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'''Ajmer''' {{IPA-hns|ədʒmeːr|pron|Ajmer.ogg}} is one of the major and oldest cities in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]] and the centre of the eponymous [[Ajmer District]]. It is located at the centre of [[Rajasthan]], and is home to the [[Ajmer Sharif]] shrine. The city was established as "''Ajayameru''" (translated as "Invincible Hills") by a [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] ruler, either [[Ajayaraja I]] or [[Ajayaraja II]], and served as their capital until the 12th century CE.{{sfn|Har Bilas Sarda|1911|pp=68-74}}{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=87}}

Ajmer is surrounded by the [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli Mountains]]. Ajmer had been a municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana|HRIDAY]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hridayindia.in/hriday-cities/|title=Hriday Cities {{!}} Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)|website=www.hridayindia.in|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928082927/http://www.hridayindia.in/hriday-cities/|archive-date=28 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Smart City Mission schemes of the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hridayindia.in/|title=Introduction|website=Hriday official website|access-date=30 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826075658/http://hridayindia.in/|archive-date=26 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of Ajmer}}
[[File:Jahangir Receives Prince Khurram at Ajmer on His Return from the Mewar Campaign.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Jahangir receives Prince Khurram at Ajmer on his return from the Mewar campaign]]

Ajmer was originally known as ''Ajayameru''. The city was founded by an 11th-century Chahamana king Ajaydeva. Historian [[Dasharatha Sharma]] notes that the earliest mention of the city's name occurs in Palha's ''[[Pattavali]]'', which was copied in 1113 CE (1170 [[Vikrama Samvat|VS]]) at [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]]. This suggests that Ajmer was founded sometime before 1113 CE.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=40}} A ''[[prashasti]]'' (eulogistic inscription), issued by [[Vigraharaja IV]] and found at [[Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra]], states Ajayadeva (that is Ajayaraja II) moved his residence to Ajmer.{{sfn|Har Bilas Sarda|1911|pp=68-74}}

A later text ''[[Prabandha Kosha|Prabandha-Kosha]]'' states that it was the 8th-century king [[Ajayaraja I]] who commissioned the Ajayameru fort, which later came to be known as the [[Taragarh Fort, Ajmer|Taragarh fort]] of Ajmer.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=87}} According to historian R. B. Singh, this claim appears to be true, as inscriptions dated to the 8th century CE have been found at Ajmer.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=88}} Singh theorises that Ajayaraja II later expanded the town area, constructed palaces, and moved the Chahamana capital from [[Sambhar, Rajasthan|Shakambhari]] to Ajmer.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|pp=131-132}}

In 1193, Ajmer was annexed by the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluks]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and later was returned to Rajput rulers under condition of tribute.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ajmer|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ajmer|url-status=live|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>

In 1556, Ajmer came under the [[Mughal Empire]] after being conquered by [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]].<ref name=":0" /> It was made the capital of the eponymous [[Ajmer Subah]]. The city enjoyed special favour under the Mughals, who made frequent pilgrimages to the city to visit the [[Ajmer Sharif Dargah|''dargah'' of Moinuddin Chishti]]. The city was also used as a military base for campaigns against Rajput rulers, and on a number of occasions became the site of celebration when a campaign bore success. Mughal Emperors and their nobles made generous donations to the city, and endowed it with constructions such as [[Akbari Fort & Museum|Akbar's palace]] and the pavilions along the [[Ana Sagar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281|title=Architecture of Mughal India|date=1992-09-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|pages=77-80}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281|title=Architecture of Mughal India|date=1992-09-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|pages=118-122}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281|title=Architecture of Mughal India|date=1992-09-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|pages=170 & 174-178}}</ref> Their most prominent building activities were in the ''dargah'' and its vicinity.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281|title=Architecture of Mughal India|date=1992-09-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|pages=220}}</ref> [[Jahanara Begum]] and [[Dara Shikoh]], children of [[Shah Jahan]], were both born in the city in 1614 and 1615 respectively.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

