus often considered one of the builders of the temple. He also did much to establish the regulations around the service to the Deity.

A scion of this dynasty made extensive donations to the [[Koneswaram temple]], [[Trincomalee]] on [[Puthandu]], 1223 CE in the name of King Chodaganga Deva. Shortly afterwards, the [[Konark temple]] was constructed in Odisha. A brother of the king titled Ulagaikonda Permadi is known to us from several inscriptions.<ref>{{cite book|title=Epigraphia Indica, Volume 30|author=Archaeological Survey of India, India. Dept. of Archaeology|publisher=Manager of Publications, 1987|page=92}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Royal Elephant Procession Scene of Chodaganga Deva.jpg|Royal Procession of Chodaganga at Garedi Panchana Temple
File:Royal court scene of Chodaganga at Garedi Panchana Temple.jpg|Royal court scene of Chodaganga at Buddhanath Temple, Garedi Panchana
</gallery>

== Sources ==
* {{cite book | first= K. A. Nilakanta| last=Sastri| author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri | orig-year= 1935| year= 2000| title= The Cōlas| publisher= [[University of Madras]] | location= Madras| pages=322–323|ref=Sastri}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chodaganga, Anantavarman}}
[[Category:1150 deaths]]
[[Category:Eastern Ganga dynasty]]
[[Category:11th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]

Anantavarman Chodaganga - Revision history

RodEsters254334: adjusted intro per sources to improve readability

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article