All India Forward Bloc - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 09:22, 10 December 2022
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	{{short description\|Political party in India}}		{{short description\|Political party in India}}
	{{other uses\|All India Forward Bloc (disambiguation)}}		{{other uses\|All India Forward Bloc (disambiguation)}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=June ~~2014~~}}		{{EngvarB\|date=June 2022}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June ~~2014~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2022}}
	{{Infobox Indian Political Party		{{Infobox Indian Political Party
	\| party_name = All India Forward Bloc		\| party_name = All India Forward Bloc
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	\| split = [[Indian National Congress]]		\| split = [[Indian National Congress]]
	\| headquarters = Netaji Bhavan, T-2235/2, [[Ashok Nagar (Delhi)\|Ashok Nagar]], Faiz Road, [[Karol Bagh]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]]-110005<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.forwardbloc.org\|title=Forward Bloc\|first=Rajat Kumar Das, Web\|last=Administrator}}</ref>		\| headquarters = Netaji Bhavan, T-2235/2, [[Ashok Nagar (Delhi)\|Ashok Nagar]], Faiz Road, [[Karol Bagh]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]]-110005<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.forwardbloc.org\|title=Forward Bloc\|first=Rajat Kumar Das, Web\|last=Administrator}}</ref>
	\| eci = State Party ([[West Bengal]])<ref>{{cite web\|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013\|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf\|publisher=Election Commission of India\|access-date=9 May 2013\|location=India\|year=~~2013~~}}</ref>		\| eci = State Party ([[West Bengal]])<ref>{{cite web\|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013\|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf\|publisher=Election Commission of India\|access-date=9 May 2013\|location=India\|year=2022}}</ref>
	\| foundation = {{Start date and years ago\|df=yes\|p=y\|1939\|6\|22}}<ref>{{cite book \|title=The Calcutta Historical Journal \|volume=3 \|publisher=University of Calcutta. \|year=1978 \|page=59 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoRDAAAAYAAJ&q=3+May+1939}}</ref>		\| foundation = {{Start date and years ago\|df=yes\|p=y\|1939\|6\|22}}<ref>{{cite book \|title=The Calcutta Historical Journal \|volume=3 \|publisher=University of Calcutta. \|year=1978 \|page=59 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoRDAAAAYAAJ&q=3+May+1939}}</ref>
	\| alliance = [[Left Front (West Bengal)\|Left Front]] <br/> {{small\|([[West Bengal]])}} <br/> [[Left Front (Tripura)\|Left Front]] <br/> {{small\|([[Tripura]])}} <br/>		\| alliance = [[Left Front (West Bengal)\|Left Front]] <br/> {{small\|([[West Bengal]])}} <br/> [[Left Front (Tripura)\|Left Front]] <br/> {{small\|([[Tripura]])}} <br/>
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	\| state_seats_name =		\| state_seats_name =
	\| state_seats =		\| state_seats =
	\| ideology = [[Left-wing nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]<br>[[Marxism]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/\|title=Party constitution\|publisher=All India Forward Bloc\|access-date=22 April 2017\|location=India\|year=~~2017~~}}</ref>		\| ideology = [[Left-wing nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]<br>[[Marxism]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/\|title=Party constitution\|publisher=All India Forward Bloc\|access-date=22 April 2017\|location=India\|year=2022}}</ref>
	\| position = [[Left-wing politics\|Left-wing]]		\| position = [[Left-wing politics\|Left-wing]]
	\| colours = {{color box\|{{party color\|All India Forward Bloc}}}} [[Red]]		\| colours = {{color box\|{{party color\|All India Forward Bloc}}}} [[Red]]
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	\| women = All India Agragami Mahila Samiti		\| women = All India Agragami Mahila Samiti
	\| students = All India Students Bloc		\| students = All India Students Bloc
	\| youth = [[All India Youth League]]		\| youth = All India Youth League
	\| peasants = All India Agragami Kisan Sabha		\| peasants = All India Agragami Kisan Sabha
	\| website = [http://www.forwardbloc.org www.forwardbloc.org]		\| website = [http://www.forwardbloc.org www.forwardbloc.org]
	\|colorcode = {{party color\|All India Forward Bloc}}		\|colorcode = {{party color\|All India Forward Bloc}}
	\| symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.~~png~~\|100px]]		\| symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg\|100px]]
	}}		}}The '''All India Forward Bloc''' ({{small\|abbr.}} '''AIFB''') is a left-wing nationalist [[political party]] in [[India]]. It emerged as a [[Political faction\|faction]] within the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1939, led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India. It has its main stronghold in [[West Bengal]]. The party's current Secretary-General is [[Debabrata Biswas (politician)\|Debabrata Biswas]]. Veteran Indian politicians [[Sarat Chandra Bose]] (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose) and [[Chitta Basu (politician)\|Chitta Basu]] had been the stalwarts of the party in independent India.