Mughal patronage of the city waned after the end of [[Aurangzeb]]'s rule. In 1770, the [[Maratha Empire]] conquered the city, and in 1818, the British gained authority over the city.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281|title=Architecture of Mughal India|date=1992-09-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|pages=310}}</ref> Colonial-era Ajmer served as the headquarters of the [[Ajmer-Merwara Province]] and possessed a Central jail, a [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer#Attached Hospitals|large General Hospital]], and two smaller hospitals according to Gazetteer, 1908. It was the headquarters of a native regiment and of a Railway Volunteer corps. From the 1900s, United Free Church of Scotland, the church of England, the Roman Catholics, and the American Episcopal Methodists have mission establishments here.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.patrika.com/ajmer-news/world-tourism-day-2018-new-tourism-point-develop-in-ajmer-district-3472887/?ufrm=lsub|title=#World Tourism Day 2018:सूफियत की महक और तीर्थनगरी पुष्कर की सनातन संस्कृति|work=www.patrika.com|access-date=2018-09-28|language=hi-IN}}</ref> At that time there were twelve printing presses in the city, from which eight weekly newspapers were published.<ref>{{Cite book|title=THE IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, 1908.|publisher=OUP|pages=Extract}}</ref>

At the time of Independence Ajmer continued as a separate state with its own legislature until its merger with erstwhile Rajputana province then called Rajasthan. The Legislature of Ajmer State was housed in the building which now houses T. T. College. It had 30 MLAs, and Haribhau Upadhaya was the first chief minister of the erstwhile state, with Bhagirath Chaudhary as the first Vidhan Sabha speaker. In 1956, after acceptance of the proposal by Fazil Ali, Ajmer was merged into Rajasthan to form Ajmer District with the addition of Kishangarh sub-division of Jaipur district.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://epaper.patrika.com/c/32616903|title=Clipping of Patrika Group - Ajmer|access-date=2018-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928083127/http://epaper.patrika.com/c/32616903|archive-date=28 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Other Name in Literature==
Gujarati Historic Novel named ''Gujaratno Jay'' written by [[Zaverchand Meghani]] based on various Jain Prabandhas describes city as ''Sapadlakshan'' (સપાદલક્ષણ).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Gujaratno Jay|last=Meghani|first=Zaverchand|publisher=Gurjar Sahitya Bhavan|year=April 2011|isbn=978-81-8461-481-7|location=Ahmdabad|pages=62}}</ref>

==Geography==
Ajmer is in the northwest of India and is surrounded by the Aravali Mountains. It is situated on the lower slopes of the Taragarh Hill of that range. To the northwest is the Nagapathar Range of the Aravali Mountain Ranges which protects it from [[desertification]] from the [[Thar Desert]].

==Climate==
Ajmer has a hot, semi-arid climate with over {{convert|55|cm|in|abbr=off}} of rain every year, but most of the rain occurs in the [[monsoon]] months, between June and September. Temperatures remain relatively high throughout the year, with the summer months of April to early July having an average daily temperature of about {{convert|30|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. During the monsoon there is frequent heavy rain and thunderstorms, but flooding is not a common occurrence. The winter months of November to February are mild and temperate with average temperatures ranging from {{convert|15|–|18|C|F}} with little or no humidity. There are, however, occasional cold weather fronts that cause temperatures to fall to near freezing levels.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Ajmer (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 32.6
| Feb record high C = 36.8
| Mar record high C = 42.3
| Apr record high C = 44.6
| May record high C = 47.4
| Jun record high C = 46.4
| Jul record high C = 44.4
| Aug record high C = 42.3
| Sep record high C = 42.0
| Oct record high C = 42.0
| Nov record high C = 37.4
| Dec record high C = 34.2
|year record high C = 47.4
| Jan high C = 24.3
| Feb high C = 27.3
| Mar high C = 32.6
| Apr high C = 37.8
| May high C = 40.4
| Jun high C = 39.1
| Jul high C = 34.3
| Aug high C = 32.4
| Sep high C = 34.2
| Oct high C = 34.7
| Nov high C = 30.4
| Dec high C = 26.1
| year high C = 32.8
| Jan low C = 9.5
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 18.1
| Apr low C = 23.9
| May low C = 27.6
| Jun low C = 27.8
| Jul low C = 25.9
| Aug low C = 24.7
| Sep low C = 24.3
| Oct low C = 20.6
| Nov low C = 15.0
| Dec low C = 10.7
| year low C = 20.0
| Jan record low C = -2.8
| Feb record low C = -1.1
| Mar record low C = 2.2
| Apr record low C = 9.4
| May record low C = 14.3
| Jun record low C = 14.7
| Jul record low C = 14.4
| Aug record low C = 18.9
| Sep record low C = 14.6
| Oct record low C = 7.8
| Nov record low C = 2.8
| Dec record low C = -0.6
|year record low C = -2.8
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 6.1
| Feb rain mm = 7.4
| Mar rain mm = 3.5
| Apr rain mm = 4.2
| May rain mm = 18.3
| Jun rain mm = 53.2
| Jul rain mm = 179.7
| Aug rain mm = 159.2
| Sep rain mm = 77.0
| Oct rain mm = 11.3
| Nov rain mm = 3.1
| Dec rain mm = 2.1
| year rain mm = 525.1
| Jan rain days = 0.6
| Feb rain days = 0.8
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 0.8
| May rain days = 1.8
| Jun rain days = 3.3
| Jul rain days = 8.5
| Aug rain days = 8.1
| Sep rain days = 3.9
| Oct rain days = 0.8
| Nov rain days = 0.2
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 29.3
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 32
| Feb humidity = 25
| Mar humidity = 17
| Apr humidity = 15
| May humidity = 18
| Jun humidity = 32
| Jul humidity = 57
| Aug humidity = 64
| Sep humidity = 49
| Oct humidity = 28
| Nov humidity = 31
| Dec humidity = 34
| year humidity = 34
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Ajmer Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 19–20
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M173
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref>
|date=August 2012}}

