Zoyeford: adjust formatting for consistency and improved wording

2026-03-04T20:04:53Z

adjust formatting for consistency and improved wording

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-13T17:49:06Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:19, 13 August 2023
Line 158:		Line 158:

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Law}}~~

	* [[Filial responsibility laws]], similar to alimony but the money is paid by children to impoverished parents		* [[Filial responsibility laws]], similar to alimony but the money is paid by children to impoverished parents

Bot: robot, dating maintenance tag modified: {{Dead link}}, {{More citations needed}} and more

2023-06-30T11:20:50Z

robot, dating maintenance tag modified: {{Dead link}}, {{More citations needed}} and more

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:50, 30 June 2023
Line 67:		Line 67:

	=== Czech Republic ===		=== Czech Republic ===
	{{More citations needed section }}		{{More citations needed\|date= June 2023 section }}
	Laws of the Czech Republic provide for spousal maintenance both during marriage and after divorce. As main principle, both spouses have the right for generally equal standard of living during the marriage.<ref name="CZ">{{cite web\|url=https://gawron.cz/attorneys-introduction-into-spousal-alimony-payments-after-divorce-in-the-czech-republic/\|title=Attorney's introduction into spousal alimony payments after divorce in the Czech Republic\|access-date=11 January 2020\|website=gawron.cz\|last=Gawron\|first=Tomáš}}</ref>		Laws of the Czech Republic provide for spousal maintenance both during marriage and after divorce. As main principle, both spouses have the right for generally equal standard of living during the marriage.<ref name="CZ">{{cite web\|url=https://gawron.cz/attorneys-introduction-into-spousal-alimony-payments-after-divorce-in-the-czech-republic/\|title=Attorney's introduction into spousal alimony payments after divorce in the Czech Republic\|access-date=11 January 2020\|website=gawron.cz\|last=Gawron\|first=Tomáš}}</ref>

Line 82:		Line 82:
	The duty of mutual assistance of the spouses turns into an obligation of maintenance following the personal separation. The spouse who is not responsible for the separation has, in fact, the right to receive from the other "what is necessary for its maintenance" (Article 156 of the Italian Civil Code).		The duty of mutual assistance of the spouses turns into an obligation of maintenance following the personal separation. The spouse who is not responsible for the separation has, in fact, the right to receive from the other "what is necessary for its maintenance" (Article 156 of the Italian Civil Code).

	In case of dissolution of the marriage, art. 5, paragraph 6, of Law 898/1970 provides for the obligation for a spouse to periodically provide the other with a check "when the latter does not have adequate means or in any case cannot obtain them for objective reasons", the determination of which it is entrusted to certain specific parameters (conditions of the spouses, reasons for the decision, personal and economic contribution given by each to the family management and to the formation of the patrimony of each or the common one, income of both, duration of marriage).<ref>F. Salerno, ''[https://www.academia.edu/52461613/Il_diritto_giurisprudenziale_in_materia_di_assegno_di_mantenimento_nello_scioglimento_del_matrimonio_e_dellunione_civile Il diritto giurisprudenziale in materia di assegno di mantenimento nello scioglimento del matrimonio e dell’unione civile],'' in ''Rivista di Diritto Civile,'' 2021, pp. 187-203 </ref>		In case of dissolution of the marriage, art. 5, paragraph 6, of Law 898/1970 provides for the obligation for a spouse to periodically provide the other with a check "when the latter does not have adequate means or in any case cannot obtain them for objective reasons", the determination of which it is entrusted to certain specific parameters (conditions of the spouses, reasons for the decision, personal and economic contribution given by each to the family management and to the formation of the patrimony of each or the common one, income of both, duration of marriage).<ref>F. Salerno, ''[https://www.academia.edu/52461613/Il_diritto_giurisprudenziale_in_materia_di_assegno_di_mantenimento_nello_scioglimento_del_matrimonio_e_dellunione_civile Il diritto giurisprudenziale in materia di assegno di mantenimento nello scioglimento del matrimonio e dell’unione civile],'' in ''Rivista di Diritto Civile,'' 2021, pp. 187-203</ref>