	The '''All India Forward Bloc''' ({{small\|abbr.}} '''AIFB''') is a left-wing nationalist political party in [[India]]. It emerged as a faction within the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1939, led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India. It has its main stronghold in [[West Bengal]]. The party's current Secretary-General is [[Debabrata Biswas (politician)\|Debabrata Biswas]]. Veteran Indian politicians [[Sarat Chandra Bose]] (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose) and [[Chitta Basu (politician)\|Chitta Basu]] had been the stalwarts of the party in independent India.

	==History==		==History==
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	===Formation of the Forward Bloc===		===Formation of the Forward Bloc===
	[[File:Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.jpg\|thumb\|Founder, [[Subhas Chandra Bose\|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]]]		[[File:Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.jpg\|thumb\|Founder, [[Subhas Chandra Bose\|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]]]
	The '''Forward Bloc''' of the [[Indian National Congress]] is a Political Party that was formed on May 3, 1939 by Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] in Makur [[Unnao]] , [[Uttar Pradesh]], who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being ~~outmanoeuvered~~ by [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. The formation of the Forward Bloc was announced to the public at a rally in [[Calcutta]]. Bose said that who all were joining, they had to never turn their back to the British and must fill the [[Oath\|pledge]] form by cutting their finger and signing it with their blood. First of all, seventeen young girls came up and signed the pledge form. Initially the aim of the Forward Bloc was to rally all the leftwing sections within the Congress and develop an alternative leadership inside the Congress. Bose became the president of the Forward Bloc and [[S.S. Kavishar]] its vice-president. A Forward Bloc Conference was held in [[Bombay]] in the end of June. At that conference the constitution and programme of the Forward Bloc were approved.<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 29–30</ref> In July 1939 Subhas Chandra Bose announced the Committee of the Forward Bloc. It had Subhas Chandra Bose as president, S.S. Kavishar from [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] as its vice-president, Lal Shankarlal from [[Delhi]], as its general secretary and [[Vishwambhar Dayalu Tripathi]] and [[Khurshed Nariman]] from Bombay as secretaries. Other prominent members were Annapurniah from [[Andhra Pradesh]], Senapati Bapat, Hari Vishnu Kamnath from Bombay, Pasumpon [[U. Muthuramalingam Thevar]] from Tamil Nadu and [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] from [[Bihar]]. Satya Ranjan Bakshi, was appointed as the secretary of the Bengal Provincial Forward Bloc.<ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite book \|last=Misra \|first=Chitta Ranjan \|year=2012 \|chapter=Forward Bloc \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Forward_Bloc \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>		The '''Forward Bloc''' of the [[Indian National Congress]] is a Political Party that was formed on May 3, 1939 by Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] in Makur [[Unnao]] , [[Uttar Pradesh]], who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being outmaneuvered by [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. The formation of the Forward Bloc was announced to the public at a rally in [[Calcutta]]. Bose said that who all were joining, they had to never turn their back to the British and must fill the [[Oath\|pledge]] form by cutting their finger and signing it with their blood. First of all, seventeen young girls came up and signed the pledge form. Initially the aim of the Forward Bloc was to rally all the leftwing sections within the Congress and develop an alternative leadership inside the Congress. Bose became the president of the Forward Bloc and [[S.S. Kavishar]] its vice-president. A Forward Bloc Conference was held in [[Bombay]] in the end of June. At that conference the constitution and programme of the Forward Bloc were approved.<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 29–30</ref> In July 1939 Subhas Chandra Bose announced the Committee of the Forward Bloc. It had Subhas Chandra Bose as president, S.S. Kavishar from [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] as its vice-president, Lal Shankarlal from [[Delhi]], as its general secretary and [[Vishwambhar Dayalu Tripathi]] and [[Khurshed Nariman]] from Bombay as secretaries. Other prominent members were Annapurniah from [[Andhra Pradesh]], Senapati Bapat, Hari Vishnu Kamnath from Bombay, Pasumpon [[U. Muthuramalingam Thevar]] from Tamil Nadu and [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] from [[Bihar]]. Satya Ranjan Bakshi, was appointed as the secretary of the Bengal Provincial Forward Bloc.<ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite book \|last=Misra \|first=Chitta Ranjan \|year=2012 \|chapter=Forward Bloc \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Forward_Bloc \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