== Transportation ==
[[File:Pushkar ghati (LongShot).jpg|thumb|Pushkar Valley that connects Pushkar and Ajmer in the Aravalli Mountains]]

===Air===
The [[Kishangarh Airport]] is the nearest airport. It is 25 km from Ajmer city. The Ajmer Airport ground breaking ceremony was done by then Prime Minister of India Dr Manmohan Singh in 2012. The airport was finally completed and inaugurated by then Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha and Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje on 11 October 2017.<ref name="DC">{{cite news|title=Kishangarh airport inauguration ends decade long wait of Ajmer residents: CM Raje|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/kishangarh-airport-inauguration-ends-decade-long-wait-of-ajmer-residents-cm-raje.html|access-date=13 October 2017|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=12 October 2017}}</ref> The Airport is operational since then and regular flights to/from Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Indore and Surat are currently available. The airport is now amongst main and busy airports of Rajasthan. Currently SpiceJet and Star Air operate from Ajmer Airport on daily basis. Kishangarh Airport, Ajmer is being managed and operated by Airport Authority of India (AAI).

The [[Jaipur International Airport]] which is 135 km from Ajmer is the nearest International Airport.

===Rail===
The [[Ajmer Junction railway station|Ajmer Junction]] is the main railway station situated in the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rajasthan finds favour in railway budget|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/rajasthan-finds-favour-in-railway-budget/article718148.ece|access-date=7 June 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 February 2010}}</ref> and was built during colonial times.

== Tourism ==
[[File:A view of ajmer city.jpg|View of Ajmer from [[Taragarh Fort, Ajmer|Taragarh Fort]]|thumb]]
[[File:Dargah of moinuddin chishti.jpg|Dargah Sharif Ajmer|thumb]]
[[File:मक़बरा ख़्वाजा हुसैन अजमेरी रहमतुल्लाह अलैह अजमेर शरीफ .jpg|Tomb of Khwaja Husain Ajmeri|thumb]]
[[File:Ayodhya Nagri.jpg|''Swarna Nagari'' in [[Ajmer Jain temple|Soniji Ki Nasiyan]]|thumb]]
[[File:Akbar Fort.jpg|Akbari Fort and Museum|thumb]]
[[File:Jain Temple-Ajmer.jpg|[[Nareli Jain Temple]] is a recent addition to Ajmer|thumb]]
[[File:Anasagar Lake, Ajmer.JPG|thumb|Baradari on Lake [[Anasagar]]]]