	=== Japan ===		=== Japan ===
Line 137:		Line 137:

	==== Reform ====		==== Reform ====
	In the United States, family laws and precedents as they relate to divorce, community property and alimony vary based on state law. Also, with new family models, "working couples", "working wives", "[[stay-at-home dad]]s", etc., there are situations where some parties to a divorce question whether traditional economic allocations made in a divorce are fair and equitable to the facts of their individual case. Some groups have proposed various forms of legislation to reform alimony parameters (i.e. amounts and term).<ref name="McCoy" /><ref name="Alimony Agony" /><ref name="ABC News" /><ref name="The Huffington Post">{{cite news\|last=Matlack\|first=Tom\|title=Divorce Reform in Massachusetts: David vs. Goliath\|work=[[Huffington Post]]\|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-matlack/divorce-reform-in-massach_b_357874.html}}</ref~~><ref name="New Art of Alimony" /~~><ref>{{cite news\|last=Goodnough\|first=Abby\|title=Retirees Still Liable for Alimony, Massachusetts Court Rules\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/us/10alimony.html?_r=1\|access-date=April 23, 2010}}</ref><ref name="On Point">{{cite news\|last=Ashbrook\|first=Tom\|title=Til death do they pay?\|work=On Point, [[NPR]]\|url=http://www.onpointradio.org/2009/11/til-death-does-he-pay#comments}}</ref> Alimony terms are among the most frequent issues causing litigation in [[family law]] cases.<ref name="McCoy" /><ref name="The Honorable Robert E. Gaston" /> Eighty percent of divorce cases involve a request for modification of alimony.<ref name="Barbara von Hauzen, Esp" /><ref>{{cite web\|author=Christopher R. Musulin, Esquire\|title=Should New Jersey Adopt a Formula Approach for Spousal Support?: Article on Alimony for New Jersey State Bar Association Annual Meeting, May 2009\|url=http://www.burlingtoncountydivorce.com/CM/Custom/Article%20on%20Alimony%20for%20NJ.pdf\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708104525/http://www.burlingtoncountydivorce.com/CM/Custom/Article%20on%20Alimony%20for%20NJ.pdf\|archive-date=2011-07-08\|publisher=The New Jersey Bar Association}}</ref>		In the United States, family laws and precedents as they relate to divorce, community property and alimony vary based on state law. Also, with new family models, "working couples", "working wives", "[[stay-at-home dad]]s", etc., there are situations where some parties to a divorce question whether traditional economic allocations made in a divorce are fair and equitable to the facts of their individual case. Some groups have proposed various forms of legislation to reform alimony parameters (i.e. amounts and term).<ref name="McCoy" /><ref name="Alimony Agony" /><ref name="ABC News" /><ref name="New Art of Alimony" /><ref name="The Huffington Post">{{cite news\|last=Matlack\|first=Tom\|title=Divorce Reform in Massachusetts: David vs. Goliath\|work=[[Huffington Post]]\|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-matlack/divorce-reform-in-massach_b_357874.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Goodnough\|first=Abby\|title=Retirees Still Liable for Alimony, Massachusetts Court Rules\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/us/10alimony.html?_r=1\|access-date=April 23, 2010}}</ref><ref name="On Point">{{cite news\|last=Ashbrook\|first=Tom\|title=Til death do they pay?\|work=On Point, [[NPR]]\|url=http://www.onpointradio.org/2009/11/til-death-does-he-pay#comments}}</ref> Alimony terms are among the most frequent issues causing litigation in [[family law]] cases.<ref name="McCoy" /><ref name="The Honorable Robert E. Gaston" /> Eighty percent of divorce cases involve a request for modification of alimony.<ref name="Barbara von Hauzen, Esp" /><ref>{{cite web\|author=Christopher R. Musulin, Esquire\|title=Should New Jersey Adopt a Formula Approach for Spousal Support?: Article on Alimony for New Jersey State Bar Association Annual Meeting, May 2009\|url=http://www.burlingtoncountydivorce.com/CM/Custom/Article%20on%20Alimony%20for%20NJ.pdf\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708104525/http://www.burlingtoncountydivorce.com/CM/Custom/Article%20on%20Alimony%20for%20NJ.pdf\|archive-date=2011-07-08\|publisher=The New Jersey Bar Association}}</ref>