	In August, the same year Bose began publishing a newspaper titled ''Forward Bloc''. He travelled around the country, rallying support for his new political project.<ref name = "Banglapedia" />		In August, the same year Bose began publishing a newspaper titled ''Forward Bloc''. He travelled around the country, rallying support for his new political project.<ref name = "Banglapedia" />
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	===2014 election===		===2014 election===
	{{further\|List of All India Forward Bloc candidates in the Indian general election, ~~2014~~}}		{{further\|List of All India Forward Bloc candidates in the Indian general election, 2022}}

	==List of General secretaries and Presidents==		==List of General secretaries and Presidents==
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	===Tripura===		===Tripura===
	The Forward Bloc established its presence in Tripura in 1944, founded by Kamala Ranjan Talapatra. Bengali immigrants like Sailesh Sen, Gopi Ballav Saha, Dwijen Deu, Anil Dasgupta, Hiren Nandi and Sati Bhardwaz are the other active members of the party. They took part in various political campaigns. However, around 1955–1956 most of the founding core of the party in Tripura joined the RSP.<ref>Majumder, Benimadhab; ''The Legislative Opposition in Tripura'', Agartala: Tripura State Tribal Cultural Research Institute & Museum, 1997. p. 19</ref><ref>Mohanta, Bijan. ''Tripura – In the light of socio-political movements since 1945''. [[Kolkata]]: Progressive Publishers, 2004. p. 15</ref> Today, AIFB is a member of opposition Left Front coalition. In the 2003 Tripura legislative election the Tripura State Committee president [[Brajagopal Roy]] contested the Town Borowali constituency on behalf of the Left Front. Roy got 9844 votes (43.57%), but was defeated by a Congress candidate.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/Febse2003/pollupd/ac/states/s23/aconst08.htm\|title=ECI\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930044152/http://archive.eci.gov.in/Febse2003/pollupd/ac/states/S23/Aconst08.htm\|archive-date=30 September 2007\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The secretary of the Tripura State Committee of Shyamal Roy (who replaced the former state committee secretary Nisith Das).<ref name = "Telegraph 2005-07-26">[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050726/asp/northeast/story_5032830.asp The Telegraph 26 July 2005].</ref><ref name="Excelsior">[http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03feb14/national.htm Excelsior 14 February 2003] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201413/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03feb14/national.htm \|date=27 September 2007 }}.</ref> The AIFB state unit publishes [[Tripura Bani]].		The Forward Bloc established its presence in Tripura in 1944, founded by Kamala Ranjan Talapatra. Bengali immigrants like Sailesh Sen, Gopi Ballav Saha, Dwijen Deu, Anil Dasgupta, Hiren Nandi and Sati Bhardwaz are the other active members of the party. They took part in various political campaigns. However, around 1955–1956 most of the founding core of the party in Tripura joined the RSP.<ref>Majumder, Benimadhab; ''The Legislative Opposition in Tripura'', Agartala: Tripura State Tribal Cultural Research Institute & Museum, 1997. p. 19</ref><ref>Mohanta, Bijan. ''Tripura – In the light of socio-political movements since 1945''. [[Kolkata]]: Progressive Publishers, 2004. p. 15</ref> Today, AIFB is a member of opposition Left Front coalition. In the 2003 Tripura legislative election the Tripura State Committee president [[Brajagopal Roy]] contested the Town Borowali constituency on behalf of the Left Front. Roy got 9844 votes (43.57%), but was defeated by a Congress candidate.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/Febse2003/pollupd/ac/states/s23/aconst08.htm\|title=ECI\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930044152/http://archive.eci.gov.in/Febse2003/pollupd/ac/states/S23/Aconst08.htm\|archive-date=30 September 2007\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The AIFB state unit publishes [[Tripura Bani]].