*'''[[Pushkar]]''': Located few kilometres from Ajmer, is an important tourist and pilgrimage destination and a satellite town of Ajmer city. It is famous for '''[[Pushkar Lake]]''' and the 14th century '''[[Brahma Temple at Pushkar]]''', dedicated to [[Brahmā]], according to the ''[[Padma Purana|Padma Purāņa]]'', Pushkar is important pilgrimage site for [[Brahmā|Lord Brahmā]].<ref name="kamakoti.org">[http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/details/padmapurana7.html PADMA PURANA - Significance of Pushkara Tirtha]</ref> Around the world, '''Lord Brahma Temple''' is only situated at Pushkar Lake, Rajasthan, India.
*'''Manibandh or Chamunda Mata Mandir(Temple)''': is one among the 108 Shakti Peeth at Gayatri hills near Pushkar, 11 km from Ajmer. People know this temple as Chamunda Mata Temple. It takes 14 minutes to travel from Pushkar Lake to Chamunda Mata Mandir (about 5–6 km)
*'''[[Taragarh Fort, Ajmer|Taragarh Fort]]''': It is reputed to be the oldest hill fort in India. It stands, with precipitous surroundings, at a height of 2,855 ft. above sea-level, and between 1,300 and 1,400 ft. above the valley at its base; and it is partially enclosed by a wall some 20 feet thick and as many high, built of huge blocks of stone, cut and squared and are about {{convert|2|mi|km|0|spell=in}} in circumference. This hill fort guarding Ajmer, was the seat of the [[Chauhan]] rulers. It was built by King Ajaypal Chauhan on the summit of Taragarh Hill and overlooks Ajmer. The battlements run along the top of the hill. When it fell to the [[British Raj]], the fort was dismantled on the orders of [[Lord William Bentinck]] in 1832 and was converted into a sanatorium for the British troops stationed at the garrison town of [[Nasirabad, India|Nasirabad]].<ref name="EB1911"/> Within it stands the shrine of a Muhammadan saint, Saiyid Husain, known as the Ganj Shahldan.In the older city, lying in the valley beneath the Taragarh hill and now abandoned, the Nur-chashma, a garden-house used by the Mughals, still remains, as also a water-lift commenced by Maldeo Rathor, to raise water to the Taragarh citadel.
*'''[[Ajmer Sharif Dargah]]''': It is a shrine of Khwaja [[Moinuddin Chishti]] which is situated at the foot of the Taragarh hill, and consists of several white marble buildings arranged around two courtyards, including a massive gate donated by the [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]], and the Akbari Mosque, built by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] and containing the domed tomb of the saint. [[Akbar]] and his queen used to come here by foot every year on pilgrimage from [[Agra]] in observance of a vow when he prayed for a son. The large pillars called "Kose ('Mile') Minars" ([[Kos Minar]]), erected at intervals of about {{convert|2|mi|km|0|spell=in}} along the entire way between Agra and Ajmer mark the places where the royal pilgrims halted every day, they are also seen today, one such is near private bus station in Ajmer City.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Ajmere|volume=1|pages=452–453}}</ref> About 125,000 pilgrims visit the site every day. The ''Urs'' of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti is celebrated every year on the 6th and 7th of Rajab.
*'''Tomb of Khwaja Husain Ajmeri''': Khwaja Husain Ajmeri also known as Shaikh Husain Ajmeri, he was a Grandson of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty of Ajmer from the line of Khwaja Fakhruddin's son Khwaja Husamuddin Jigar Sokhta, he was SajjadaNasheen and Mutwalli<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/121g7ms5&hl=en-IN&q=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh&kgs=6ae889abd1a7e5a0&shndl=0&source=sh/x/kp/osrp&entrypoint=sh/x/kp/osrp|title=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh - Google Search|website=www.google.com|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> of Ajmer Dargah before and the time of Emperor Akbar and Emperor Jahangir, his tomb situated near Sola Khamba (Tomb of Khwaja Alauddin another grandson of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty of Ajmer), Behind Shahjahani Mosque Dargar Sharif Ajmer, he was leave the world in the year 1619-20 his tomb build in the year 1637–38.
*'''[[Ajmer Jain temple|Soni Ji Ki Nasiyaan]]''' : It is architecturally rich [[Jain temple]] built in the late nineteenth century whose main chamber Swarna Nagari "City of Gold", has prominent depiction of ''[[Ayodhya]]'' made from 1000 kg of gold.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/JM-RIT-jain-temple-gold-ajmer-5653991-PHO.html|title=This Temple In Rajasthan Has A Golden Chamber Where 1000kg Of Gold Was Used To Carve Out Depictions Of Ayodhya. It's Truly Mesmerizing!|newspaper=Daily Bhaskar|date=24 Jul 2017|access-date=29 Jul 2017}}</ref>
