Lobosolitario: Islamic hadith scholar

2023-10-05T00:16:25Z

Islamic hadith scholar

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{{Short description|Islamic hadith scholar (824–892)}}
{{for multi|the 8th-century Sufi scholar|Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi|the surname|Tirmizi (surname)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = At-Tirmidhi
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| era = [[Islamic golden age]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| birth_date = 824/ 209 [[Hijri year|AH]]
| birth_place = [[Termez]], now [[Surxondaryo Region]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| death_date = 9 October 892/ 13 Rajab 279 AH (aged 70)
| death_place = Termez, now Surxondaryo Region, [[Uzbekistan]]
| occupation =
| relations =
| region = [[Abbasid Caliphate]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| language =
| nationality =
| period =
| tradition_movement =
| main_interests = [[Hadith]]
| notable_ideas =
| notable_works = [[Jami at-Tirmidhi]] <br /> [[Shama'il Muhammadiyah]]
| influences = [[Muhammad al-Bukhari]]
| influenced =
| creed = [[Ahl al-Hadith]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=El Shamsy |first=Ahmed |year=2007 |title=The First Shāfiʿī: The Traditionalist Legal Thought of Abū Yaʿqūb al-buwayṭī (d. 231/846) |journal=Islamic Law and Society |volume=14 |issue=3 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40377944 |pages=324–325 |publisher=Brill Publishers |jstor=40377944 |via=JSTOR |access-date=2021-12-26 |archive-date=2021-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226175841/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40377944 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bearman, Bianquis, Bosworth, Donzel, Heinrighs |first=PJ. , TH. , C. E. , E. VAN AND W. P. |title=The Encyclopedia of Islam:New Edition Vol. X|publisher=Brill |year=2000|isbn=90-04-11211-1| location=Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands |page=544}}</ref>
}}
'''Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā as-Sulamī aḍ-Ḍarīr al-Būghī at-Tirmidhī''' ({{lang-ar|أبو عيسى محمد بن عيسى السلمي الضرير البوغي الترمذي}}; {{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|ترمذی}}}}, ''Termezī''; 824 – 9 October 892 CE / 209 - 279 AH), often referred to as '''Imām at-Termezī/Tirmidhī''', was an [[Islamic scholar]], and collector of [[hadith]] from [[Termez]] (early [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] and in present-day [[Uzbekistan]]). He wrote ''[[Jami` at-Tirmidhi|al-Jami` as-Sahih]]'' (known as ''Jami` at-Tirmidhi''), one of the [[Al-Kutub al-Sittah|six canonical hadith compilations]] in [[Sunni]] [[Islam]]. He also wrote ''[[Shama'il Muhammadiyah]]'' (popularly known as ''Shama'il at-Tirmidhi''), a compilation of hadiths concerning the person and character of the Islamic prophet, [[Muhammad]]. At-Tirmidhi was also well versed in [[Arabic grammar]], favoring the school of [[Kufa]] over [[Basra]] due to the former's preservation of [[Arabic poetry]] as a primary source.<ref>"Sibawayh, His Kitab, and the Schools of Basra and Kufa." Taken from ''Changing Traditions: Al-Mubarrad's Refutation of Sībawayh and the Subsequent Reception of the Kitāb'', p. 12. Volume 23 of Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics. Ed. Monique Bernards. [[Leiden]]: [[Brill Publishers]], 1997. {{ISBN|9789004105959}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Name and lineage===