	==Northern India==		==Northern India==
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	==Mass organisations==		==Mass organisations==
	* [[All India Youth League]] (youths organisation)		* All India Youth League (youths organisation)
	* All India Students Bloc (student's organisation)		* All India Students Bloc (student's organisation)
	* [[Trade Union Coordination Committee]] (trade union organisation)		* [[Trade Union Coordination Committee]] (trade union organisation)
	* All India Agragami Kisan Sabha (peasants' organisation)		* All India Agragami Kisan Sabha (peasants' organisation)
	* All India Agragami Mahila Samiti (women's organisation)		* All India Agragami Mahila Samiti (women's organisation)
	* Indian National Cyber Army (social media organisation)<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://forwardbloc.org/central-technical-team/ \|title=~~Archived copy~~ \|access-date=17 February 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218063141/http://forwardbloc.org/central-technical-team/ \|archive-date=18 February 2017 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		* Indian National Cyber Army (social media organisation)<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://forwardbloc.org/central-technical-team/ \|title=Central Social Media Team – AIFB \|access-date=17 February 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218063141/http://forwardbloc.org/central-technical-team/ \|archive-date=18 February 2017 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
	* [[Agragami Adivasi Samiti]] (tribal's organisation)		* [[Agragami Adivasi Samiti]] (tribal's organisation)

UpdateBot: robot: Update article

2022-05-04T05:23:29Z

robot: Update article

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:53, 4 May 2022
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	===Formation of the Forward Bloc===		===Formation of the Forward Bloc===
	The '''Forward Bloc''' of the [[Indian National Congress]] was formed on May 3, 1939 by Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] in Makur [[Unnao]] , [[Uttar Pradesh]], who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being outmanoeuvered by [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. The formation of the Forward Bloc was announced to the public at a rally in [[Calcutta]]. Bose said that who all were joining, they had to never turn their back to the British and must fill the [[Oath\|pledge]] form by cutting their finger and signing it with their blood. First of all, seventeen young girls came up and signed the pledge form. Initially the aim of the Forward Bloc was to rally all the leftwing sections within the Congress and develop an alternative leadership inside the Congress. Bose became the president of the Forward Bloc and [[S.S. Kavishar]] its vice-president. A Forward Bloc Conference was held in [[Bombay]] in the end of June. At that conference the constitution and programme of the Forward Bloc were approved.<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 29–30</ref> In July 1939 Subhas Chandra Bose announced the Committee of the Forward Bloc. It had Subhas Chandra Bose as president, S.S. Kavishar from [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] as its vice-president, Lal Shankarlal from [[Delhi]], as its general secretary and [[Vishwambhar Dayalu Tripathi]] and [[Khurshed Nariman]] from Bombay as secretaries. Other prominent members were Annapurniah from [[Andhra Pradesh]], Senapati Bapat, Hari Vishnu Kamnath from Bombay, Pasumpon [[U. Muthuramalingam Thevar]] from Tamil Nadu and [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] from [[Bihar]]. Satya Ranjan Bakshi, was appointed as the secretary of the Bengal Provincial Forward Bloc.<ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite book \|last=Misra \|first=Chitta Ranjan \|year=2012 \|chapter=Forward Bloc \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Forward_Bloc \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>		[[File:Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.jpg\|thumb\|Founder, [[Subhas Chandra Bose\|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]]]
			The '''Forward Bloc''' of the [[Indian National Congress]] is a Political Party that was formed on May 3, 1939 by Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] in Makur [[Unnao]] , [[Uttar Pradesh]], who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being outmanoeuvered by [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. The formation of the Forward Bloc was announced to the public at a rally in [[Calcutta]]. Bose said that who all were joining, they had to never turn their back to the British and must fill the [[Oath\|pledge]] form by cutting their finger and signing it with their blood. First of all, seventeen young girls came up and signed the pledge form. Initially the aim of the Forward Bloc was to rally all the leftwing sections within the Congress and develop an alternative leadership inside the Congress. Bose became the president of the Forward Bloc and [[S.S. Kavishar]] its vice-president. A Forward Bloc Conference was held in [[Bombay]] in the end of June. At that conference the constitution and programme of the Forward Bloc were approved.<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 29–30</ref> In July 1939 Subhas Chandra Bose announced the Committee of the Forward Bloc. It had Subhas Chandra Bose as president, S.S. Kavishar from [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] as its vice-president, Lal Shankarlal from [[Delhi]], as its general secretary and [[Vishwambhar Dayalu Tripathi]] and [[Khurshed Nariman]] from Bombay as secretaries. Other prominent members were Annapurniah from [[Andhra Pradesh]], Senapati Bapat, Hari Vishnu Kamnath from Bombay, Pasumpon [[U. Muthuramalingam Thevar]] from Tamil Nadu and [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] from [[Bihar]]. Satya Ranjan Bakshi, was appointed as the secretary of the Bengal Provincial Forward Bloc.<ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite book \|last=Misra \|first=Chitta Ranjan \|year=2012 \|chapter=Forward Bloc \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Forward_Bloc \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