*'''[[Mayo College]]''': The college was founded in 1875 at the suggestion of Lord Mayo as a college where the sons of chiefs and nobles might receive an education to fit them for their high positions and important duties.<ref name=Mayo/> It was known as "Indian [[Eton College|Eton]]", as a number of Indian princes studied in this college. The main building, in white marble, is a classic example of [[Indo-Saracenic]] architecture. In front of the college is memorial marble statue of Lord Mayo. The boarding-houses are arranged in the form of a horseshoe, with the college in the centre of the base. Some of the Native States built boarding-houses, while the Government of India presented the college park, comprising 167 acres and formerly the site of the old Residency, and erected the main building, the residences of the principal and vice-principal, and the Ajmer boarding- house. It provided the salaries of the English staff. The foundation-stone of the college was laid in 1878, and the building was opened by the Marquis of Dufferin in 1885.<ref name="Mayo">[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/m/019pho0000015s5u00015000.html Mayo College, Ajmere - British Library]</ref> John Lockwood Kipling, father of Nobel Laureate, Rudyard Kipling, had been principal of Mayo College.
*'''[[Akbari Fort & Museum]]''': The city's museum was once the residence of Prince [[Jahangir|Salīm]], the son of the Emperor [[Akbar]], and presently houses a collection of Mughal and [[Rajput]] armour and sculpture. This is a magnificent example of Mughal architecture, construction of which was commissioned by Akbar in 1570. This is where Salim, as the Emperor [[Jahangir]], read out the [[firman]] permitting the [[British East India Company]] to trade with India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajasthangk.net/2013/05/akbar-ka-kila-ajmer-akbars-fort.html|title=Akbar Ka Kila, AJMER}}</ref> It is a massive square building, with lofty octagonal bastions at each corner. It was the headquarters of the administration in their time and in that of the Marathas. It was here that the emperors appeared in state, and that, as recorded by Sir Thomas Roe, criminals were publicly executed. The interior was used as a magazine during the British occupation until 1857; and the central building, used as a tahsil office. With the fort, the outer city walls, of the same period, are connected. These surround the city and are pierced by the Delhi, Madar, Usri, Agra, and Tirpolia gates.
*'''[[Nareli Jain Temple]]''': is a Jain temple complex of fourteen temples recently built. It is known for its architecture and intricate stone carvings which gives it both a traditional and contemporary look.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-AJM-OMC-enlightenment-completed-the-pilgrimage-area-5291015-PHO.html|title=Enlightenment completed the pilgrimage area - www.bhaskar.com|work=dainikbhaskar|access-date=14 April 2016|date=2016-04-04}}</ref>
*'''[[Ana Sagar|Anasagar Lake]]''': This is an historic man-made lake built by Maharaja Anaji (1135–1150 CE).<ref name=Madan>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/173 173]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> By the lake is the Daulat Bagh, a garden laid out by Emperor Jahangir. Emperor Shah Jahan later added five pavilions, known as the Baradari, between the garden and the lake embankment of the Ana Sagar supports the beautiful marble pavilions erected as pleasure-houses by Shah Jahan. The embankment, moreover, contains the - site of the former ''hammam'' (bath-room). Three of the five pavilions were at one time formed into residences for British officials, while the embankment was covered with office buildings and enclosed by gardens. The houses and enclosures were finally removed in 1900–1902, when the two south pavilions were re-erected, the marble parapet completed, and the embankment restored, as far as practicable, to its early condition.
*'''[[Lake Foy Sagar]]''': It is a picturesque artificial lake that was created as a famine relief project in 1892 some 3 miles to the west of the city. It offers excellent views of Aravali mountains range as well migrating birds.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://futureofpower.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Ajmer-Summary-Report-of.pdf |title=The Future of Power - summary report, Ajmer - February 2014 |access-date=7 April 2018 |archive-date=20 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520111623/http://futureofpower.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Ajmer-Summary-Report-of.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city used to derive its water-supply from it during colonial times. The water was conveyed into the city and suburbs through pipes which were laid underground. The capacity of the lake is 150,000,000 cubic feet.
*'''[[Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithviraj Smark]]''': Prithviraj Smark is dedicated to [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]. It is located on the way to Taragarh Fort. This place has a life-size statue of King Prithviraj Chauhan mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://www.urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/ada-ajmer/en/ajmer--the-city/major-attractions/PRITHVIRAJSMARAK.html Prithviraj Memorial Ajmer]</ref>