	Some states (e.g. Florida, Texas, Maine) are moving away from permanent alimony awards that are intended to maintain a spouse's standard of living enjoyed during the marriage and are moving towards durational or rehabilitative alimony.<ref name="theory">{{cite journal\|last=Kornhauser\|first=Marjorie E.\|year=1996\|title=Theory Versus Reality: The Partnership Model of Marriage in Family and Income Tax Law\|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/temple69&div=50\|journal=[[Temple Law Review]]\|publisher=[[Temple University Beasley School of Law]]\|volume=69\|pages=1413\|ssrn=1441473}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=von Hauzen, Esp.\|first=Barbara\|title=Should Permanent Alimony Be Eliminated?\|url=http://www.massalimonyreform.org/PDFs/Should_Permanent_Alimony_Be_Eliminated.pdf\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727070621/http://www.massalimonyreform.org/PDFs/Should_Permanent_Alimony_Be_Eliminated.pdf\|archive-date=2011-07-27\|work=The Reformer\|publisher=Massachusetts School of Law}}</ref> In other states, like Mississippi and Tennessee, alimony is usually awarded for life.<ref name="Alimony Agony" /><ref>{{cite journal\|last=Martin\|first=Frank\|title=From Prohibition to Approval: The Limitations of the 'No Clean Break' Divorce Regime in the Republic of Ireland\|journal=International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press\|Oxford Journals]]\|volume=16\|issue=2\|pages=223–259\|doi=10.1093/lawfam/16.2.223}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Grossman\|first=Joanna\|title=Can an adulterer receive alimony?\|publisher=[[CNN]]\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/LAW/05/05/grossman.adultery.alimony/index.html\|access-date=April 23, 2010}}</ref>		Some states (e.g. Florida, Texas, Maine) are moving away from permanent alimony awards that are intended to maintain a spouse's standard of living enjoyed during the marriage and are moving towards durational or rehabilitative alimony.<ref name="theory">{{cite journal\|last=Kornhauser\|first=Marjorie E.\|year=1996\|title=Theory Versus Reality: The Partnership Model of Marriage in Family and Income Tax Law\|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/temple69&div=50\|journal=[[Temple Law Review]]\|publisher=[[Temple University Beasley School of Law]]\|volume=69\|pages=1413\|ssrn=1441473}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=von Hauzen, Esp.\|first=Barbara\|title=Should Permanent Alimony Be Eliminated?\|url=http://www.massalimonyreform.org/PDFs/Should_Permanent_Alimony_Be_Eliminated.pdf\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727070621/http://www.massalimonyreform.org/PDFs/Should_Permanent_Alimony_Be_Eliminated.pdf\|archive-date=2011-07-27\|work=The Reformer\|publisher=Massachusetts School of Law}}</ref> In other states, like Mississippi and Tennessee, alimony is usually awarded for life.<ref name="Alimony Agony" /><ref>{{cite journal\|last=Martin\|first=Frank\|title=From Prohibition to Approval: The Limitations of the 'No Clean Break' Divorce Regime in the Republic of Ireland\|journal=International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family\|publisher=[[Oxford University Press\|Oxford Journals]]\|volume=16\|issue=2\|pages=223–259\|doi=10.1093/lawfam/16.2.223}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Grossman\|first=Joanna\|title=Can an adulterer receive alimony?\|publisher=[[CNN]]\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/LAW/05/05/grossman.adultery.alimony/index.html\|access-date=April 23, 2010}}</ref>