	In August, the same year Bose began publishing a newspaper titled ''Forward Bloc''. He travelled around the country, rallying support for his new political project.<ref name = "Banglapedia" />		In August, the same year Bose began publishing a newspaper titled ''Forward Bloc''. He travelled around the country, rallying support for his new political project.<ref name = "Banglapedia" />
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	Soon thereafter, on 2 July, Bose was arrested and detained in Presidency Jail, Calcutta. In January 1941 he escaped from house arrest, and clandestinely went into exile. He travelled to the [[Soviet Union]] via [[Afghanistan]], seeking Soviet support for the Indian independence struggle. Stalin declined Bose's request, and he then travelled to Germany. In Berlin he set up the Free India Centre, and rallied the [[Indian Legion]].<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 36, 39</ref>		Soon thereafter, on 2 July, Bose was arrested and detained in Presidency Jail, Calcutta. In January 1941 he escaped from house arrest, and clandestinely went into exile. He travelled to the [[Soviet Union]] via [[Afghanistan]], seeking Soviet support for the Indian independence struggle. Stalin declined Bose's request, and he then travelled to Germany. In Berlin he set up the Free India Centre, and rallied the [[Indian Legion]].<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 36, 39</ref>

	Inside India, local activists of the Forward Bloc continued the anti-British activities without central co-ordination. For example, in Bihar members were involved in the [[Azad Dasta]] resistance groups, and distributed propaganda in support of Bose and [[Indian National Army]]. They did not have, however, any organic link either with Bose nor the INA.<ref>{{cite journal\|jstor=312891\|title=Land and Power: The Marxist Conquest of Rural Bengal\|first=Arild Engelsen\|last=Ruud\|date=1 January 1994\|doi=10.1017/s0026749x00012440\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=28\|issue=2\|pages=357–380}}</ref>		Inside India, local activists of the Forward Bloc continued the anti-British activities without central co-ordination. For example, in Bihar members were involved in the [[Azad Dasta]] resistance groups, and distributed propaganda in support of Bose and [[Indian National Army]]. They did not have, however, any organic link either with Bose nor the INA.<ref>{{cite journal\|jstor=312891\|title=Land and Power: The Marxist Conquest of Rural Bengal\|first=Arild Engelsen\|last=Ruud\|date=1 January 1994\|doi=10.1017/s0026749x00012440\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=28\|issue=2\|pages=357–380\|s2cid=146540200}}</ref>

	===Post-war reorganisation===		===Post-war reorganisation===
	At the end of the war, the Forward Bloc was reorganised. In February 1946 [[R.S. Ruiker]] organised an All India Active Workers Conference at [[Jabalpur]], Madhya Pradesh. The conference declared the formation of the 'FB Workers Assembly', in practice the legal cover of the still illegal Forward Bloc. Notably some leading [[Communist Party of India\|communists]] from [[Bombay]], like [[K.N. Joglekar]] and Soli Batliwalli, joined the 'FB Workers Assembly'. The Workers Assembly conference declared that the "Forward Bloc is a Socialist Party, accepting the theory of class struggle in its fullest implications and a programme of revolutionary mass action for the attainment of Socialism leading to a Classless Society."<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 42–3</ref>		At the end of the war, the Forward Bloc was reorganised. In February 1946 [[R.S. Ruiker]] organised an All India Active Workers Conference at [[Jabalpur]], Madhya Pradesh. The conference declared the formation of the 'FB Workers Assembly', in practice the legal cover of the still illegal Forward Bloc. Notably some leading [[Communist Party of India\|communists]] from [[Bombay]], like [[K.N. Joglekar]] and Soli Batliwalli, joined the 'FB Workers Assembly'. The Workers Assembly conference declared that the "Forward Bloc is a Socialist Party, accepting the theory of class struggle in its fullest implications and a programme of revolutionary mass action for the attainment of Socialism leading to a Classless Society."<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 42–3</ref>