Al-Tirmidhi's given name (''[[ism (name)|ism]]'') was "Muhammad" while his ''[[Kunya (Arabic)|kunya]]'' was "Abu `Isa" ("father of `Isa"). His genealogy is uncertain; his ''[[nasab]]'' (patronymic) has variously been given as:
* Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá ibn Sawrah ({{lang|ar|محمد بن عيسى بن سورة}})&lrm;<ref name=juynboll/>
* Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá ibn Sawrah ibn Mūsá ibn aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk ({{lang|ar|محمد بن عيسى بن سورة بن موسى بن الضحاك}})&lrm;<ref name="abdulMawjood">
{{cite book|last=Abdul Mawjood|first=Salahuddin ʻAli|title=The Biography of Imām at-Tirmidhī|translator=Abu Bakr ibn Nasir|year=2007|publisher=Darussalam|location=Riyadh|isbn=978-9960983691|edition=1st}}</ref><ref name="tadhhib">{{cite book|title=تذهيب تهذيب الكمال في أسماء الرجال (Tadhhīb tahdhīb al-kamāl fī asmā' al-rijāl)|year=2004|publisher=al-Fārūq al-Hadīthah lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr|location=Cairo|isbn=9773700100|author=Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Dhahabī (d. 1348)|author-link=al-Dhahabi|language=ar|page=248|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2c6SUL5kn0C&pg=PT247|access-date=2015-10-19|archive-date=2016-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624005132/https://books.google.com/books?id=e2c6SUL5kn0C&pg=PT247|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ibnKhallikan">
{{cite book|title=Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary|year=1843|orig-year=Written 1274|publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|location=Paris|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XeMtAAAAIAAJ/page/n696 679]–680|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XeMtAAAAIAAJ|author=Ibn Khallikan|author-link=Ibn Khallikan|chapter=At-Tirmidi ''the traditionist''|others=Translated from ''Wafayāt al-a‘yān wa-anbā’ abnā’ az-zamān'' by [[Baron Mac Guckin de Slane]]}}</ref><ref name="ibnKathir">
{{cite wikisource |author=Ibn Kathir (d. 1373) |authorlink=Ibn Kathir |wslanguage=ar |chapter=ثم دخلت سنة تسع وسبعين ومائتين |trans-chapter=Then entered year 279 |plaintitle=[[Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya|البداية والنهاية (al-Bidāyah wa-al-nihāyah)]] |wslink=البداية والنهاية/الجزء الحادي عشر |anchor=الترمذي |volume=11}}</ref>
* Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá ibn Sawrah ibn Shaddād ({{lang|ar|محمد بن عيسى بن سورة بن شداد}})&lrm;<ref name="wensinck">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Wensinck |first=A.J. |title=al-Tirmidhī |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913-1936) |publisher=E. J. Brill |location=Leiden |year=1993 |volume=8 |pages=796–797 |isbn=9004097961 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&pg=PA796 |access-date=2015-10-19 |archive-date=2016-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512120852/https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&pg=PA796 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá ibn Sawrah ibn Shaddād ibn aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk ({{lang|ar|محمد بن عيسى بن سورة بن شداد بن الضحاك}})&lrm;<ref name="robson">
{{cite journal |last1=Robson |first1=James |date=June 1954 |title=The Transmission of Tirmidhī's Jāmi' |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=258–270 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] on behalf of [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] |doi=10.1017/S0041977X0010597X |jstor=609168 |s2cid=127754171 }}</ref>
* Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá ibn Sawrah ibn Shaddād ibn ‛Īsá ({{lang|ar|محمد بن عيسى بن سورة بن شداد بن عيسى}})&lrm;<ref name=ibnKathir/>
* Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá ibn Yazīd ibn Sawrah ibn as-Sakan ({{lang|ar|محمد بن عيسى بن يزيد بن سورة بن السكن}})&lrm;<ref name=abdulMawjood/><ref name=tadhhib/><ref name=ibnKathir/>
* Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá ibn Sahl ({{lang|ar|محمد بن عيسى بن سهل}})&lrm;<ref>{{cite book|last=Lane|first=Andrew J.|title=A Traditional Mu'tazilite Qur'an Commentary: The Kashshaf of Jar Allah al-Zamakhshari (d. 538/1144)|year=2006|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=9004147004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNfFPLD9COcC&pg=PA385|page=385|access-date=2015-10-19|archive-date=2016-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501223940/https://books.google.com/books?id=MNfFPLD9COcC&pg=PA385|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sezgin|first=Fuat|title=تاريخ التراث العربي (Tārīkh al-turāth al-'arabī)|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyFAirl2ndQC&pg=PT208|author-link=Fuat Sezgin|language=ar|others=Translated by Mahmud Fahmi Hijazi|volume=1|at=Part 4. p.209|access-date=2015-10-19|archive-date=2016-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510012722/https://books.google.com/books?id=WyFAirl2ndQC&pg=PT208|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá ibn Sahl ibn Sawrah ({{lang|ar|محمد بن عيسى بن سهل بن سورة}})&lrm;<ref>
{{cite book|title=التضامن الدولي في النظام الإسلامي والنظم الوضعية : دراسة مقارنة (al-Taḍāmun al-dawlī fī al-niẓām al-Islāmī wa-al-nuẓum al-waḍʻīyah : dirāsah muqāranah)|year=2007|publisher=Dār al-Yaqīn|location=Mansoura, Egypt|isbn=9789773362409|author=Rushdī Abū Shabānah ʻAlī al-Rashīdī|edition=1st}}

