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{{Short description|Mughal general}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| image = 1561-The Submission of the rebel brothers Ali Quli and Bahadur Khan-Akbarnama.jpg
| caption = Submission of Ali Quli Khan and Bahadur Khan.
| office1 = The governor of [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]].
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| monarch1 = [[Akbar]]
| allegiance = [[Mughal Empire]]
| serviceyears =
| rank =
| commands = [[Mughal Army]]
| battles = {{Hlist
| Numerous battles against Afghans of East Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
| Battle of Kara (1567)
}}
}}

'''Ali Quli Khan Zaman''' was a leading Uzbeg noble in the court of Mughal emperor [[Akbar]]. Before Akbar, he had also served under [[Humayun]] and later commanded Mughal army to the eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] region in battle against the rebel [[Afghans]]. Ali Quli later rebelled, supported by his Uzbeg kinsmen. His rebellion distracted the [[Mughal Empire]] for two years till 1567.

[[File:Ali Quli Khan Zaman und Bahadur Khan machen Akbar Geschenke.jpg|thumb|Ali Quli Khan Zaman and Bahadur Khan give gifts to Akbar]]

==Career==
Ali Quli Khan had kinship ties with other leading [[Uzbeg]] nobles of the Akbar who enjoyed powerful position and prestige during the time of Humayun as well. These included Bahadur Khan, Sikandar Khan, Iskandar Khan and Abdullah Khan. These nobles served the Mughal Empire in their own capacity in various regions. Ali Quli primarily proved himself as a distinguished commander by waging wars against the Afghans of the [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] region. He along with his Kinsmen controlled the regions like [[Banaras]], [[Awadh]] and Jaunpur. When Abdullah Khan, the governor of [[Malwa]] rebelled and on being pursued by Akbar fled to [[Gujarat]], Akbar developed a prejudice against the Uzbeg nobles.<ref name="Chandra">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&pg=PA100|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II|author=Satish Chandra|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=2005|pages=100–102|isbn=8124110662|access-date=2020-09-26}}</ref>
[[File:1561-The Victory of Ali Quli Khan on the river Gomti-Akbarnama.jpg|thumb|Illustration from [[Akbarnama]] showing victory of Ali Quli Khan on Afghans at Gomti, 1561]]
Akbar was also skeptical of the Khan Zaman's conduct, who fell in love with the son of a Camel rider whom he called "My Padshah" and bowed down to him.
Being aware of the Akbar's stand regarding Uzbegs and influenced by the tribal sense of independence that was prevalent in Afghans, Ali Quli decided to declare independence from Mughals. In the meantime he also developed friendship with Afghan ruler of [[Bengal]], Sulaiman Karrani. He recruited an army of 30,000 which contained Hindustanis, Afghans and Uzbegs in a bid to pursue his ambitions.<ref name="Chandra"/>

==Rebellion against Mughals==
Ali Quli was joined by other disgruntled Uzbeg nobles who felt that they were not rewarded as per the service they did for the Mughals. In 1565 when Akbar ordered one of the Uzbeg noble called Iskandar Khan to appear before him at his court, the alarmed Uzbegs under Ali Quli Khan raised the banner of open rebellion. The rebels attacked [[Kannauj]] and [[Kara, Uttar Pradesh|Kara]] into two separate groups. In order to contain the rebellion, Akbar took diplomatic step to isolate the rebels. The letter was sent to ruler of [[Orrisa]], who was in war of attrition with the Bengal for a long time and since Bengal was supporting Uzbegs, this step was taken to put a pressure upon the Sultan of Bengal.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bgiCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT181|title=Acute Akbar Versus The Spirited Nur Jahan: The Soul's Journey Through Time and the Who's Who of Rebirth|author=Susheila Naravane|chapter=13. The Khan Zaman Ali Quli Khan Uzbeg|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|year=2018|isbn=978-1789012316|access-date=2020-09-26}}</ref>

Jaunpur was made the headquarter of Mughal forces and message was sent to commander of [[Rohtas Fort|Rohtas]] fort to assist Mughal forces. Akbar also commanded his nobles to built houses in the Jaunpur to undertake a long run campaign against the rebels until they are crushed. In 1566; after a two-year campaign, Akbar was able to control them but given the friendship of [[Munim Khan]], Akbar's [[wakil]] with the Uzbegs they were pardoned and their ''[[Jagir]]'' were also returned by Akbar, who was persuaded by Munim Khan to do so. In the meantime, Akbar was distracted by the activities of his half brother [[Mirza Muhammad Hakim]], the ruler of [[Kabul]], who after being ousted by Sulaiman Mirza was trying to foment dissatisfaction in the [[Punjab]] region against Akbar.<ref name="Chandra"/>

The Uzbegs now declared Mirza Hakim as their emperor and started reading his name in ''[[Khutba]]'' with issuance of coinage in his name. This made Akbar rush quickly to contain them for the second time after chasing Mirza Hakim out of Punjab. The attempt of the Uzbegs under Ali Quli Khan to create dissatisfaction in the empire resulted in loss of Akbar's trust upon them.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ|title=History of Medieval India: 800-1700|author=Satish Chandra|publisher= Orient BlackSwan|year=2007|pages=228, 229|isbn=978-8125032267|access-date=2020-09-24}}</ref>

==Death==
In 1567, Akbar defeated the Uzbegs near Kara and Khan Zaman was killed during the battle while his kinsmen Bahadur Khan was captured and executed.<ref name="Chandra"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4aqU9Zu7mFoC&pg=PA32|title=Mughal Rule in India|author1=Stephen Meredyth Edwardes |author2=Herbert Leonard Offley Garrett |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|year=1995|page=32,33|isbn=8171565514|access-date=2020-09-26}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Mughal generals]]
[[Category:Akbar]]
[[Category:Mughal nobility]]

Ali Quli Khan Zaman - Revision history

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