	~~The~~ Ahead of the 1946 assembly elections the ban on the Bloc was lifted in June that year. The Working Committee of the Forward Bloc met on 10 June.<ref>The members of the Working Committee at the time were Subhas Chandra Bose (Sr. Founder President), S.S. Cavesheer (President), [[R.S. Ruikar]] (Vice-President), [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] (Vice-President), [[Hari Vishnu Kamath]] (general secretary), Mukundalal Sarkar (Secretary), Vishwanbhar Dayal Tripathi (Secretary), Prof. Bidesh Kulkarni (Secretary), Rajmannar Chity (Secretary), Satyanarayan Bajaj (Treasurer), Mian Akber Shah, Alim T. Gidwani, Lala Shankarlal, Ramgati Ganguly, Mathura Prasad Misra, Lila Roy, Harendra Nath Ghosh, [[Ashrafuddin Ahmad Chowdhury]], A.M.A. Zaman, Satyanarayan Bakshim, Kusum Ranjan Chowdhury, Senapati M.P. Bapat, H.J. Khandekar, V.V. Subedar, Dr. S.G. Patwardhan, B.P. Bappaya, U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, R.A. Mandgi, Giridhar Thakkar, K.N. Joglekar, Ram Bhaw Nishel and Sardar Niranjan Singh Talib. Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 43–5.</ref>		Ahead of the 1946 assembly elections the ban on the Bloc was lifted in June that year. The Working Committee of the Forward Bloc met on 10 June.<ref>The members of the Working Committee at the time were Subhas Chandra Bose (Sr. Founder President), S.S. Cavesheer (President), [[R.S. Ruikar]] (Vice-President), [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] (Vice-President), [[Hari Vishnu Kamath]] (general secretary), Mukundalal Sarkar (Secretary), Vishwanbhar Dayal Tripathi (Secretary), Prof. Bidesh Kulkarni (Secretary), Rajmannar Chity (Secretary), Satyanarayan Bajaj (Treasurer), Mian Akber Shah, Alim T. Gidwani, Lala Shankarlal, Ramgati Ganguly, Mathura Prasad Misra, Lila Roy, Harendra Nath Ghosh, [[Ashrafuddin Ahmad Chowdhury]], A.M.A. Zaman, Satyanarayan Bakshim, Kusum Ranjan Chowdhury, Senapati M.P. Bapat, H.J. Khandekar, V.V. Subedar, Dr. S.G. Patwardhan, B.P. Bappaya, U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, R.A. Mandgi, Giridhar Thakkar, K.N. Joglekar, Ram Bhaw Nishel and Sardar Niranjan Singh Talib. Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 43–5.</ref>

	Elections to the [[Constituent Assembly of India\|Constituent Assembly]] and to provincial legislatures were held in December 1946. The Forward Bloc contested the elections. H.V. Kamath won a seat in the Constituent Assembly and Jyotish Chandra Ghosh, Hemantha Kumar Basu and Lila Roy were elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly.<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 45</ref>		Elections to the [[Constituent Assembly of India\|Constituent Assembly]] and to provincial legislatures were held in December 1946. The Forward Bloc contested the elections. H.V. Kamath won a seat in the Constituent Assembly and Jyotish Chandra Ghosh, Hemantha Kumar Basu and Lila Roy were elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly.<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 45</ref>
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	===West Dinajpur clashes===		===West Dinajpur clashes===
	In July 1969, violent clashes erupted in [[West Dinajpur district]], West Bengal, between peasants aligned with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and [[East Pakistan]]i refugee cultivators, who supported the Forward Bloc. CPI(M) leader [[Hare Krishna Konar]] characterised the events as a degeneration of the agrarian struggles in rural West Bengal.<ref>{{cite journal\|jstor=312548\|title=Azad Dastas and Dacoit Gangs: The Congress and Underground Activity in Bihar, 1942–44\|first=Vinita\|last=Damodaran\|date=1 January 1992\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=26\|issue=3\|pages=417–450\|doi=10.1017/s0026749x00009859}}</ref>		In July 1969, violent clashes erupted in [[West Dinajpur district]], West Bengal, between peasants aligned with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and [[East Pakistan]]i refugee cultivators, who supported the Forward Bloc. CPI(M) leader [[Hare Krishna Konar]] characterised the events as a degeneration of the agrarian struggles in rural West Bengal.<ref>{{cite journal\|jstor=312548\|title=Azad Dastas and Dacoit Gangs: The Congress and Underground Activity in Bihar, 1942–44\|first=Vinita\|last=Damodaran\|date=1 January 1992\|journal=Modern Asian Studies\|volume=26\|issue=3\|pages=417–450\|doi=10.1017/s0026749x00009859\|s2cid=143939024}}</ref>