</ref>

He was also known by the ''[[laqab]]'' "ad-Darir" ("the Blind"). It has been said that he was born blind, but the majority of scholars agree that he became blind later in his life.<ref name=abdulMawjood/><ref name="hoosen">
{{cite book|last=Hoosen|first=Abdool Kader|title=Imam Tirmidhi's contribution towards Hadith|year=1990|publisher=A.K. Hoosen|location=Newcastle, South Africa|isbn=9780620153140|edition=1st}}

</ref>

At-Tirmidhi's grandfather was originally from [[Merv|Marw]] (Persian: Merv), but moved to Tirmidh.<ref name=abdulMawjood/>
According to ''[[Britannica Online]]'', he was an Arab.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Tirmidhi | title=Al-Tirmidhī | Muslim scholar | Britannica }}</ref> According to S.H. Nasr and M. Mutahhari in ''[[The Cambridge History of Iran]]'', Al-Tirmidhi was of [[Persians|Persian]] ethnicity.<ref>{{Cambridge History of Iran|last1=Nasr|first1=S. H.|last2= Mutahhari|first2=M.|chapter=The Religious Sciences |volume=4 |page=471 }}</ref> His uncle was the famous Sufi Abu Bakr al-[[Abu Bakr al-Warraq|Warraq]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Abū Bakr al-Warrāq |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_com_0048 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=Encyclopaedia Islamica|doi=10.1163/1875-9831_isla_com_0048 }}</ref> Al-Warraq was the teacher of Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi, a known associate of the famous theologian Abu Mansur [[Abu Mansur al-Maturidi|Al-Matuiridi]].{{cn|date=March 2023}}

===Birth===
Muhammad ibn `Isa at-Tirmidhi was born during the reign of the [[Abbasid]] caliph [[al-Ma'mun]]. His year of birth has been reported as 209 [[Hijri year|AH]] (824/825).<ref name=ali/><ref name="banuri">
{{cite journal |last1=Banuri |first1=Muhammad Yusuf|author-link=Muhammad Yusuf Banuri|date=April 1957 |title=الترمذي صاحب الجامع في السنن (al-Tirmidhī ṣaḥib al-jāmi' fī al-sunan) |journal=Majallat Al-Majmaʻ Al-ʻIlmī Al-ʻArabīyah |volume=32 |page=308 |location=Damascus |language=ar}} Cited by {{cite book|last=Hoosen|first=Abdool Kader|title=Imam Tirmidhi's contribution towards Hadith|year=1990|publisher=A.K. Hoosen|location=Newcastle, South Africa|isbn=9780620153140|edition=1st}}

</ref><ref name="itr">{{cite book|title=شرح علل الترمذي Sharḥ 'Ilal al-Tirmidhī|editor=Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali|editor-link=Ibn Rajab|year=1978|author=Nur al-Din Itr|edition=1st|publisher=Dār al-Mallāḥ|chapter=تصدير Taṣdīr|trans-chapter=Preface|language=ar|page=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMHumJ9OopcC&pg=PT10|access-date=2015-10-19|archive-date=2016-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511030746/https://books.google.com/books?id=SMHumJ9OopcC&pg=PT10|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Adh-Dhahabi]] only states that at-Tirmidhi was born near the year 210 AH (825/826),<ref name=abdulMawjood/> thus some sources give his year of birth as 210 AH.<ref name="juynboll">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Juynboll |first=G.H.A. |title=al-Tirmidhī |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Brill Online |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-tirmidhi-SIM_7569 |access-date=2016-09-16 |archive-date=2016-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921023453/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-tirmidhi-SIM_7569 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wheeler">{{cite book|editor-last=Wheeler|editor-first=Brannon M.|title=Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis|year=2002|publisher=Continuum|location=New York|isbn=0826449565|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lo9jAavEHdIC&pg=PA358|page=358|chapter=Glossary of Interpreters and Transmitters|access-date=2015-10-19|archive-date=2016-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723035124/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lo9jAavEHdIC&pg=PA358|url-status=live}}</ref> Some sources indicate that he was born in [[Mecca]] (Siddiqi says he was born in Mecca in 206 AH (821/822))<ref name=siddiqi>

{{cite book|last=Siddiqi|first=Muhammad Zubayr|title=Hadith Literature: Its Origin, Development & Special Features|page=64}}

