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{{Short description|Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Amri Karbi
| nativename =
| region = [[Assam]] major in the district [[Kamrup Rural district|Kamrup]], [[Meghalaya]] in the district [[Ri-Bhoi]]
| ethnicity = [[Karbi people]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|125,000|3}}
| date = 2003
| ref = e27
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = [[Central Tibeto-Burman languages|Central Tibeto-Burman]]?
| fam3 = [[Kuki-Chin-Naga languages|Kuki-Chin-Naga]]?
| fam4 = [[Karbi language|Karbi]]
| iso3 = ajz
| glotto = amri1238
| glottorefname = Amri Karbi
}}

'''Amri Karbi''', also known as '''Plains Karbi''', '''Dumrali''',<ref name=":0" /> is a [[Sino-Tibetan language]] spoken in parts of the states of [[Assam]] and [[Meghalaya]] in [[Northeast India]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Amri Karbi |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ajz/ |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=Ethnologue |edition=27}}</ref> Amri Karbi variously treated as a variety of the [[Karbi language]] or as its own language. Amri Karbi is divided into two regional varieties: Upper Amri and Lower Amri.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> It is distinct from the speech of a group also called Amri Karbi in the west of the [[Karbi Anglong district]] in Assam, who speak a [[Hills Karbi]] dialect.<ref name=":0" /><ref name =":2">{{cite thesis |last=Konnerth |first=Linda |date=17 June 2014 |title=A Grammar of Karbi |url=https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/items/5d23a8fb-7937-47a7-8765-7354ce7f542b |work= |degree=PhD |location= |publisher=University of Oregon |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129053113/https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/items/5d23a8fb-7937-47a7-8765-7354ce7f542b |archive-date=29 January 2025|access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref>

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
Amri has 23 phonemic consonants. Allophones or alternative pronunciations are included in parentheses in the table below.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Consonants<ref name=":0">{{cite thesis |last=Philippova |first=Nailya |date=2021 |title=A Grammar of Amri Karbi |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/3c8326e5-c3bc-4bfb-9636-284466f4c2cc/content |work= |degree=PhD |location=Helsinki |publisher=University of Helsinki
|access-date=}}</ref>
! colspan="3" |
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! rowspan="4" |Stop
! rowspan="2" |voiceless
!unaspirated
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|{{IPA link|c}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
!aspirated
|{{IPA link|pʰ}}
|{{IPA link|tʰ}}
|
|{{IPA link|kʰ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |voiced
!unaspirated
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|{{IPA link|ɟ}}
|{{IPA link|g}}
|
|-
!aspirated
|{{IPA link|bʰ}}
|{{IPA link|dʰ}}
|{{IPA link|ɟʰ}}
|{{IPA link|gʰ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! colspan="2" |voiceless
|({{IPA link|ɸ}}){{ref|cons_tab_i|i}}
|{{IPA link|s}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
! colspan="2" |voiced
|{{IPA link|β}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="3" |Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! colspan="3" |Lateral
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="3" |Rhotic
|
|{{IPA link|r}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="3" |Approximant
|
|
|({{IPA link|j}}){{ref|cons_tab_ii|ii}}
|
|
|}
{{note|cons_tab_i|i}} Alternative realization of /pʰ/ amongst some members of the younger generation. {{note|cons_tab_ii|ii}} Allophone of /ɟ/.

=== Vowels ===
Amri Karbi has 7 vowels, 2 of which are marginal phonemes (included in parentheses in the table below). In addition, there are the diphthongs /ai/ and /ɔi/.<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Vowels<ref name=":0" />
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!Close
|{{IPA link|i}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
!Close-mid
|({{IPA link|e}})
|
|({{IPA link|o}})
|-
!Open-mid
|{{IPA link|ɛ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
!Open
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}

=== Tone ===
Three phonemic tones exist in Amri Karbi: low, mid, and high.<ref name=":0" />

=== Phonotactics ===
The maximum syllable in Amri Karbi is (C)(C)V(V)(C). A limited number of onset clusters occur, the first element of which is a voiceless stop or the glottal fricative /h/, followed by /l/ or /r/. Depending on the speaker, clusters /hl/ and /hr/ can variably be produced as [h], [l] and [r], or [lh] and [rh]. All consonants but /ŋ/ can appear syllable-initially. The only consonants able to occur syllable-finally are nasals /m n ŋ/, liquids /l r/, and voiceless unaspirated /p t k/. The latter three are realized as unreleased [p̚ t̚ k̚] when syllable-final.<ref name=":0" />

== Orthography ==
[[Latin script]] is used for institutional practice, both Latin and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese script]] are used in various publications.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Locations==
Amri (Karbi) language is spoken in the following locations in India (''Ethnologue'').

*[[Kamrup district]], [[Assam]] (south of the [[Brahmaputra River]]): Chandubi, Loharghat, Rani block, Jalukbari, Pandu, Basbistha, Panikhaith, Jorabat, Sonapur, Khetri, and Kahi Kusi
*[[Ri-Bhoi district]], [[Meghalaya]]: Nongpoh area, Barni Hat, and Umling

==See also==
*[[Karbi language]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kuki-Chin–Naga languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]
[[Category:Languages of Meghalaya]]

{{st-lang-stub}}

Amri Karbi language - Revision history

Acharyak182: created info