Line 146:		Line 146:
	* Does the lesser earning spouse deserve alimony to meet his or her basic needs ([[sustenance]]) or enough to sustain "the lifestyle accustomed to during the civil union or marriage"?<ref name="New Art of Alimony" />		* Does the lesser earning spouse deserve alimony to meet his or her basic needs ([[sustenance]]) or enough to sustain "the lifestyle accustomed to during the civil union or marriage"?<ref name="New Art of Alimony" />
	* Should the income and assets of a new spouse be used in determining how much alimony gets paid?<ref name="Alimony Agony" />		* Should the income and assets of a new spouse be used in determining how much alimony gets paid?<ref name="Alimony Agony" />
	* How clear and prescriptive should state statutes be versus allowing a larger degree of Judicial Discretion?<ref name="Alimony Agony" /><ref>[https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/crt/legacy/2010/12/28/thunderhorsebr_sct.pdf]{{cite web \|title=Pierce v. Pierce Brief for the Amicus Curiae \|url=http://www.womensbar.org/images/amicus_piercevpierce.pdf \|publisher=The Women's Bar Association of Massachusetts}}{{Dead link\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=van der Pool\|first=Lisa\|title=Dueling alimony bills raise hackles in legal circles\|work=[[Boston Business Journal]]\|url=http://boston.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2009/10/05/story7.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Alimony For Life – Push To Change Mass. Laws\|url=http://wbztv.com/local/alimony.for.life.2.1304753.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114085818/http://wbztv.com/local/alimony.for.life.2.1304753.html\|archive-date=2009-11-14\|publisher=WBZ News Channel 38}}</ref>		* How clear and prescriptive should state statutes be versus allowing a larger degree of Judicial Discretion?<ref name="Alimony Agony" /><ref>[https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/crt/legacy/2010/12/28/thunderhorsebr_sct.pdf]{{cite web \|title=Pierce v. Pierce Brief for the Amicus Curiae \|url=http://www.womensbar.org/images/amicus_piercevpierce.pdf \|publisher=The Women's Bar Association of Massachusetts}}{{Dead link\|date= June 2023\|bot=InternetArchiveBot\|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=van der Pool\|first=Lisa\|title=Dueling alimony bills raise hackles in legal circles\|work=[[Boston Business Journal]]\|url=http://boston.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2009/10/05/story7.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Alimony For Life – Push To Change Mass. Laws\|url=http://wbztv.com/local/alimony.for.life.2.1304753.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114085818/http://wbztv.com/local/alimony.for.life.2.1304753.html\|archive-date=2009-11-14\|publisher=WBZ News Channel 38}}</ref>