</ref> while others say he was born in [[Tirmidh]] ([[Persian language|Persian]]: Termez), in what is now southern [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name="ali">{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Syed Bashir|title=Scholars of Hadith|year=2003|publisher=IQRAʼ International Educational Foundation|location=Skokie, IL|isbn=1563162040|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6HRKMXkxnkAC&pg=PA118|access-date=2015-10-19|archive-date=2016-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428135855/https://books.google.com/books?id=6HRKMXkxnkAC&pg=PA118|url-status=live}}</ref> The stronger opinion is that he was born in Tirmidh.<ref name=abdulMawjood/> Specifically, he was born in one of its suburbs, the village of Bugh (hence the ''[[Nisbat (onomastics)|nisbats]]'' "at-Tirmidhi" and "al-Bughi").<ref name=banuri/><ref name=wheeler/><ref name="adamec">{{cite book|last=Adamec|first=Ludwig W.|title=Historical Dictionary of Islam|year=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=9780810861619|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtDFey6MXJkC&pg=PA307|edition=2nd|page=307|access-date=2015-10-19|archive-date=2016-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515090347/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtDFey6MXJkC&pg=PA307|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="termez">{{cite web|title=Termez|url=http://www.uzbek-travel.com/uzbek-cities/city/12.html|publisher=www.uzbek-travel.com|access-date=2013-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924024627/http://www.uzbek-travel.com/uzbek-cities/city/12.html|archive-date=2012-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Hadith studies===
At-Tirmidhi began the study of hadith at the age of 20. From the year 235 AH (849/850) he traveled widely in [[Greater Khurasan|Khurasan]], [[Iraq]], and the [[Hijaz]] in order to collect hadith.<ref name=juynboll/><ref name=wensinck/><ref name=robson/> His teachers and those he narrated from included:
* [[Muhammad al-Bukhari|al-Bukhari]]<ref name=juynboll/><ref name=tadhhib/><ref name=ibnKhallikan/><ref name=wensinck/><ref name=robson/><ref name=hoosen/><ref name=ali/><ref name=siddiqi/>
* Abū Rajā’ Qutaybah ibn Sa‘īd al-Balkhī al-Baghlāni<ref name=tadhhib/><ref name=ibnKhallikan/><ref name=robson/><ref name=ali/>
* ‘Alī ibn Ḥujr ibn Iyās as-Sa‘dī al-Marwazī<ref name=tadhhib/><ref name=ibnKhallikan/><ref name=robson/><ref name=ali/>
* Muḥammad ibn Bashshār al-Baṣrī<ref name=ibnKhallikan/><ref name=robson/><ref name=ali/>
* ‘Abd Allāh ibn Mu‘āwiyah al-Jumaḥī al-Baṣrī<ref name=tadhhib/>
* Abū Muṣ‘ab az-Zuhrī al-Madanī<ref name=tadhhib/>
* Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Mālik ibn Abī ash-Shawārib al-Umawī al-Baṣrī<ref name=tadhhib/>
* Ismā‘īl ibn Mūsá al-Fazārī al-Kūfi<ref name=tadhhib/>
* Muḥammad ibn Abī Ma‘shar as-Sindī al-Madanī<ref name=tadhhib/>
* Abū Kurayb Muḥammad ibn al-‘Alā’ al-Kūfī<ref name=tadhhib/><ref name=robson/>
* Hanād ibn al-Sarī al-Kūfī<ref name=tadhhib/><ref name=robson/>
* Ibrāhīm ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Harawī<ref name=tadhhib/>
* Suwayd ibn Naṣr ibn Suwayd al-Marwazī<ref name=tadhhib/>
* Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Baṣrī<ref name=robson/>
* Zayd ibn Akhzam al-Baṣrī<ref name=hoosen/>
* al-‘Abbās al-‘Anbarī al-Baṣrī<ref name=hoosen/>
* Muḥammad ibn al-Muthanná al-Baṣrī<ref name=hoosen/>
* Muḥammad ibn Ma‘mar al-Baṣrī<ref name=hoosen/>
* [[ad-Darimi]]<ref name=robson/><ref name=ali/>
* [[Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj|Muslim]]<ref name=hoosen/><ref name=ali/><ref name=siddiqi/>
* [[Abu Dawood|Abu Dawud]]<ref name=wensinck/><ref name=hoosen/><ref name=siddiqi/>