	===Split in the Indian National Congress===		===Split in the Indian National Congress===
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	===Realignment in Tripura===		===Realignment in Tripura===
	After having contested the 1972 elections on its own, the Forward Bloc decided to join a 'United Front' led by the communist parties in Tripura.<ref>The front had been formed by CPI(M) and CPI on 2 November 1973. AIFB and the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)\|RSP]] joined the front on 14 November.</ref> The front demanded clear-cut policies for procurement and distribution of food grains, stop to ~~sprilalling~~ prices of essential commodities, a land reform legislation for [[delimitation]] of Tribal reserve areas and creation of employments opportunities for the unemployed. A 24-hour Tripura [[Bandh]] was organised by the front on 16 December. On 3 May 1974 the four parties organised a 12-hour Tripura Bandh.<ref>Basu, Pradip Kumar; ''The Communist Movement in Tripura'', Calcutta: Progressive Publishers, 1996. pp. 146, 149.</ref>		After having contested the 1972 elections on its own, the Forward Bloc decided to join a 'United Front' led by the communist parties in Tripura.<ref>The front had been formed by CPI(M) and CPI on 2 November 1973. AIFB and the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)\|RSP]] joined the front on 14 November.</ref> The front demanded clear-cut policies for procurement and distribution of food grains, stop to spiraling prices of essential commodities, a land reform legislation for [[delimitation]] of Tribal reserve areas and creation of employments opportunities for the unemployed. A 24-hour Tripura [[Bandh]] was organised by the front on 16 December. On 3 May 1974 the four parties organised a 12-hour Tripura Bandh.<ref>Basu, Pradip Kumar; ''The Communist Movement in Tripura'', Calcutta: Progressive Publishers, 1996. pp. 146, 149.</ref>

	===1977 elections===		===1977 elections===
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	===President===		===President===
	#[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] (1940)		#[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] (1940)
	#Sardul Singh ~~Kaveesher~~ (1947)		#[[Sardul Singh Kavishar]] (1947)
	#[[Mohan Singh (general)\|Mohan Singh]] (1952)		#[[Mohan Singh (general)\|Mohan Singh]] (1952)
	#Hemanta Kr. Basu (1958)		#Hemanta Kr. Basu (1958)
	#[[P.K. Mookiah Thevar]] (1979)		#[[P. K. Mookiah Thevar]] (1979)
	#P. D. Paliwal (1984)		#P. D. Paliwal (1984)
	#A. R.Perumal (1991)		#A. R.Perumal (1991)
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	#[[Sheel Bhadra Yajee]] (1947)		#[[Sheel Bhadra Yajee]] (1947)
	#[[Ramchandra Sakharam Ruikar]] (1948)		#[[Ramchandra Sakharam Ruikar]] (1948)
	#[[K.N. Joglekar]] (1948)		#[[K.N. Joglekar\|K. N. Joglekar]] (1948)
	#Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon (1952)		#Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon (1952)
	#R. K. Haldulkar (1958)		#R. K. Haldulkar (1958)
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	<ref name="AIFB"/>		<ref name="AIFB"/>

	===Vice ~~President~~===		===Vice president===
	*[[U. Muthuramalingam Thevar]] (1955)		*[[U. Muthuramalingam Thevar]] (1955)
	<ref name="AIFB"/>		<ref name="AIFB"/>

->Dhruv edits at 17:54, 14 January 2022

2022-01-14T17:54:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:24, 14 January 2022
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	\| ideology = [[Left-wing nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]<br>[[Marxism]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/\|title=Party constitution\|publisher=All India Forward Bloc\|access-date=22 April 2017\|location=India\|year=2017}}</ref>		\| ideology = [[Left-wing nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]<br>[[Marxism]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/\|title=Party constitution\|publisher=All India Forward Bloc\|access-date=22 April 2017\|location=India\|year=2017}}</ref>
	\| position = [[Left-wing politics\|Left-wing]]		\| position = [[Left-wing politics\|Left-wing]]
	\| colours = ~~Red~~ {{~~Colorsample~~\|{{party color\|All India Forward Bloc}}}}		\| colours = {{color box\|{{party color\|All India Forward Bloc}}}} [[Red]]
	\| publication = ''Towards Socialism''<br>''Jangarjan''<br>''Lokmat''		\| publication = ''Towards Socialism''<br>''Jangarjan''<br>''Lokmat''
	\| labour = [[Trade Union Coordination Centre]]		\| labour = [[Trade Union Coordination Centre]]

->Vif12vf: Restored revision 1062129694 by Vif12vf (talk): Third position is not actually a position. Furthermore, historical tendencies don't belong in the infobox to begin with.