	In 2012, bills were introduced in the New Jersey Assembly and Senate. The Assembly passed a bill calling for a Blue Ribbon Commission to address Alimony Reform.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Rooney\|first=Matt\|title=Legislation would establish Blue Ribbon Commission to review New Jersey's alimony laws and suggest changes (blog)\|url=http://southjerseylawfirm.com/blog/update-alimony-reform-bill-passes-new-jersey-assembly/\|access-date=March 28, 2014\|website=southjerseylawfirm.com\|publisher=DeMichele & DeMichele Attorneys at Law}}</ref> The Senate has a similar bill pending that has not yet been posted in the Judiciary Committee.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Joelle Farrell\|first=Inquirer Trenton Bureau\|title=New Jersey struggles with the knotty issue of alimony reform\|url=http://articles.philly.com/2012-08-19/news/33273321_1_alimony-law-judges-odd-jobs\|access-date=28 March 2014\|work=Philadelphia Daily News\|publisher=Interstate General Media, LLC}}</ref> The NJ Matrimonial Bar Association has been vehemently fighting against Alimony Reform, led by Patrick Judge Jr. chairman of the Family Law section of the New Jersey State Bar Association.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Patrick\|first=Judge Jr\|title=On divorce and alimony, NJ on wrong path for women\|url=http://blog.nj.com/njv_guest_blog/2012/10/on_divorce_and_alimony_nj_on_w.html\|access-date=March 28, 2014\|work=The Star-Ledger\|publisher=New Jersey On-Line LLC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Patrick\|first=Judge Jr.\|title=Strength in Numbers\|url=http://www.highroadsolution.com/file_uploader/images/NJFamilyLawyerV33N1June2012.pdf\|access-date=28 March 2014\|work=highroadsolution.com\|pages=27–70}}</ref> Attorney Judge stated that the New Jersey State Bar Association ("NJSBA") objected to the inclusion of individuals with a vested interest in reforming alimony on the Blue Ribbon Commission and that the NJSBA supported the "establishment of a commission [to study alimony reform] but only as long as the commission is constituted so that a fair and unbiased review of the current alimony laws takes place…[and] should not be predisposed to an outcome…."<ref>{{cite web\|last=Patrick\|first=Judge\|title=Chair's Column Effectuating Change in the Legislature\|url=http://www.highroadsolution.com/file_uploader/images/FamilyLawyerV33N2Oct2012.pdf\|access-date=28 March 2014\|pages=1–2}}</ref>		In 2012, bills were introduced in the New Jersey Assembly and Senate. The Assembly passed a bill calling for a Blue Ribbon Commission to address Alimony Reform.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Rooney\|first=Matt\|title=Legislation would establish Blue Ribbon Commission to review New Jersey's alimony laws and suggest changes (blog)\|url=http://southjerseylawfirm.com/blog/update-alimony-reform-bill-passes-new-jersey-assembly/\|access-date=March 28, 2014\|website=southjerseylawfirm.com\|publisher=DeMichele & DeMichele Attorneys at Law}}</ref> The Senate has a similar bill pending that has not yet been posted in the Judiciary Committee.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Joelle Farrell\|first=Inquirer Trenton Bureau\|title=New Jersey struggles with the knotty issue of alimony reform\|url=http://articles.philly.com/2012-08-19/news/33273321_1_alimony-law-judges-odd-jobs\|access-date=28 March 2014\|work=Philadelphia Daily News\|publisher=Interstate General Media, LLC}}</ref> The NJ Matrimonial Bar Association has been vehemently fighting against Alimony Reform, led by Patrick Judge Jr. chairman of the Family Law section of the New Jersey State Bar Association.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Patrick\|first=Judge Jr\|title=On divorce and alimony, NJ on wrong path for women\|url=http://blog.nj.com/njv_guest_blog/2012/10/on_divorce_and_alimony_nj_on_w.html\|access-date=March 28, 2014\|work=The Star-Ledger\|publisher=New Jersey On-Line LLC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Patrick\|first=Judge Jr.\|title=Strength in Numbers\|url=http://www.highroadsolution.com/file_uploader/images/NJFamilyLawyerV33N1June2012.pdf\|access-date=28 March 2014\|work=highroadsolution.com\|pages=27–70}}</ref> Attorney Judge stated that the New Jersey State Bar Association ("NJSBA") objected to the inclusion of individuals with a vested interest in reforming alimony on the Blue Ribbon Commission and that the NJSBA supported the "establishment of a commission [to study alimony reform] but only as long as the commission is constituted so that a fair and unbiased review of the current alimony laws takes place…[and] should not be predisposed to an outcome…."<ref>{{cite web\|last=Patrick\|first=Judge\|title=Chair's Column Effectuating Change in the Legislature\|url=http://www.highroadsolution.com/file_uploader/images/FamilyLawyerV33N2Oct2012.pdf\|access-date=28 March 2014\|pages=1–2}}</ref>

WendellJoris: Added a new contribution to the collection.

2022-01-28T13:08:39Z

Added a new contribution to the collection.

Show changes

Alimony - Revision history

Zoyeford: adjust formatting for consistency and improved wording

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Bot: robot, dating maintenance tag modified: {{Dead link}}, {{More citations needed}} and more

WendellJoris: Added a new contribution to the collection.