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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Concept of eternal existence}}'''Akāraṇavat''' ([[Sanskrit]]: अकारणवत्) is a concept of eternal existence mentioned in the [[Indian philosophy|Indian philosophical]] text [[Vaiśeṣika Sūtra|Vaisheshika Sutra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gajendragadkar |first=Veena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFIQAQAAIAAJ |title=Kaṇāda's Doctrine of the Padārthas, I.e. the Categories |date=1988 |publisher=Sri Satguru Publications |isbn=978-81-7030-119-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Franco |first1=Eli |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bry0DQAAQBAJ&q=Ak%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87avat |title=Around Abhinavagupta: Aspects of the Intellectual History of Kashmir from the Ninth to the Eleventh Century |last2=Ratié |first2=Isabelle |date=2016 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-643-90697-7 |language=en}}</ref> According to the concept of ''akāraṇavat'', the eternal is that which is existent and uncaused.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-11-19 |title=Sūtra 4.1.1 (The eternal defined) |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vaisheshika-sutra-commentary/d/doc485806.html |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Etymology ==<br />
Akāraṇavat is a Sanskrit word having two terms ''akāraṇa'' (cause free) and ''vat'' (affix term). The literal meaning of akāraṇa is cause-free. When the affix term vat is added after the word akāraṇa, then the compound term ''akāraṇavat'' takes the form of possessive adjective. Thus the literal meaning of the term ''akāraṇavat'' is being free from causation.<br />
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== Description ==<br />
The concept of the Akāraṇavat is mentioned in the fourth chapter of the text Vaisheshika Sutra.<ref name=":0" /> The first verse of the fourth chapter mentioned the concept of the Akāraṇavat for the ultimate atoms ([[Paramanu]]). According to [[Kaṇāda|Maharshi Kanada]], the ultimate atoms are eternal, uncaused, non-destructive and are inferred from their effects.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Biswas |first1=Arun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nFjbAAAAMAAJ |title=Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Indigenous literary evidence |last2=Biswas |first2=Sulekha |date=1996 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |isbn=978-81-246-0048-1 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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{{Blockquote|text=॥ सत् अकारणवत् नित्यम् ॥<br />
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॥ sat akāraṇavat nityam ॥|author=Maharshi Kanada|title=Vaisheshika Sutra|source=Verse 4.1.1}}[[Sankara Mishra]] in his commentary text [[Upaskara]] explained the concept. According to him, Akāraṇavat means the absence of the preceding cause.<ref name=":0" /> In the second verse or sutra of the fourth chapter, the mark of the existence of the ultimate atoms is mentioned.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-11-19 |title=Sūtra 4.1.2 (Mark of existence of ultimate atoms) |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vaisheshika-sutra-commentary/d/doc485807.html |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Anil De |url=https://archive.org/details/vaisesikasutrasofkanadanandalalsinhasbh_202003_365_u |title=Vaisesika Sutras Of Kanada Nandalal Sinha SBH}}</ref><br />
{{Blockquote|text=॥ तस्य कार्यं लिङ्गम् ॥<br />
॥ tasya kāryaṃ liṅgam ॥|source=Verse 4.1.2}}According to the second Sutra of the fourth chapter, the mark of the existence of the ultimate atoms is inferred from their effects.<br />
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== References ==<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Akāraṇavat}}<br />
[[Category:Indian philosophical concepts]]<br />
[[Category:Atomism]]<br />
[[Category:Vedas]]<br />
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