At the time, Khurasan, at-Tirmidhi's native land, was a major center of learning, being home to a large number of [[Muhaddith|''muhaddiths'']]. Other major centers of learning visited by at-Tirmidhi were the Iraqi cities of [[Kufa]] and [[Basra]]. At-Tirmidhi reported hadith from 42 Kufan teachers. In his ''Jami`'', he used more reports from Kufan teachers than from teachers of any other town.<ref name=hoosen/>

At-Tirmidhi was a pupil of [[Muhammad al-Bukhari|al-Bukhari]], who was based in Khurasan. Adh-Dhahabi wrote, "His knowledge of hadith came from al-Bukhari."<ref name=ali/> At-Tirmidhi mentioned al-Bukhari's name 114 times in his ''Jami`''. He used al-Bukhari's ''Kitab at-Tarikh'' as a source when mentioning discrepancies in the text of a hadith or its transmitters, and praised al-Bukhari as being the most knowledgeable person in Iraq or Khurasan in the science of discrepancies of hadith. When mentioning the rulings of jurists, he followed al-Bukhari's practice of not mentioning the name of [[Abu Hanifah]]. Because he never received a reliable chain of narrators to mention Abu Hanifa's decrees, he would instead attribute them to "some people of Kufa."<ref name=hoosen/> Al-Bukhari held at-Tirmidhi in high regard as well. He is reported to have told at-Tirmidhi, "I have profited more from you than you have from me," and in his ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih]]'' he narrated two hadith from at-Tirmidhi.<ref name=hoosen/><ref name=ali/>

At-Tirmidhi also narrated some hadiths from Abu Dawud, and one from Muslim.<ref name=hoosen/> Muslim also narrated one hadith from at-Tirmidhi in his own ''[[Sahih Muslim|Sahih]]''.<ref name=ali/>

A.J. Wensinck mentions [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] as among at-Tirmidhi's teachers.<ref name=wensinck/><ref name=hoosen/> However, Hoosen states that according to the most reliable sources, at-Tirmidhi never went to Baghdad, nor did he attend any lectures of Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Furthermore, at-Tirmidhi never directly narrates from Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his ''Jami`''.<ref name=hoosen/>

Several of at-Tirmidhi's teachers also taught al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, [[Ibn Majah]], and [[an-Nasa'i]].

===Writings===
* ''Al-Jami' al-Mukhtasar min as-Sunan 'an Rasul Allah'', known as ''[[Jami' at-Tirmidhi]]''
* ''Al-'Ilal as-Sughra''
* ''Az-Zuhd''
* ''Al-'Ilal al-Kubra''
* ''Ash-Shama'il an-Nabawiyya wa'l-Fada'il al-Mustafawiyya''
* ''Al-Asma' wa'l-Kuna''
* ''Kitab at-Tarikh''

== Accusation of heresy by some Hanbalites ==
Al-Tirmidhi was accused of being a [[Jahmi|Jahmi heretic]] and was harshly criticized by some fanatic [[Hanbali]] followers, including [[Abu Bakr al-Khallal]] (d. 311/923) in his ''Kitab al-Sunna'' (Book of the Prophetic Tradition), because he rejected a narration attributed to [[Mujahid ibn Jabr]] concerning the explanation of the verse 79 from [[Surat al-Isra']] in the [[Qur'an]] about the praiseworthy station of [[Muhammad]] known as "al-Maqam al-Mahmud".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CqBJCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT230|author=Abu Bakr al-Khallal|author-link=Abu Bakr al-Khallal|title=Kitab al-Sunna (The Book of the Sunna)|quote=فقد كان أحدث هذا الترمذي المبتدع ببلدنا ما اتصل بنا أنه حدث ببلدكم، وهذا أمر قد كان اضمحل وأخمله الله، وأخمل أهله وقائله، وليس بموجود في الناس، قد سلب عقله، أخزاه الله وأخزى أشياعه، وقد كان الشيوخ سئلوا عنه في حياة أبي بكر رحمه الله ومحدثي بغداد والكوفة وغير ذلك، فلم يكن منهم أحد إلا أنكره، وكره من أمره ما كتبنا به إليكم لتقفوا عليه، فأما ما قال العباس بن محمد الدوري عند سؤالهم إياه عنه ورده حديث مجاهد: ذكر أن هذا الترمذي الذي رد حديث مجاهد ما رآه قط عند محدث، ولا يعرفه بالطلب، وإن هذا الحديث لا ينكره إلا مبتدع جهمي، فنحن نسأل الله العافية من بدعته وضلالته، فما أعظم ما جاء به هذا من الضلالة والبدع، عمد إلى حديث فيه فضيلة للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فأراد أن يزيله ويتكلم في من رواه، وقد قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: « لا تزال طائفة من أمتي على الحق، لا يضرهم من ناوأهم » ونحن نحذر عن هذا الرجل أن تستمعوا منه، وممن قال بقوله، أو تصدقوهم في شيء، فإن السنة عندنا إحياء ذكر هذا الحديث، وما أشبهه مما ترده الجهمية|access-date=2020-09-25|archive-date=2022-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708142540/https://books.google.com/books?id=CqBJCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT230|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/politics/2017/05/17/محنة-الإمام-الترمذي-مع-التكفير|title= محنة الإمام الترمذي مع التكفير|author= Yusuf Aba al-Khail|website= www.alarabiya.net|date= 17 May 2017|publisher= [[Al Arabiya]]|access-date= 2022-07-08|archive-date= 2022-07-08|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220708142544/https://www.alarabiya.net/politics/2017/05/17/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.alriyadh.com/1594837|title= محنة الإمام الترمذي مع التكفير|author= Yusuf Aba al-Khail|website= www.alriyadh.com|publisher= [[Al Riyadh (newspaper)|Al Riyadh]]|access-date= 2020-09-25|archive-date= 2021-04-10|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210410223726/https://www.alriyadh.com/1594837|url-status= live}}</ref>