2021-12-27T13:36:50Z

Restored revision 1062129694 by Vif12vf (talk): Third position is not actually a position. Furthermore, historical tendencies don't belong in the infobox to begin with.

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CleanupBot: /* Formation of the Forward Bloc */clean up

2021-04-23T17:37:28Z

Formation of the Forward Bloc: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:07, 23 April 2021
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	===Formation of the Forward Bloc===		===Formation of the Forward Bloc===
	The '''Forward Bloc''' of the [[Indian National Congress]] was formed on May 3, 1939 by Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] in Makur [[Unnao]] , [[ Uttar Pradesh]], who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being outmanoeuvered by [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. The formation of the Forward Bloc was announced to the public at a rally in [[Calcutta]]. Bose said that who all were joining, they had to never turn their back to the British and must fill the [[Oath\|pledge]] form by cutting their finger and signing it with their blood. First of all, seventeen young girls came up and signed the pledge form. Initially the aim of the Forward Bloc was to rally all the leftwing sections within the Congress and develop an alternative leadership inside the Congress. Bose became the president of the Forward Bloc and [[S.S. Cavesheer]] its vice-president. A Forward Bloc Conference was held in [[Bombay]] in the end of June. At that conference the constitution and programme of the Forward Bloc were approved.<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 29–30</ref> In July 1939 Subhas Chandra Bose announced the Committee of the Forward Bloc. It had Subhas Chandra Bose as president, S.S. Kavishar from [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] as its vice-president, Lal Shankarlal from [[Delhi]], as its general secretary and [[ Vishwambhar Dayalu Tripathi ]] and [[Khurshed Nariman]] from Bombay as secretaries. Other prominent members were Annapurniah from [[Andhra Pradesh]], Senapati Bapat, Hari Vishnu Kamnath from Bombay, Pasumpon [[U. Muthuramalingam Thevar]] from Tamil Nadu and [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] from [[Bihar]]. Satya Ranjan Bakshi, was appointed as the secretary of the Bengal Provincial Forward Bloc.<ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite book \|last=Misra \|first=Chitta Ranjan \|year=2012 \|chapter=Forward Bloc \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Forward_Bloc \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>		The '''Forward Bloc''' of the [[Indian National Congress]] was formed on May 3, 1939 by Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] in Makur [[Unnao]] , [[Uttar Pradesh]], who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being outmanoeuvered by [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. The formation of the Forward Bloc was announced to the public at a rally in [[Calcutta]]. Bose said that who all were joining, they had to never turn their back to the British and must fill the [[Oath\|pledge]] form by cutting their finger and signing it with their blood. First of all, seventeen young girls came up and signed the pledge form. Initially the aim of the Forward Bloc was to rally all the leftwing sections within the Congress and develop an alternative leadership inside the Congress. Bose became the president of the Forward Bloc and [[S.S. Cavesheer]] its vice-president. A Forward Bloc Conference was held in [[Bombay]] in the end of June. At that conference the constitution and programme of the Forward Bloc were approved.<ref>Ghosh, Asok (ed.), ''A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc''. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. pp. 29–30</ref> In July 1939 Subhas Chandra Bose announced the Committee of the Forward Bloc. It had Subhas Chandra Bose as president, S.S. Kavishar from [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] as its vice-president, Lal Shankarlal from [[Delhi]], as its general secretary and [[Vishwambhar Dayalu Tripathi]] and [[Khurshed Nariman]] from Bombay as secretaries. Other prominent members were Annapurniah from [[Andhra Pradesh]], Senapati Bapat, Hari Vishnu Kamnath from Bombay, Pasumpon [[U. Muthuramalingam Thevar]] from Tamil Nadu and [[Sheel Bhadra Yagee]] from [[Bihar]]. Satya Ranjan Bakshi, was appointed as the secretary of the Bengal Provincial Forward Bloc.<ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite book \|last=Misra \|first=Chitta Ranjan \|year=2012 \|chapter=Forward Bloc \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Forward_Bloc \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

	In August, the same year Bose began publishing a newspaper titled ''Forward Bloc''. He travelled around the country, rallying support for his new political project.<ref name = "Banglapedia" />		In August, the same year Bose began publishing a newspaper titled ''Forward Bloc''. He travelled around the country, rallying support for his new political project.<ref name = "Banglapedia" />

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported

2021-03-01T14:25:39Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 19:55, 1 March 2021
(No difference)

>Shaheed Hemukalani: /* Split between Yagee and Ruikar */

2021-02-19T13:12:14Z

Split between Yagee and Ruikar

Show changes