== Education ==
The city has many schools and colleges. Among them, Mayo College is a prominent college. The regional office of [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] is located here.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/over-3l-to-appear-for-cbse-exams-from-ajmer-region/articleshow/63162343.cms|title=Over 3lakh to appear for CBSE exams from Ajmer region|work=The Times of India|date=5 March 2018|access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Ajmer
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|width = 50
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|83.53}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|11.58}}
{{bar percent|[[Jains]]|red|2.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhs]]|black|0.94}}
{{bar percent|Others|lightgrey|0.18}}
}}

{{IndiaCensusPop|state= Rajasthan
|float = right
|width = 50
|title= Population growth of Ajmer
|1891= 68800
|1901= 73800
|1911= 86200
|1921= 113200
|1931= 119500
|1941= 147300
|1951= 196300
|1961= 231200
|1968= 265200
|1971= 264300
|1981= 374400
|1991= 402700
|2001= 485197
|2011= 542321
|footnote= source:<ref name="censusindia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm|title=Historical Census of India|access-date=22 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217053707/http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="c2001-towns"/><ref name="c2011-c82"/>
}}

According to the 2011 census, Ajmer had a population of 542,321 in the city, 551,101 including its suburbs.<ref name="c2011-c82"/>

The female to male ratio in the city was 947/1,000. The literacy rate in the city was 86.52%, male literacy being 92.08% and female literacy being 80.69%.<ref name="c2011-c82">
{{cite web|title=Ajmer City Population Census 2011 {{!}} Rajasthan|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/82-ajmer.html|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

Ajmer's population growth in the decade was 18.48%; this compares to a growth figure of 20.93% in the previous decade.<ref name="c2001-towns">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>
{{Bar chart
| title = Population growth through the years
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Population
| bar_width = 50
| width_units = em
| data_max = 1,300,000
| label3 = 1891 | data3 = 68800
| label4 = 1901 | data4 = 73800
| label5 = 1911 | data5 = 86200
| label6 = 1921 | data6 = 113200
| label7 = 1931 | data7 = 119500
| label8 = 1941 | data8 = 147300
| label9 = 1951 | data9 = 196300
| label10 = 1961 | data10 = 231200
| label11 = 1968 | data11 = 265200
| label12 = 1971 | data12 = 264300
| label13 = 1981 | data13 = 374400
| label14 = 1991 | data14 = 402700
| label15 = 2001 | data15 = 485197
| label16 = 2011 | data16 = 542321
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=Har Bilas Sarda |author-link=Har Bilas Sarda |title=Ajmer: Historical and Descriptive |chapter=Adhai-Din-ka-Jhonpra |publisher=Scottish Mission |year=1911 |chapter-url=http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/1953/218387_Ajmer_HIstorical_And_Descriptive.pdf?sequence=2 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}
* W.D. Begg: The Holy Biography of Hazrat Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti (Millat Book Centre, Delhi, 1999).
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_145.gif Ajmer] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 5, p. 137-146.

==External links==
*[http://www.ajmer.rajasthan.gov.in Ajmer District website]
*[http://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/cdm/search/collection/ic/searchterm/R%20Nath!Ajmer/field/creato!covera/mode/all!all/conn/and!and/order/title R. Nath Mughal Architecture Image Collection, Images from Ajmer] - University of Washington Digital Collection
{{Ajmer|state=expanded}}
{{Rajasthan}}
{{Districts of Rajasthan}}{{Authority control}}

{{Subject bar|portal1=India |commons=yes |s=yes |voy=yes |q=yes}}
[[Category:Ajmer| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1818 in British India]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Rajasthan]]

Ajmer - Revision history

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Suryabeej: Created page with "'''Ajmer''' {{IPA-hns|ədʒmeːr|pron|Ajmer.ogg}} is one of the major and oldest cities in the Indian state of Rajasthan and the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District..."