The verse is: "And from [part of] the night, pray{{efn|Literally, "arise from sleep for prayer."}} with it [i.e., recitation of the Qur’ān] as additional [worship] for you; it is expected that{{efn|This is a promise from Allāh to Muhammad.}} your Lord will resurrect you to a praised station."{{efn|The position of intercession by permission of Allāh and the highest degree in Paradise.}}{{Qref|17|79|s=y|b=y|t=si}}

The Hanbalites interpreted the Praiseworthy Station as the seating of Muhammad on the Throne next to God, despite the overall weakness of the narrations supporting it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naqshbandi.ca/pages/prophete.php?id_article=167|title=The Prophet's (s) Seating on the Throne|author=Gibril Fouad Haddad|author-link=Gibril Fouad Haddad|website=www.naqshbandi.ca|publisher=Naqshbandi Order in Montreal|access-date=2020-09-25|archive-date=2021-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125011014/http://www.naqshbandi.ca/pages/prophete.php?id_article=167|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Death==
At-Tirmidhi was blind in the last two years of his life, according to adh-Dhahabi.<ref name=robson/> His blindness is said to have been the consequence of excessive weeping, either due to fear of God or over the death of [[Muhammad al-Bukhari|al-Bukhari]].<ref name=juynboll/><ref name=abdulMawjood/><ref name=robson/><ref name=hoosen/><ref name=ali/>

He died on Monday night, 13 Rajab 279 AH (Sunday night, 8 October 892){{efn|In the Islamic calendar, the weekday begins at sunset.}} in Bugh.<ref name=ibnKhallikan/><ref name=robson/><ref name=hoosen/>

At-Tirmidhi is buried on the outskirts of [[Sherobod]], 60 kilometers north of [[Termez]] in [[Uzbekistan]]. In Termez he is locally known as Abu Isa at-Termezi or "Termez Ota" ("Father of Termez").<ref name=termez/>

== See also ==
* [[Al-Tabari]]

==Early Islam scholars==
{{Islam scholars diagram}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{EB1911 Poster|Tirmidhī|Al-Tirmidhi}}
* [http://www.muslimscholars.info/manage.php?submit=scholar&ID=30005 Biodata at MuslimScholars.info]
* [https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/about Biography at Sunnah.com]
* [http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm Biography of Imam al-Tirmidhi at Sunnah.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010032617/http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm |date=2018-10-10 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080214101424/http://www.theclearpath.com/viewtopic.php?t=100 Biography of al-Tirmidhee at theclearpath.com]

{{People of Khorasan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tirmidhi}}
[[Category:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
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[[Category:Muslim scholars persecuted by Hanbalis]]
[[Category:People from Surxondaryo Region]]
[[Category:Shafi'is]]
[[Category:9th-century Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:9th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:824 births]]
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Al-Tirmidhi - Revision history

Abid: quick fix article for accuracy and updated info

Lobosolitario: Islamic hadith scholar